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El. knyga: Fact over Fake: A Critical Thinker's Guide to Media Bias and Political Propaganda

4.20/5 (10 ratings by Goodreads)
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Serija: Thinker's Guide Library
  • Išleidimo metai: 15-Nov-2020
  • Leidėjas: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781538143957
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Serija: Thinker's Guide Library
  • Išleidimo metai: 15-Nov-2020
  • Leidėjas: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781538143957

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Todays instantaneous and ever-present news stream frequently presents a sensationalized or otherwise distorted view of the world, demanding constant critical engagement on the part of everyday citizens.



The Critical Thinkers Guide to Bias, Lies, and Politics in the News reveals the power of critical thinking to make sense of overwhelming and often subjective media by detecting ideology, slant, and spin at work. Building off the Richard Paul and Linda Elder framework for critical thinking, Elder focuses on the internal logic of the news as well as societal influences on the media while illustrating essential elements of trustworthy journalism. With up-to-date discussions of social media, digital journalism, and political maneuvering inside and outside the fourth estate, Fact or Fake is an essential handbook for those who want to stay informed but not influenced by our modern news reporting systems.
Introduction: Why Criticalthinking Is Essential To Making Sense Of The News 1(10)
What Is News?
3(2)
Political Views in the News: Understanding the Liberal-Minded Person
5(2)
The Logic of the News Media
7(1)
Political Influences, Advertising, and Group Think
7(1)
Technological Noise in the News
8(1)
What We Need the News Media to Do for Us
9(2)
Chapter 1 Current Trends Affecting How We See The News
11(6)
Key Critical Thinking Questions to Ask When Seeking the News
11(1)
Realities That Impede Our Ability to Get Objective News
12(3)
The Problem of Fake News
15(1)
Social Media as an Unreliable News Source
15(2)
Chapter 2 Essential Critical Thinking Tools For Understanding Human Reasoning And Media Logic
17(26)
Defining Critical Thinking
18(1)
All Humans Use Their Thinking to Make Sense of the World
19(1)
Analyze Thinking Through Its Elemental Structures
20(2)
Questioning the Reasoning Embedded in a News Article
22(5)
Characteristics of the Disciplined Mind That Help Us Detect Bias
27(3)
Rational Capacities or Irrational Tendencies Can Control the Mind
30(13)
Chapter 3 Objectivity, Bias, And Underlying Agendas
43(14)
Democracy and the News Media
43(1)
Myths That Obscure the Logic of the News Media
44(1)
Bias and Objectivity in the News Media
44(4)
How the News Media View Objectivity Today
48(1)
Forms of Objectivity
48(3)
The Perception of Bias in the Mainstream
51(1)
Propaganda and News Story Writing
51(2)
Protecting the Home Audience from Guilt Feelings
53(2)
How the News Media Foster Sociocentric Thinking
55(2)
Chapter 4 Become An Astute Media Consumer
57(16)
How to Obtain Useful Information from Propaganda and Typical News Stories
57(1)
Steps in Becoming a Critical Consumer of the News
57(2)
Media Awareness of Media Bias
59(1)
Sensitivity to Advertisers
60(1)
Sensitivity to Politicians and the Government
60(1)
Sensitivity to Powerful Interests
61(1)
Sensitivity to Their Competitors
62(1)
The Bias Toward Novelty and Sensationalism
63(1)
Critical Consumers of the News
63(1)
Dominant and Dissenting Views: Finding Alternative Sources of Information
64(2)
Buried, Ignored, or Underreported Stories
66(1)
How the Internet and Other Technologies Pervade Our Lives
66(2)
How the Internet Works: The Big Picture
68(1)
Assess a Given Website Using Critical Thinking Standards
69(1)
Using the Internet in Seeking the News
70(1)
Additional Alternative News Sources
71(1)
Readings That Help You Become a More Independent Thinker
71(2)
Chapter 5 The Future Of The News
73(4)
Is It Possible for the News Media to Reform?
73(1)
Is the Emergence of a "Critical Society" Possible?
74(1)
Conclusion
75(2)
Appendix A Think For Yourself Activities 77(6)
Appendix B An Abbreviated Glossary Of Critical Thinking Concepts And Terms 83(8)
References And Recommended Readings 91(2)
Index 93(6)
About The Authors 99
Dr. Linda Elder is an educational psychologist who has taught both psychology and critical thinking at the college level. She has been President of the Foundation for Critical Thinking and the Executive Director of the Center for Critical Thinking for almost 25 years. She has a special interest in the relation of thought and emotion, as well as the cognitive and affective. She has developed an original theory of the stages of critical thinking development. Elder has coauthored four books on critical thinking, as well as all 23 titles found in the Thinker's Guide Library.

Dr. Richard Paul was a leading proponent of critical thinking and through his work and legacy remains an international authority in the field. He founded the Center for Critical Thinking at Sonoma State University in 1980, followed by the Foundation for Critical Thinking. He developed concepts, principles, and theory essentials to a robust and fairminded conception of critical thinking and authored more than 200 articles and seven books on the topic. He presented workshops to hundreds of thousands of educators over his 35-year career as a leader in the critical thinking movement.