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Big Datas Big Potential in Developing Economies: Impact on Agriculture, Health and Environmental Security [Kietas viršelis]

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(The University of North Carolina, USA)
  • Formatas: Hardback, 236 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 244x172x20 mm, weight: 708 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 25-Oct-2016
  • Leidėjas: CABI Publishing
  • ISBN-10: 1780648685
  • ISBN-13: 9781780648682
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Big Datas Big Potential in Developing Economies: Impact on Agriculture, Health and Environmental SecurityDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Hardback, 236 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 244x172x20 mm, weight: 708 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 25-Oct-2016
  • Leidėjas: CABI Publishing
  • ISBN-10: 1780648685
  • ISBN-13: 9781780648682
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9781780648682.html
Raktažodžiai:
Big data involves the use of sophisticated analytics to make decisions based on large-scale data inputs. It is set to transform agriculture, environmental protection and healthcare in developing countries. This book critically evaluates the developing big data industry and market in these countries and gives an overview of the determinants, performance and impacts. It provides a detailed analysis of technology creation, technology infrastructures and human skills required to utilize big data while discussing novel applications and business models that make use of it to overcome healthcare barriers. The book also offers an analysis of big data's potential to improve environmental monitoring and protection where it is likely to have far-reaching and profound impacts on the agricultural sector. A key question addressed is how gains in agricultural productivity associated with big data will benefit smallholder farmers relative to global multinationals in that sector. The book also probes big data's roles in the creation of markets that can improve the welfare of smallholder farmers. Special consideration is given to big data-led transformation of the financial industry and discusses how the transformation can increase small-holder farmers' access to finance by changing the way lenders assess creditworthiness of potential borrowers. It also takes a look at data privacy and security issues facing smallholder farmers and reviews differences in such issues in industrialized and developing countries. The key ideas, concepts and theories presented are explored, illustrated and contrasted through in-depth case studies of developing world-based big data companies, and deployment and utilization of big data in agriculture, environmental protection and healthcare.

Daugiau informacijos

Suitable for researchers from a wide range of disciplines (e.g., agriculture, developmental economics, environment science, information technology, sociology, etc.) represent the primary audience groups for this book. Policy makers and international organizations in the areas of health, agriculture and environment also represent the primary audience.
Abbreviations xi
About the author xiv
Preface and Acknowledgements xv
1 Big Data in Developing Countries: Current Status, Opportunities and Challenges
1(29)
1.1 Introduction
1(3)
1.2 Definitions and Explanations of Key Terms
4(4)
1.2.1 Algorithm
4(1)
1.2.2 Big Data
4(1)
1.2.3 Business model
4(1)
1.2.4 Cloud computing
5(1)
1.2.5 Developing economies
5(1)
1.2.6 Drip irrigation
5(1)
1.2.7 Environmental monitoring
6(1)
1.2.8 Institutionalization
6(1)
1.2.9 Least developed countries (LDCs)
6(1)
1.2.10 The Internet of Things
6(1)
1.2.11 Machine-to-machine connections
7(1)
1.2.12 Precision agriculture
7(1)
1.2.13 Radio-frequency identification
7(1)
1.2.14 Sensor
