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PART I BASIC HEMATOLOGY PRINCIPLES |
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Introduction to Hematology and Basic Laboratory Practices |
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3 | (12) |
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Introduction to Hematology |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (2) |
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Significant Parts of the Microscope |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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Corrective Actions in Light Microscopy |
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6 | (1) |
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Innovations in Microscopy |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (2) |
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Personal Protective Equipment |
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6 | (1) |
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Safety Features Other Than Personal Protective Equipment |
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7 | (1) |
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Chemical and Environmental Hazards |
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8 | (1) |
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Basic Concepts of Quality Assurance Plans in the Hematology Laboratory |
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8 | (7) |
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Quality Control Monitoring in the Hematology Laboratory |
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9 | (1) |
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Normal, or Reference, Intervals |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (4) |
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From Hematopoiesis to the Complete Blood Count |
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15 | (18) |
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Hematopoiesis: The Origin of Cell Development |
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16 | (1) |
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The Spleen as an Indicator Organ of Hematopoietic Health |
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17 | (1) |
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The Functions of the Spleen |
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17 | (1) |
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Potential Risks of Splenectomy |
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17 | (1) |
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The Bone Marrow and the Myeloid:Erythroid Ratio |
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18 | (1) |
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Alterations in the M:E Ratio |
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18 | (1) |
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The Role of Stem Cells and Cytokines |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (1) |
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The Role of the Laboratory Professional in the Bone Marrow Procedure |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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The Morphological Classification of the Anemias |
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23 | (2) |
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Calculating Red Cell Indices and Their Role in Sample Integrity |
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25 | (1) |
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The Value of the Red Cell Distribution Width |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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The Clinical Approach to Anemias |
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26 | (1) |
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The Value of the Reticulocyte Count |
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26 | (7) |
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Red Blood Cell Production, Function and Relevant Red Cell Morphology |
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33 | (18) |
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Basic Red Cell Production |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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Maturation Stages of the Red Cell |
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35 | (2) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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Polychromatophilic Normoblast |
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36 | (1) |
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Orthochromic Normoblast-Nucleated (nRBC) |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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Red Blood Cell Membrane Development and Function |
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37 | (1) |
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Composition of Lipids in the Interior and Exterior Layers |
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37 | (1) |
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Composition of Proteins in the Lipid Bilayers |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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Abnormal Red Cell Morphology |
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39 | (4) |
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Variations in Red Cell Size |
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39 | (2) |
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Variations in Red Cell Color |
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41 | (1) |
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Variations in Red Cell Shape |
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41 | (2) |
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43 | (8) |
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Hemoglobin Function and Principles of Hemolysis |
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51 | (14) |
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Hemoglobin Structure and Synthesis |
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52 | (3) |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (3) |
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55 | (1) |
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Laboratory Evidence of Hemolysis |
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56 | (1) |
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The Physiology of Hemolysis |
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57 | (1) |
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Terminology Relevant to the Hemolytic Anemias |
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58 | (7) |
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PART II RED CELL DISORDERS |
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65 | (20) |
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Iron Intake and Iron Absorption |
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66 | (1) |
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Iron Storage and Recycled Iron |
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66 | (2) |
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68 | (2) |
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Pathophysiology and Symptoms |
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68 | (1) |
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Tests Used to Diagnose Iron Deficiency |
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68 | (2) |
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Causes of Iron Deficiency |
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70 | (1) |
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Treatment for Iron Deficiency |
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70 | (1) |
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Anemia of Chronic Disease and Inflammation: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment |
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70 | (1) |
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Anemias Related to Iron Overload Conditions, the Sideroblastic Anemias |
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71 | (3) |
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Hereditary Hemochromatosis |
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72 | (2) |
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The Thalassemia Syndromes |
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74 | (11) |
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Brief History and Demographics |
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74 | (1) |
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The Pathophysiology of the Thalassemias |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (2) |
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Beta Thalassemia Major: Cooley's Anemia, Mediterranean Fever |
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77 | (2) |
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Thalassemias Intermedia and Beta Thalassemia Trait |
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79 | (6) |
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85 | (12) |
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The Macrocytic Anemias and the Megaloblastic Process |
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86 | (1) |
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The Red Cell Precursors in Megaloblastic Anemia |
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86 | (1) |
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Ineffective Erythropoiesis in Megaloblastic Anemia |
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86 | (1) |
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Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid: Their Role in DNA Synthesis |
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87 | (1) |
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Nutritional Requirements, Transport, and Metabolism of Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid |
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87 | (1) |
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Incorporating Vitamin B12 Into the Bone Marrow |
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88 | (1) |
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Clinical Features of Patients With Megaloblastic Anemia |
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88 | (1) |
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Hematological Features of Megaloblastic Anemias |
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88 | (1) |
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Pernicious Anemia as a Subset of Megaloblastic Anemias |
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89 | (1) |
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Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Deficiency |
