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El. knyga: Discourse, Identity and Legitimacy: Self and Other in representations of Iran's nuclear programme

(Newcastle University)
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This book is a critical study of the ways that discourses of the (national) Self and Other are invoked and reflected in the reporting of a major international political conflict. Taking Iran’s nuclear programme as a case study, this book offers extensive textual analysis, comparative investigation and socio-political contextualisation of national identity in newspaper reporting. In addition to providing comprehensive accounts of theory and methodology in Critical Discourse Analysis, the book provides a valuable extensive discussion of journalistic practice in Iranian and British contexts, as well as offering insights into historical development of ‘discourses in place’ in Iran. Across four separate chapters, major national and influential newspapers from both countries are critically analysed in terms of their micro-linguistic and macro-discoursal content and strategies. The book is a vital source for interdisciplinary scholarship and will appeal to students and researchers across the critical social sciences, particularly those in linguistics, media and communication studies, journalism and international politics.
Chapter 1 Introduction 1(8)
1.1 Background
1(1)
1.2 A sketch of Iran's nuclear programme
2(1)
1.3 The research focus
3(1)
1.4 Socio-political context of Iran
4(1)
1.5 The structure of the book
5(4)
Chapter 2 Iran's socio-political history 9(38)
2.1 Introduction
9(1)
2.2 Iran before the 1979 Revolution
10(15)
2.2.1 Ghajars, Constitutional Revolution and Reza Shah (Pahlavi I)
10(4)
2.2.2 Mohammad Reza Shah (Pahlavi II)
14(2)
2.2.3 Mossadegh and the nationalisation of the oil industry
16(5)
2.2.4 Towards the Islamic Revolution
21(4)
2.3 Iran after the Islamic Revolution: Changes in the grand rhetoric and themes
25(18)
2.3.1 Revolutionary Period (1979-1981)
25(3)
2.3.2 War Period (1980-1988)
28(4)
2.3.3 Economic Reforms Period 1989-1997 (Rafsanjani)
32(3)
2.3.4 Political Reforms Period 1997-2005 (Khatami)
35(4)
2.3.5 Radical conservative rise 2005-2013 (Ahmadinejad)
39(4)
2.4 Political structure of the Islamic Republic of Iran
43(4)
Chapter 3 Theoretical background 47(34)
3.1 Critical Discourse Analysis
47(4)
3.2 The critique/critical in CDA
51(7)
3.2.1 CDA and Habermas
56(2)
3.3 Discourse in CDA
58(4)
3.4 Analysis in CDA
62(2)
3.5 Power and ideology in CDA
64(1)
3.6 Analysis of meanings in society (language in use)
65(3)
3.7 Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA)
68(3)
3.7.1 CDA and Self/Other presentation
70(1)
3.8 CDA and the media
71(4)
3.9 CDA and the international contexts
75(2)
3.10 Discourse analysis, Iran and nuclear issue
77(4)
Chapter 4 The British and Iranian press 81(24)
4.1 The press in Iran
81(12)
4.1.1 Historical development of the press (before the Revolution)
82(2)
4.1.2 Historical development of the press (after the Revolution)
84(2)
4.1.3 Jameah newspaper
86(1)
4.1.4 Newspaper closures
87(2)
4.1.5 Issues and challenges
89(4)
4.2 The press in Britain
93(12)
4.2.1 The state and the press
94(1)
4.2.2 Political authority and the press
94(2)
4.2.3 Economic model and the press
96(2)
4.2.4 Ownership of the press
98(1)
4.2.5 Approaches to journalism
