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El. knyga: Language and Communication: Comparative Perspectives

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The result of a conference on language and related cognitive processes in animals, this book brings together scientists working on language and communication, reviews research done on language in apes and dolphins, and places this work in a larger perspective of animal communication and cognition. The conference convened an international group of distinguished scientists interested in exploring the neurological, cognitive, social, and behavioral aspects of communication in animals. A broad spectrum of perspectives was represented, including naturalistic investigations of animals in their natural habitat as well as strictly controlled laboratory investigations. Similarly, a broad range of species was described including rats, parrots, monkeys, apes, dolphins, and humans.

New methodologies and perspectives are continuously emerging that allow consideration of issues that previously could not be resolved. Emerging technology such as video equipment and advanced database systems allow one to exhaustively record in an accessible format the evidence on which scientific conclusions must be based. Investigation of animal language and communication is a small, but vigorously exciting area of scientific investigation as the chapters in this volume clearly attest.

Recenzijos

"...provides an excellent summary of the key conceptual issues in comparative language studies....graduate students shopping around for a thesis project relevant to language evolution should read this volume." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

"The editors are to be congratulated on recruiting and organizing a first-rate crew of authors. Every single chapter held my interest....Old-time comparative psychologists would be utterly amazed by the data." Contemporary Psychology

1 Cognitive Processing in Artificial Language Research 1(24)
Herbert L. Roitblat
Heidi E. Harley
and David A. Helweg
Animal language research and its controversies
2(4)
The value of animal language research
6(2)
Some general issues in cognitive processing
8(1)
Meaning and reference
9(3)
Syntax
12(5)
Pragmatics
17(2)
Conclusion
19(6)
2 Beyond Animal Language 25(20)
Gary Bradshaw
The path to language
28(2)
Limitations of the Signature Characteristic Strategy
30(4)
Beyond Animal Language
34(5)
Conclusion
39(6)
3 Similarities and Differences in Human and Animal 4Language Research: Toward a Comparative Psychology of Language 45(20)
Stan A. Kuczaj II
Virginia M. Kirkpatrick
What is the study of language?
45(3)
Is human language an appropriate standard for comparative language research?
48(1)
Questions generated by the human language standard
49(1)
What are the language units of various language systems?
50(2)
How meaningful are the symbolic units of various language systems?
52(3)
Do nonhuman language systems involve syntax?
55(2)
What functions do the languages of other species serve?
57(1)
Concluding remarks
58(7)
4 Knowing How to Use Language: Developing a Rapprochement Between Two Theoretical Traditions 65(20)
William Bechtel
Symbol processing versus associationism
66(2)
Ryle's distinction between knowing how and knowing that
68(1)
The promise of connectionism to explain knowing how
69(6)
The contribution of animal language research
75(6)
Conclusion
81(4)
5 A Proposal for Computer Modeling of Animal Linguistic Comprehension 85(10)
Earl Hunt
The theoretical issue raised by animal linguistic comprehension
85(10)
6 Language Acquisition and the Power of Expression 95(20)
Lois Bloom
he "tool use" metaphor
98(1)
Language as expression
99(2)
Language, emotion, and cognition
101(3)
Expression of beliefs, desires, and feelings
104(1)
Allocating cognitive resources for emotional expression and words
105(10)
7 Animal Language Research Needs a Broader Comparative and Evolutionary Framework 115(38)
Peter L. Tyack
The evolution of domain specific cognitive processes
117(7)
Capability versus skill
124(1)
Problems in applying language analogies to animals
125(4)
Vocal learning and imitation
129(2)
Signature whistles in wild dolphins
131(3)
Vocal imitation in adult captive dolphins
134(2)
Do dolphins imitate signature whistles to call specific individuals?
136(2)
Ethological suggestions for animal language research
138(15)
8 Frequency-modulated Whistles as a Medium for Communication with the Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) 153(22)
John Sigurdson
Method
156(14)
Conclusions
170(5)
9 linguistic Phenomena in the Natural Communication of Animals 175(20)