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89 | (1) |
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Laboratory Diagnosis of Megaloblastic Anemias |
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90 | (1) |
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Treatment and `Response of Individuals With Megaloblastic Anemia |
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90 | (1) |
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Macrocytic Anemias That Are Not Megaloblastic |
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91 | (6) |
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Normochromic Anemias, Biochemical and Membrane Disorders, and Miscellaneous Red Cell Disorders |
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97 | (16) |
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The Role of the Spleen in Red Cell Membrane Disorders |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (2) |
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The Genetics and Pathophysiology of Hereditary Spherocytosis |
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98 | (1) |
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Clinical Presentation in Hereditary Spherocytosis |
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98 | (2) |
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Laboratory Diagnosis of Hereditary Spherocytosis |
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100 | (1) |
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Treatment and Management of Hereditary Spherocytosis |
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100 | (1) |
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Hereditary Elliptocytosis |
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100 | (2) |
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Common Hereditary Elliptocytosis |
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101 | (1) |
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Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis |
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101 | (1) |
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Spherocytic Hereditary Elliptocytosis |
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101 | (1) |
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Hereditary Pyropoikilocytosis |
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101 | (1) |
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Hereditary Stomatocytosis and Hereditary Xerocytosis |
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102 | (1) |
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Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency |
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102 | (3) |
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The Genetics of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency |
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102 | (1) |
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Clinical Manifestations of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency |
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103 | (2) |
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Diagnosis, of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency |
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105 | (1) |
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Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency |
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105 | (1) |
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Miscellaneous Red Cell Disorders |
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105 | (8) |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria |
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108 | (5) |
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The Normochromic Anemias Due to Hemoglobinopathies |
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113 | (16) |
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General Description of the Hemoglobinopathies |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (6) |
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Genetics and Incidence of Sickle Cell Anemia |
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114 | (1) |
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Pathophysiology of the Sickling Process |
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115 | (1) |
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Clinical Considerations for Sickle Cell Anemia |
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115 | (2) |
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Disease Management and Prognosis |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (3) |
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120 | (1) |
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Hemoglobin C Disease and Trait and Hemoglobin SC |
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120 | (1) |
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Variant Hemoglobins of Note |
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121 | (8) |
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Hemoglobin S-beta Thalassemia |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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Hemoglobin Dpunjab/Hemoglobin G phila |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (7) |
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PART III WHITE CELL DISORDERS |
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Leukopoiesis and Leukopoietic Function |
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129 | (14) |
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130 | (1) |
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Stages of Leukocyte Maturation |
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130 | (1) |
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Features of Cell Identification |
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130 | (4) |
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130 | (1) |
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Promyelocyte (Progranulocyte) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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Eosinophils and Basophils |
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132 | (1) |
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The Agranular Cell Series |
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133 | (1) |
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Lymphocyte Origin and Function |
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134 | (3) |
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136 | (1) |
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The Travel Path of Lymphocytes |
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136 | (1) |
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Lymphocytes and the Development of Immunocompetency |
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137 | (1) |
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The Response of Lymphocytes to Antigenic Stimulation |
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137 | (1) |
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Lymphocyte Cell Markers and the Cluster Designation (CD) |
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137 | (1) |
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Leukocyte Count From the Complete Blood Cell Count to the Differential |
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137 | (6) |
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Manual Differential Versus Differential Scan |
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138 | (1) |
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Relative Versus Absolute Values |
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139 | (4) |
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Abnormalities of White Cells: Quantitative, Qualitative, and the Lipid Storage Diseases |
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143 | (16) |
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Introduction to the White Cell Disorders |
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144 | (1) |
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Quantitative Changes in the White Cells |
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144 | (1) |
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Conditions With Increased Neutrophils |
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144 | (1) |
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Conditions With Increased Eosinophils |
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144 | (1) |
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Conditions With Increased Basophils |
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144 | (1) |
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Conditions With Increased Monocytes |
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144 | (1) |
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Specific Terminology Relating to Quantitative White Cell Changes |
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144 | (1) |
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Stages of White Cell Phagocytosis |
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145 | (1) |
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Qualitative Defects of White Cells |
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145 | (4) |
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Toxic Changes in White Cells |
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146 | (2) |
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Nuclear Abnormalities: Hypersegmentation |
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148 | (1) |
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Hereditary White Cell Disorders |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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Alder's Anomaly (Alder-Reilly Anomaly) |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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Reactive Lymphocytosis in Common Disease States |
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150 | (1) |
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Other Sources of Reactive Lymphocytosis |
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150 | (1) |
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The Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome on Hematology Parameters |
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151 | (1) |
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Lipid Storage Diseases (Briefly) |
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152 | (1) |
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Common Features of a Few of the Lipid Storage Diseases |
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152 | (1) |
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Bone Marrow Cells in Lipid Storage Disorders |
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152 | (1) |