7(1)
1.3 Characteristics of Big Data
8(5)
1.3.1 Volume
8(2)
1.3.2 Velocity
10(1)
1.3.3 Variety
11(1)
1.3.4 Variability
12(1)
1.3.5 Complexity
12(1)
1.4 Key Areas of Big Data Deployment in Developing Countries
13(4)
1.4.1 E-commerce
13(1)
1.4.2 Oil and gas
14(1)
1.4.3 Banking, finance and insurance
14(1)
1.4.4 Improving disaster mitigation and preparedness
14(1)
1.4.5 Enhancing transparency and reducing corruption
15(2)
1.5 The Relationship between Big Data, Mobility, the Internet of Things and Cloud Computing in the Context of Developing Countries
17(1)
1.6 Determinants of the Development of the Big Data Industry and Market
17(3)
1.6.1 Social and political dimensions
18(1)
1.6.2 Economic dimension
19(1)
1.7 Some Forces to Overcome the Adverse Economic, Political and Cultural Circumstances
20(2)
1.7.1 Multinationals launching Big Data applications in developing countries
20(1)
1.7.2 The roles of international development agencies
21(1)
1.8 Agriculture, Health and Environment: Intricate Relationship
22(1)
1.9 Discussion and Concluding Comments
22(8)
2 Big Data Ecosystem in Developing Countries
30(32)
2.1 Introduction
30(2)
2.2 Context Dependence in Big Data Models
32(1)
2.3 Barriers, Challenges and Obstacles in Using Big Data
32(10)
2.3.1 Low degree of digitization
33(2)
2.3.2 Costs associated with participating in the digital economy
35(2)
2.3.3 Data usability
37(1)
2.3.4 Poor data quality
37(1)
2.3.5 Low degree of value chain integration and disconnection between data users and producers
38(1)
2.3.6 Interoperability and standardization issues
39(1)
2.3.7 Big Data skills deficit
40(1)
2.3.8 Values and cultures
41(1)
2.4 Some Encouraging and Favourable Signs
42(1)
2.5 Big Data-Related Entrepreneurship and Some Notable Big Data Companies Operating in the Developing World
43(2)
2.5.1 Alibaba
43(1)
2.5.2 Mediatrac
44(1)
2.5.3 Nedbank
45(1)
2.6 The Internet of Things as a Key Component of Big Data
45(2)
2.6.1 Healthcare
46(1)
2.6.2 Environmental security and resource conservation
46(1)
2.6.3 Agriculture
47(1)
2.7 Creating a Virtuous Circle of Effective Big Data Deployment
47(5)
2.7.1 Existing actors in the Big Data ecosystem
48(3)
2.7.2 Entry of new actors in the Big Data ecosystem
51(1)
2.8 Discussion and Concluding Comments
52(10)
3 Big Data in Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation
62(21)
3.1 Introduction
62(3)
3.2 Various Data Sources in the Context of Environmental Monitoring and Protection
65(2)
3.2.1 The Internet of Things
65(1)
3.2.2 Social networking websites
66(1)
3.2.3 Remote sensing technologies
67(1)
3.3 Characteristics of Big Data in the Context of Environmental Monitoring and Protection
67(3)
3.3.1 Volume
68(1)
3.3.2 Velocity
68(1)
3.3.3 Variety
68(1)
3.3.4 Variability
69(1)
3.3.5 Complexity
69(1)
3.4 Foreign and Local Big Data Technologies in Environmental Monitoring and Protection
70(1)
3.4.1 Role of foreign multinational corporations
70(1)
3.4.2 Big Data applications created in developing countries
71(1)
3.5 The Roles of Philanthropic and International Development Organizations
71(2)
3.6 Big Data and Transparency: Fighting Environmental Crimes and Injustices
73(2)
3.6.1 The 2015 Indonesian fires
73(1)
3.6.2 Deforestation of rainforests in the Peruvian Amazon
74(1)
3.7 Discussion and Concluding Comments
75(8)
4 Big Data in Health-Care Delivery and Outcomes
83(18)
4.1 Introduction
83(2)
4.2 Big Data Deployment in Delivering Health-Care Services in Developing Countries: Some Examples
85(2)
4.3 Foreign as well as Locally Developed Big Data-Based Health-Care Solutions
87(1)
4.3.1 Solutions developed in industrialized countries
87(1)
4.3.2 Locally developed solutions
87(1)
4.4 The Role of Big Data in Expanding Access to Health-Care Services
87(5)
4.4.1 Geographic accessibility
88(1)
4.4.2 Availability
88(3)
4.4.3 Financial accessibility
91(1)
4.4.4 Acceptability
92(1)