Charles T. Snowdon
Phonetic variation and categorization
177(4)
Social components of communication
181(3)
Syntax
184(2)
Referential communication
186(3)
Summary and conclusions
189(6)
10 Meaning, Reference, and Intentionality in the Natural Vocalizations of Monkeys 195(26)
Robert M. Seyfarth
Dorothy L. Cheney
Subjects 1% Semanticity in the weakest sense
197(4)
Semanticity in a stronger sense
201(8)
Semanticity in the strongest sense
209(5)
Summary
214(7)
11 Cognition and Communication in an African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus): Studies on a Nonhuman, Nonprimate, Nonmammallan Subject 221(28)
Irene Maxine Pepperberg
Background
221(8)
Experimental design
229(2)
Behaviors during training
231(2)
Testing procedures
233(2)
Results and discussion
235(2)
Concluding remarks
237(12)
12 Behavior Control by Exclusion and Attempts at Establishing Semanticity in Marine Mammals Using Match-to-sample Paradigms 249(26)
Ronald J. Schusterman
Robert Gisiner
Brigit K. Grimm
Evelyn B. Hanggi
Control by Exclusion
253(15)
A Hypothetical experiment on semantic comprehension: Harbor seal and stimulus equivalence
268(2)
General discussion
270(5)
13 Auditory Sequence Complexity and Hemispheric Asymmetry of Function In Rats 275(18)
Kevin N. O'Connor
Herbert L. Roitblat
and Thomas G. Bever
Method
277(3)
Results
280(8)
Summary and discussion
288(5)
14 Hemispheric Priming as a Technique in the Study of Lateralized Cognitive Processes in Chimpanzees: Some Recent Findings 293(18)
William D. Hopkins
Robin D. Morris
Methodological issues
296(3)
Statistical issues
299(3)
The time course of hemispheric activation
302(3)
Summary and conclusion.
305(6)
15 Cognitive Factors Affecting Comprehension of Gesture Language Signs: A Brief Comparison of Dolphins and Humans 311(18)
Palmer Morrel-Samuels
Louis M. Herman
Artificial gestural language
311(1)
General features of gesture recognition
312(4)
Cerebral asymmetry during gesture recognition
316(13)
16 Chimpanzee Competence for Comprehension Video-formatted Task Situation 329(18)
Duane M. Rumbaugh
William Hopkins
David A. Washburn
and E. Sue Savage-Rumbaugh
Perceptions of quantities
333(14)
17 Acquisition of Personal Pronouns by a Chimpanzee 347(18)
Shoji Itakura
Tetsuro Matsuzawa
Discrimination of the letters of the alphabet
348(1)
Individual recognition
348(1)
Description of the subject and the object of action
349(2)
Acquisition of personal pronouns
351(8)
Discussion and conclusions
359(6)
18 "Language Training" and its Role in the Expression of Tacit Propositional Knowledge by Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) 365(20)
Roger K.R. Thompson
David L. Oden
A profound disparity?
365(2)
Representational differences between physical and relational matching
367(3)
Evidence for tacit if not explicit propositional knowledge in infant chimpanzees
370(1)
The chimpanzee infants and their general environment
370(1)
Matching training and testing
371(2)
Perceptual sensitivity to physical and relational similarities and differences
373(4)
Explicit training on relational matching
377(2)
What does language training do?
379(6)
19 The Effects of Language on Information Processing and Abstract Concept Learning in Dolphins, Monkeys, and Humans 385(18)
Melissa R. Shyan
Anthony A. Wright
Evidence from dolphin and human comparative research
386(6)
Evidence from monkey and human comparative research
392(4)
Where do we go from here?
396(2)
Conclusions
398(5)
20 Representational and Conceptual Skills of Dolphins 403(40)
Louis M. Herman
Adam A. Pack
Palmer Monet-Samuels
Receptive language competencies
404(10)
Behavioral mimicry: Imitating the behavior of a model
414(7)
Matching-to-sample
421(7)
Conclusions
428(15)
21 A Bottlenosed Dolphin's Responses to Anomalous, Sequences Expressed Within an Artificial Gestural Language 443(14)
Mark D. Holder
Louis M. Herman
Stanley Kuczaj II
The use of anomalous sequences in language research
444(1)
Akeakamai's language and the construction of anomalous sequences
445(1)
Testing responses to anomalous sequences
446(3)
Relational anomalies
449(2)
Nonrelational anomalies
451(2)
Responses to sequences given by a naive signer
453(1)
Summary
454(3)
22 Language Learnability in Man, Ape, and Dolphin 457
E.S. Savage-Rumbaugh
The strong-L learning view
458(1)
Reference and syntax
459(3)
Receptive and productive competence
462(2)
Critical differences between dolphin and child linguistic experience
464(3)
A theory of language acquisition
467(2)
Summary
469
Herbert L. Roitblat, Louis M. Herman, Paul E. Nachtigall
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