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El. knyga: Bioarchaeology: An Introduction to the Archaeology and Anthropology of the Dead

4.33/5 (3 ratings by Goodreads)
(Statistical Research Inc, USA)
  • Formatas: 310 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 15-Nov-2020
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351061094
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Bioarchaeology: An Introduction to the Archaeology and Anthropology of the DeadDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: 310 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 15-Nov-2020
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351061094
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"Bioarchaeology covers the history and general theory of the field plus the recovery and laboratory treatment of human remains. Bioarchaeology is the study of human remains in context from an archaeological and anthropological perspective. The book explores, through numerous case studies, how a society deals with their dead can reveal a great deal about that society, including religion, political, economic, and social organizations. It details recovery methods and how, once recovered, human remains can be analysed to reveal details about the funerary system of the subject society and inform on a variety of other issues, such as health, demography, disease, workloads, mobility, sex and gender, and migration. Finally, the book highlights how bioarchaeological techniques can be used in contemporary forensic settings and in the investigations of genocide and war crimes. In Bioarchaeology, theories, principles and scientific techniques are laid out in a clear, understandable way and students of archaeology atundergraduate and graduate levels will find this an excellent guide to the field."--

Bioarchaeology covers the history and general theory of the field plus the recovery and laboratory treatment of human remains.

Bioarchaeology is the study of human remains in context from an archaeological and anthropological perspective. The book explores, through numerous case studies, how a society deals with their dead can reveal a great deal about that society, including religion, political, economic, and social organizations. It details recovery methods and how, once recovered, human remains can be analysed to reveal details about the funerary system of the subject society and inform on a variety of other issues, such as health, demography, disease, workloads, mobility, sex and gender, and migration. Finally, the book highlights how bioarchaeological techniques can be used in contemporary forensic settings and in the investigations of genocide and war crimes.

In Bioarchaeology, theories, principles and scientific techniques are laid out in a clear, understandable way and students of archaeology at undergraduate and graduate levels will find this an excellent guide to the field.