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Bacteria and Other Unexpected White Cell Changes |
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153 | (6) |
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159 | (28) |
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160 | (1) |
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Comparing Acute and Chronic Leukemia |
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160 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (14) |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (3) |
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166 | (9) |
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Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia |
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175 | (12) |
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175 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (3) |
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Prognosis in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia |
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179 | (8) |
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Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders |
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187 | (18) |
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Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia |
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189 | (3) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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Clinical Features and Symptoms |
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189 | (1) |
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Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia |
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192 | (1) |
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Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia |
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192 | (1) |
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192 | (2) |
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192 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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Clinical Features and Symptoms |
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192 | (1) |
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Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow Findings |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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Myelofibrosis With Myeloid Metaplasia |
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194 | (2) |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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Clinical Features and Symptoms |
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195 | (1) |
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Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow Findings |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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Essential Thrombocythemia |
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196 | (9) |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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Clinical Features and Symptoms |
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196 | (1) |
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Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow Findings |
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197 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (7) |
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Lymphoproliferative Disorders and Related Plasma Cell Disorders |
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205 | (14) |
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206 | (3) |
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Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (Briefly) |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (10) |
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Normal Plasma Cell Structure and Function |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (4) |
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Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia |
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214 | (5) |
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The Myelodysplastic Syndromes |
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219 | (10) |
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220 | (1) |
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Chromosomal Abnormalities |
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220 | (1) |
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Common Features and Clinical Symptoms |
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220 | (1) |
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How to Recognize Dysplasia |
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220 | (1) |
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Classification of the Myelodysplastic Syndromes |
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221 | (1) |
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Specific Features of the World Health Organization Classification |
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221 | (1) |
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Prognostic Factors and Clinical Management |
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222 | (7) |
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PART IV HEMOSTASIS AND DISORDERS OF COAGULATION |
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Overview of Hemostasis and Platelet Physiology |
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229 | (16) |
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History of Blood Coagulation |
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230 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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Mechanism of Vasoconstriction |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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Events Following Vascular Injury |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (3) |
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Platelets: An Introduction |
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232 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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Platelet Structure and Biochemistry |
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232 | (1) |
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Platelet Function and Kinetics |
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233 | (1) |
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Platelet Aggregation Principle |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (10) |
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Classification of Coagulation Factors |
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235 | (2) |
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Physiological Coagulation (In Vivo) |
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237 | (1) |
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Laboratory Model of Coagulation |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time |
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238 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (5) |
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Quantitative and Qualitative Platelet Disorders |
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245 | (12) |
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Quantitative Disorders of Platelets |
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246 | (3) |
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Thrombocytopenia Related to Sample Integrity/Preanalytic Variables |
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246 | (1) |
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Thrombocytopenia Related to Decreased Production |
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246 | (1) |
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Thrombocytopenia Related to Altered Distribution of Platelets |
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246 | (1) |
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Thrombocytopenia Related to the Immune Effect of Specific Drugs or Antibody Formation |
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246 | (1) |
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Thrombocytopenia Related to Consumption of Platelets |
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247 | (2) |
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249 | (1) |
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Inherited Qualitative Disorders of Platelets |
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249 | (2) |
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249 | (2) |
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251 | (1) |
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Acquired Defects of Platelet Function |
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251 | (1) |
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Vascular Disorders Leading to Platelet Dysfunction |
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252 | (5) |
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Defects of Plasma Clotting Factors |
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257 | (12) |
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Evaluation of a Bleeding Disorder and Types of Bleeding |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (11) |
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258 | (1) |
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Symptoms in the Hemophilia A Patient |
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258 | (2) |
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Laboratory Diagnosis of Hemophilia Patients |
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260 | (1) |
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Treatment for Hemophilia A Patients |
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261 | (1) |
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Quality of Life Issues for Hemophilia A Patients |
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261 | (1) |
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Hemophilia B or Christmas Disease |
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262 | (1) |
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Congenital Factor Deficiencies With Bleeding Manifestations |
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262 | (1) |
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Congenital Factor Deficiencies Where Bleeding Is Mild or Absent |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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Bleeding Secondary to a Chronic Disease Process |
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263 | (1) |
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The Role of Vitamin K in Hemostasis |