4.5 Big Data-Based Solutions to Fight Fake Drugs
92(3)
4.5.1 The prevalence of fake drugs and some Big Data-based solutions to fight the problem
92(2)
4.5.2 Expansion to new market segments
94(1)
4.5.3 Some challenges faced
94(1)
4.6 The Role of Big Data in Promoting Transparency and Accountability in the Health-Care Sector
95(1)
4.7 The Internet of Things and Health Care
96(1)
4.8 Discussion and Concluding Comments
97(4)
5 Big Data in Agriculture
101(31)
5.1 Introduction
101(2)
5.2 Various Data Sources and Technological Trends
103(4)
5.2.1 The Internet of Things and agriculture
103(1)
5.2.2 Drip irrigation systems
104(1)
5.2.3 Soil infrared spectroscopy
104(1)
5.2.4 Data and information created via agriculture and farming platforms
105(2)
5.3 The Origin of Big Data-Related Innovations in the Agricultural Sector
107(2)
5.3.1 Big Data technologies developed in industrialized countries
107(1)
5.3.2 Undertaking Big Data-related innovations locally
108(1)
5.4 The Appropriateness and Impacts of Big Data Tools on Smallholder Farmers in Developing Economies
109(6)
5.4.1 Access to inputs and resources
111(1)
5.4.2 Access to insurance and other risk-spreading mechanisms
111(2)
5.4.3 Impacts on farming process and productivity
113(1)
5.4.4 Increase in small-scale farmer's access to market, marketability of products and bargaining power
113(1)
5.4.5 Improving efficiency of the downstream activities in the supply chain
114(1)
5.4.6 Improving crop quality
115(1)
5.5 Some Challenges and Obstacles
115(2)
5.6 Adapting to Various Types of Pressures
117(1)
5.7 Agricultural Big Data Projects with Diverse Impacts: A Comparison of TH Milk and Agrilife
118(5)
5.7.1 The TH Milk facility
118(2)
5.7.2 The Agrilife platform: expanding access to credits for African farmers
120(1)
5.7.3 A comparison of Agrilife platform and TH Milk facility
121(2)
5.8 Relevance of Big Data Dimensions
123(1)
5.9 Discussion and Concluding Comments
124(8)
6 Big Data's Roles in Increasing Smallholder Farmers' Access to Finance
132(20)
6.1 Introduction
132(2)
6.2 Diverse Models and Multiple Approaches to Assess Creditworthiness
134(1)
6.3 Big Data Companies Operating in the Developing World
135(4)
6.2.1 Cignifi
135(1)
6.2.2 Kreditech
135(1)
6.2.3 Lenddo
136(1)
6.2.4 Alibaba
136(2)
6.2.5 Tencent
138(1)
6.2.6 Kueski (Mexico)
138(1)
6.2.7 JD.com (Jingdong Mall)
139(1)
6.3 The Role of Big Data in Facilitating Access to Finance for Smallholder Farmers
139(4)
6.3.1 Utilizing different categories of financial and non-financial information
140(2)
6.3.2 The role of BD in reducing information opacity and transaction costs
142(1)
6.4 Enabling and Incentivizing Smallholder Farmers to Participate in the Market
143(2)
6.5 Risks and Challenges
145(1)
6.6 Discussion and Concluding Comments
146(6)
7 Data Privacy and Security Issues Facing Smallholder Farmers and Poor Communities in Developing Countries
152(17)
7.1 Introduction
152(1)
7.2 Privacy, Data Protection and Security Issues Associated with Big Data in Developing Countries
153(4)
7.2.1 Agriculture
155(1)
7.2.2 Healthcare
156(1)
7.3 Variation in Institutionalization of Cybersecurity and Privacy Issues Across Developing Countries and Groups of People
157(1)
7.3.1 Variation in consumers' orientation to data security and privacy
157(1)
7.4 Institutionalization of Data Privacy and Security Issues in Developing Countries
158(5)
7.4.1 National level
158(1)
7.4.2 Industry standards
159(1)
7.4.3 Trade associations
160(1)
7.4.4 Professional associations
160(1)
7.4.5 Inter-organizational networks
160(1)
7.4.6 Company-specific guidelines
161(1)
7.4.7 Individual farmers
162(1)
7.5 Discussion and Concluding Comments
163(6)
8 Lessons Learned, Implications and the Way Forward
169(19)
8.1 Introduction
169(2)
8.2 The Appropriateness of Big Data in the Developing World
171(2)
8.2.1 Relative advantage
171(1)
8.2.2 Compatibility
171(1)
8.2.3 Complexity