99(3)
4.2.6 Approaches to press and media analysis
102(1)
4.2.7 Current issues
103(2)
Chapter 5 Methodology and data selection 105(34)
5.1 Methods in Self and Other presentation
105(1)
5.2 Methods in the Discourse-Historical Approach
106(6)
5.2.1 Topoi
110(2)
5.3 Presupposition and the repertoire of old knowledge
112(6)
5.4 Deontic modalisation
118(4)
5.5 Recontextualisation
122(2)
5.6 Conversationalisation and vagueness
124(2)
5.7 UK data selection
126(6)
5.7.1 The spike
128(2)
5.7.2 The Times' background
130(1)
5.7.3 The Guardian's background
131(1)
5.8 Iranian data selection
132(5)
5.8.1 Kayhan's background
134(1)
5.8.2 Shargh's background
135(2)
5.9 English translation
137(2)
Chapter 6 Kayhan newspaper 139(44)
6.1 Discourse topics analysis
139(5)
6.2 Textual analysis: a short example
144(2)
6.3 Referential strategy
146(7)
6.3.1 A note on the Persian language
146(2)
6.3.2 Referential strategy: Self
148(2)
6.3.3 Referential strategy: Other
150(2)
6.3.4 Referential strategy: the nuclear programme
152(1)
6.4 Predicational strategy in Kayhan
153(12)
6.4.1 Predicational strategy: Self
153(7)
6.4.2 Predicational strategy: the Other
160(5)
6.5 Argumentative strategy
165(8)
6.5.1 Macro legitimatory arguments
165(1)
6.5.2 Topoi in macro-legitimatory arguments
166(5)
6.5.3 Micro-legitimatory argumentation
171(2)
6.6 Other discursive qualities
173(10)
6.6.1 Presuppositions
173(2)
6.6.2 Recontextualisation of the news
175(8)
Chapter 7 Shargh newspaper 183(28)
7.1 Discourse topics analysis
183(5)
7.2 Shargh's contents
188(5)
7.2.1 Textual analysis: reported official content
189(3)
7.2.2 Textual analysis: non-official content
192(1)
7.3 Reported official content
193(8)
7.3.1 Referential strategy
193(2)
7.3.2 Predicational strategy
195(6)
7.4 Non-official content
201(5)
7.4.1 Referential strategy
201(2)
7.4.2 Predicational strategy
203(3)
7.5 Argumentative strategies
206(5)
Chapter 8 The Times newspaper 211(22)
8.1 Discourse topics analysis
211(1)
8.2 Textual analysis: a short example
211(3)
8.3 Referential strategy
214(5)
8.3.1 Referential strategy: Self (the West)
214(1)
8.3.2 Referential strategy: Other (Iran)
215(2)
8.3.3 Referential strategy: Iran's nuclear programme
217(2)
8.4 Predicational strategy
219(4)
8.4.1 Predicational strategy: Self
219(1)
8.4.2 Predicational strategy: Other
220(3)
8.5 Argumentative strategy
223(4)
8.5.1 Topos of threat: we are right because they are (constructed as) a threat
223(4)
8.6 Presupposition and shared knowledge
227(6)
8.6.1 Presupposition triggers
229(4)
Chapter 9 The Guardian newspaper 233(20)
9.1 Discourse topics analysis
233(1)
9.2 Textual analysis: a short example
233(3)
9.3 Referential strategy
236(6)
9.3.1 Referential strategy: Self (West)
236(2)
9.3.2 Referential strategy: Other (Iran)
238(2)
9.3.3 Referential strategy: Iran's nuclear programme
240(2)
9.4 Predicational strategy
242(5)
9.4.1 Predicational strategy: Self
242(1)
9.4.2 Predicational strategy: Other
242(5)
9.5 Argumentative strategy
247(3)
9.6 Presupposition and shared knowledge
250(1)
9.7 Automatic processes
251(2)
Chapter 10 Conclusion 253(18)
10.1 Self and Other in Iranian dailies
253(6)
Kayhan
253(3)
Shargh
256(3)
10.2 Self and Other in the British dailies
259(5)
The Times
259(2)
The Guardian
261(3)
10.3 Overall remarks
264(7)
Appendix (Kayhan chapter) 271(20)
References list 291(12)
Index 303