List of figures
ix
List of tables
xii
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xiv
1 The discipline of bioarchaeology
1(16)
Introduction: what is bioarchaeology?
1(1)
What constitutes human remains?
2(1)
The development of the discipline
3(1)
A focus on measurement and classification
3(2)
Interest in paleopathology
5(1)
A revival of mortuary analysis
5(1)
Changing perspectives: an integrated biocultural approach
6(1)
Ethics and politics in bioarchaeology
7(1)
Repatriation: humanistic and scientific issues
7(1)
International laws on human remains
8(1)
U.S. laws on human remains
9(6)
Chapter summary
15(1)
Key concepts and terms
16(1)
2 In the field: discovery and recovery
17(9)
Human? How old?
17(1)
The archaeological record
18(1)
The nature of archaeological evidence
18(1)
Taphonomy
18(3)
Discovery of human remains
21(1)
Known sites and locations
21(1)
Accidental discoveries
22(1)
Recovery of human remains
22(1)
Excavation methods
23(1)
Recordation
24(1)
Post-excavation handling
24(1)
Chapter summary
24(1)
Key concepts and terms
25(1)
3 In the laboratory: description and basic analysis of human remains
26(26)
Laboratory treatment
26(1)
Skeletal remains
27(1)
Bones of the skeleton
27(3)
Measuring and describing the skeleton
30(1)
Metric traits
31(1)
Nonmetric traits
31(1)
Bone development and growth
31(1)
Types of bone
32(1)
Remodeling
33(1)
Deossification
34(1)
Bone histology
34(1)
Dentition
35(1)
Describing teeth
35(2)
Metric and nonmetric dental traits
37(1)
Basic analysis of skeletal remains
38(1)
Determining the minimum number of individuals
38(1)
Estimating age at death
38(4)
Estimating sex
42(3)
Estimating stature
45(1)
Estimations of ancestry
45(1)
Soft tissue and other remains
46(1)
Hair
47(1)
Fingernails and toenails
48(1)
Paleofeces
48(1)
Dating human remains
49(1)
Chapter summary
49(1)
Key concepts and terms
50(2)
4 Treating the dead: the funerary system
52(31)
Concepts of the body
52(1)
Cultural constructs of death
52(1)
The funerary system
53(1)
The funerary system I Pretreatment of the living
54(1)
The funerary system II The Mortuary Process
55(9)
Purposeful mummies
64(3)
Preserved body parts
67(9)
Funerary system III Commemorative Behavior
76(5)
Chapter summary
81(1)
Key concepts and terms
82(1)
5 Paleopathology I: metabolic, nutritional, and occupational stress
83(18)
Paleopathology
83(1)
Stress
84(1)
Metabolic stress
84(6)
Nutritional stress
90(3)
Occupational and activity stress
93(5)
Detecting general stress
98(1)
Chapter summary
99(1)
Key concepts and terms
99(2)
6 Paleopathology II: disease and abnormalities
101(22)
Disease
101(1)
Skeletal pathology of disease
101(4)
Cancers and tumors
105(1)
Infectious disease
106(4)
Degenerative disorders
110(2)
Dental pathologies
112(2)
Soft tissue pathology
114(1)
Infectious disease in soft tissues
115(1)
Parasitic infection
115(2)
Congenital abnormalities
117(2)
Congenital syndromes
119(1)
Chapter summary
119(2)
Key concepts and terms
121(2)
7 Trauma
123(23)
Trauma
123(1)
Types of physical trauma
123(2)
Violence
125(6)
Cannibalism
131(5)
Human sacrifice
136(1)
Execution
137(1)
Medical trauma
137(3)
Tissue modification
140(3)
Chapter summary
143(1)
Key concepts and terms
144(2)
8 Specialized studies
146(15)
Biomolecular studies
146(1)
Organic residues: blood, lipids, and proteins
146(1)
Ancient DNA
147(5)
Isotopic analysis
152(3)
Biodistance studies
155(1)
Imaging
156(1)
Radiography
156(1)
Scanning
157(2)
Chapter summary
159(1)
Key concepts and terms
159(2)
9 Interpretive theory and data integration
161(15)
Theoretical approaches in interpretation
161(1)
Middle-range theory
162(1)
Research design
163(1)
Cemetery organization
163(1)
Grave goods and status
164(1)
Integration of data sets
165(1)
Constructing a biocultural profile
166(6)
Constructing a bioethnography
172(1)
Issues in analysis
173(1)
Chapter summary
174(1)
Key concepts and terms
175(1)
10 Lives once lived: the anthropology of the dead
176(25)
Addressing anthropological questions
176(1)
Exploring social organization
176(5)
Exploring political systems
181(1)
Exploring religion and ritual
181(3)
Exploring sex and gender
184(3)
Exploring inequality
187(1)
The transition to agriculture
188(1)
Paleodemography
189(1)
The osteological paradox
190(3)
The health of past populations
193(5)
Medical care
198(1)
Disability and community health care
198(1)
Prosthetics
199(1)
Chapter summary
200(1)
Key concepts and terms
200(1)
11 Contemporary application: forensic anthropology
201(9)
Goals in forensic anthropology
202(1)
Discovery and recovery
202(1)
Identification of remains
203(1)
Identifying manner and cause of death
204(1)
Time since death
204(1)
Legal issues
204(1)
Homicide cases
204(1)
Mass death events
205(1)
Extralegal killings and mass graves
205(2)
Recovery of war dead
207(2)
Chapter summary
209(1)
Key concepts and terms
209(1)
References 210(60)
Glossary 270(10)
Figure credits 280(3)
Index 283
Mark Q. Sutton received his Ph.D. in Anthropology from the University of California, Riverside in 1987. He taught at California State University, Bakersfield from 1987 to 2007 where he retired as Emeritus Professor of Anthropology. He now teaches at the University of San Diego. Dr. Sutton has worked with a variety of human remains in western North America and has published more than 240 books, monographs, articles, and reviews in archaeology.
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