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263 | (1) |
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Vitamin K Deficiency and Subsequent Treatment |
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264 | (5) |
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Fibrinogen, Thrombin, and the Fibrinolytic System |
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269 | (12) |
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The Role of Fibrinogen in Hemostasis |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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The Unique Role of Thrombin in Hemostasis |
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271 | (3) |
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Physiological Activators of Fibrinolysis |
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272 | (1) |
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Naturally Occurring Inhibitors of Fibrinolysis |
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272 | (1) |
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Measurable Products of the Fibrinolytic System |
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273 | (1) |
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Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation |
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274 | (7) |
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The Mechanism of Acute Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation |
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274 | (1) |
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Clinical Symptoms and Laboratory Results in Acute Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation |
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275 | (1) |
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Treatment in Acute Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation |
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276 | (5) |
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Introduction to Thrombosis and Anticoagulant Therapy |
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281 | (16) |
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Physiological and Pathological Thrombosis |
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282 | (1) |
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Pathogenesis of Thrombosis |
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282 | (2) |
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282 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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Coagulation Abnormalities |
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283 | (1) |
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Fibrinolytic Abnormalities |
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283 | (1) |
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Antithrombotic Factors (Coagulation Inhibitors) |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (4) |
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Inherited Thrombotic Disorders |
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284 | (2) |
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Acquired Thrombotic Disorders |
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286 | (2) |
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Laboratory Diagnosis for Thrombotic Disorders |
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288 | (1) |
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288 | (9) |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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289 | (8) |
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PART V LABORATORY PROCEDURES |
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Basic Procedures in a Hematology Laboratory |
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297 | (34) |
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298 | (2) |
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298 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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Specimen Collection and Storage |
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299 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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Calculating Red Blood Cell Indices |
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300 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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Modified Westergren Sedimentation Rate |
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300 | (2) |
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300 | (1) |
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301 | (1) |
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Specimen Collection and Storage |
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301 | (1) |
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301 | (1) |
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301 | (1) |
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301 | (1) |
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301 | (1) |
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Conditions Associated With |
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302 | (1) |
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Manual Reticulocyte Procedure |
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302 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
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Specimen Collection and Storage |
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302 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
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Conditions Associated With |
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302 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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Reticulocyte Procedure With Miller Eye Disc |
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303 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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Specimen Collection and Storage |
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303 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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Conditions Associated With |
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304 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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Peripheral Smear Procedure |
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304 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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Specimen Collection and Storage |
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304 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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Performing a Manual Differential and Assessing Red Blood Cell Morphology |
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305 | (4) |
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305 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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Specimen Collection and Storage |
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305 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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306 | (3) |
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Unopette White Blood Cell/Platelet Count |
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309 | (3) |
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309 | (1) |
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310 | (1) |
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Specimen Collection and Storage |
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310 | (1) |
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310 | (1) |
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310 | (1) |
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Cell Counts and Calculations |
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311 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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Specimen Collection and Storage |
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312 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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Interpretation of Results and Result Reporting |
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312 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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Cerebrospinal Fluid/Body Fluid Cell Count and Differential |
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313 | (2) |
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313 | (1) |
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313 | (1) |
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Specimen Collection and Storage |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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Prothrombin Time and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time: Automated Procedure |
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315 | (3) |
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315 | (1) |
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315 | (1) |
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Specimen Collection and Storage |
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316 | (1) |
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316 | (1) |
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316 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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318 | (2) |
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318 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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Specimen Collection and Storage |
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319 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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An Approach to Interpreting Automated Hematology Data |
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320 | (6) |
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321 | (1) |
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322 | (4) |
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Flow Cytometry: The Basics in Hematology Interpretation |
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326 | (5) |
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327 | (1) |
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327 | (1) |
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Data Interpretation: One Role for the Medical Technologist |
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|
327 | (1) |
|
Flow Cytometry Case Studies |
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|
328 | (3) |
Answers to
Chapter Review Questions |
|
331 | (6) |
| Index |
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337 | |