172(1)
8.2.4 Observability
173(1)
8.2.5 Trialability
173(1)
8.3 The Meaning and Significance of Big Data in the Context of Developing Countries
173(1)
8.4 Big Data and Transparency
174(1)
8.5 Trickling up of Big Data-Related Innovations from Developing to Developed Nations
175(1)
8.6 Implications for Businesses
175(2)
8.7 Implications for Policy Makers
177(3)
8.8 Future Research Implications
180(2)
8.9 Final Thought
182(6)
Appendix: Integrative Cases of Big Data Deployment in Agriculture, Environmental Security and Health Care
188(25)
Case 1 Big Data Deployment in the Chinese Health-Care Industry
188(10)
A1.1 Big Data-based mobile health-care apps
189(1)
A1.2 Resources to create a healthy society
189(1)
A1.3 Government investment as a trigger
189(1)
A1.4 Well-known Big Data companies in the value chain of the health-care sector
190(2)
A1.5 Foreign companies promoting BD deployment in the Chinese health-care industry
192(2)
A1.6 Professional and ethical issues
194(1)
A1.7 Concluding comments
195(3)
Case 2 Big Data Deployment in the Fight Against Ebola
198(5)
A2.1 Citizen engagement and analytics system
198(1)
A2.2 Tracking the population movement during the Ebola crisis
199(1)
A2.3 Tracking the spread
199(1)
A2.4 Some challenges
200(1)
A2.5 Concluding comments
201(2)
Case 3 Kilimo Salama's Weather-Based Index Insurance for Smallholder Farmers
203(4)
A3.1 Kilimo Salama's weather-based Index Insurance
203(1)
A3.2 Appropriateness of Index Insurance
204(1)
A3.3 Benefits to farmers
205(1)
A3.4 Concluding comments
205(2)
Case 4 Agricultural Knowledge On-Line (AKOL)
207(3)
A4.1 AKOL's applications portfolio
207(1)
A4.2 AKOL's emergence as a global agricultural company
207(1)
A4.3 Incorporating the Internet of Things
208(1)
A4.4 Helping small farmers meet international standards for crops
208(1)
A4.5 Concluding comments
209(1)
Case 5 International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) at the Forefront of Research Related to Agriculture and the Environment
210(3)
A5.1 Optimizing crop quality and minimizing lost yield
210(1)
A5.2 Favourable political and bureaucratic conditions
211(1)
A5.3 Recent Big Data tools
211(1)
A5.4 Concluding comments
212(1)
Index 213
- Nir Kshetri is Professor at Bryan School of Business and Economics, The University of North Carolina-Greensboro and a research fellow at Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kobe University, Japan. Nir is the author of four books. His 2014 book Global Entrepreneurship: Environment and Strategy (Routledge) was selected as Outstanding Academic Title by Choice Magazine. He has published eighty-five journal articles and over two dozens of book chapters. His cloud- and big data-related articles have been published in Third World Quarterly, Communications of the ACM, IEEE Computer, Telecommunications Policy, IEEE IT Professional, Big Data and Society and others. Nir has given keynote speeches on big data related topics in academic/industry events in Brazil, Colombia, Nepal and Sri Lanka. He has also given lectures or presented papers (over 160) at national/international meetings/conferences in forty five countries. Nir participated as lead discussant at the Peer Review meeting of the UN's Information Economy Report 2013 and 2015. Nir's recent research-related awards include Best Academic Paper Award at the Business and Entrepreneurship in Africa Conference (2013) and best paper award at the 5th International Conference on Information Systems and Economic Intelligence (2012). A 2012 study ranked him #2 in the number of articles published in Journal of International Management. Nir received Emerald Literati Network Award for Excellence in 2013 and 2010. He is a two time winner of the Pacific Telecommunication Council's Jussawalla Research Paper Prize. Nir has been interviewed and/or quoted in over 60 media outlets from a number of countries.