| Preface |
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xiii | |
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Chapter 1 Introduction: Nanobiotechnology and Bionanotechnology |
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1 | (16) |
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1.1 Classical Biotechnology: Industrial Production Using Biological Systems |
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2 | (1) |
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1.2 Modern Biotechnology: From Industrial Processes to Novel Therapeutics |
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3 | (1) |
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1.3 Modern Biotechnology: Immunological, Enzymatic, and Nucleic Acid-Based Technology |
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4 | (2) |
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1.4 The Interface Between Nanotechnology and Biotechnology: Bionanotechnology |
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6 | (2) |
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1.5 Supramolecular (Bio)Chemistry: The Theoretical Basis for Self-Assembly |
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8 | (1) |
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1.6 The Next Steps for Self-Association at the Nano-Scale |
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9 | (2) |
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1.7 Biology in Nanotechnology and Nano-Sciences in Biotechnology |
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11 | (2) |
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1.8 The Combination of Bionanotechnology and Nanobiotechnology |
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13 | (1) |
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1.9 Nanobionics and Bio-Inspired Nanotechnology |
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14 | (3) |
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Chapter 2 A Brief Introduction to Nanotechnology |
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17 | (14) |
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2.1 The Emergence of Nanotechnology: "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom" |
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17 | (2) |
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2.2 Coining the Term "Nanotechnology" and the Emergence of the Nanotechnology Concept |
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19 | (1) |
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2.3 Manipulating Molecules: The Scanning Probe Microscopes |
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19 | (3) |
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2.4 Carbon Fullerene: A New Form of Carbon |
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22 | (2) |
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2.5 Carbon Nanotubes: Key Building Blocks for Future Nanotechnological Applications |
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24 | (2) |
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2.6 A Single Layer of Carbon: Graphene |
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26 | (1) |
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2.7 Non-Carbon Nanotubes and Fullerene-Like Material: The Inorganic Nanomaterials |
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26 | (2) |
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2.8 Quantum Dots and Other Nanoparticles |
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28 | (2) |
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2.9 Nanowires, Nanorods, and Other Nanomaterials |
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30 | (1) |
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2.10 Magnetic Nanoparticles |
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30 | (1) |
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Chapter 3 Natural Biological Assembly at the Nanometric Scale |
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31 | (22) |
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3.1 The Process of Self-Assembly and Self-Organization in Biology |
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31 | (1) |
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3.2 Organization of Bacterial S-Layers |
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32 | (2) |
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3.3 Self-Organization of Viruses |
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34 | (3) |
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3.4 Self-Organization of Phospholipid Membranes |
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37 | (2) |
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3.5 Fibrillar Cytoskeleton Assemblies |
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39 | (3) |
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3.6 Nucleic Acids: The Genetic Information Media and a Template for Nanotechnological Applications |
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42 | (1) |
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3.7 Oligosaccharides and Polysaccharides: Another Class of Biological Polymers |
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43 | (1) |
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3.8 Amyloid Fibrils as Self-Assembled Nano-Scale Bio-Assemblies |
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44 | (2) |
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3.9 Silk: Natural Fibrillar Supramolecular Protein Assembly |
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46 | (1) |
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3.10 Ribosome: The Protein Assembly Line Instrument |
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46 | (1) |
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3.11 Other Complex Machines in the Genetic Code Expression |
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47 | (1) |
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3.12 Protein Quality-Control Machinery: The Proteasome |
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48 | (1) |
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3.13 Biological Nano-Motors: Kinesin and Dynein |
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48 | (1) |
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3.14 Other Nano-Motors: Flagella and Cilia |
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49 | (1) |
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3.15 Ion Channels: Nano-Pores of High Specificity |
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50 | (3) |
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Chapter 4 Nanometric Biological Assemblies: Molecular and Chemical Basis for Interaction |
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53 | (10) |
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4.1 Emergence of Biological Activity through Self-Assembly |
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53 | (1) |
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4.2 Molecular Recognition and Chemical Affinity |
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54 | (2) |
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4.3 Affinity and Specificity of Biological Interactions |
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56 | (1) |
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4.4 The Relation between Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Dissociation |
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56 | (3) |
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4.5 The Chemical Basis for Molecular Recognition and Specific Binding |
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59 | (1) |
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4.6 The Formation of Specific Complexes by an Increase in Entropy |
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59 | (4) |
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Chapter 5 Molecular Recognition and the Assembly of Biological Structures |
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63 | (8) |
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5.1 Antibodies as the Molecular Sensors of Recognition |
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63 | (2) |
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5.2 Selection of Antibodies and Equivalent Systems in the Test Tube |
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65 | (2) |
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5.3 Recognition between Nucleic Acids by Proteins |
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67 | (1) |
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5.4 Interaction between Receptors and Ligands |
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68 | (1) |
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5.5 Molecular Recognition between Nucleic Acids |
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69 | (1) |
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69 | (2) |
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Chapter 6 Self-Assembly of Biological and Bio-Inspired Nanomaterials |
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71 | (18) |
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6.1 Formation of DNA-Based Materials |
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71 | (2) |
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6.2 Assembly of Peptide-Based Nanomaterials |
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73 | (2) |
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6.3 The First Peptide Nanotubes |
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75 | (2) |
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6.4 Amphiphile and Surfactant-Like Peptide Building Blocks |
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77 | (2) |
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6.5 Charge Complementary as a Driving Force for Self-Assembly |
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79 | (1) |
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6.6 Conjugation of Peptides for Self-Assembly |
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80 | (2) |
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6.7 Aromatic Interactions for the Formation of Nano-Structures |
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82 | (1) |
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6.8 The Formation of Aromatic Dipeptide Nanotubes (ADNT) |
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82 | (3) |
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6.9 The Formation of Spherical Nano-Structures by Short Peptides |
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85 | (2) |
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6.10 Helical Peptide Building Blocks |
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87 | (1) |
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6.11 Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) |
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87 | (2) |
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Chapter 7 Application of Biological Assemblies in Nanotechnology |
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89 | (16) |
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7.1 The Use of S-Layers for Nanolithography |
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89 | (1) |
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7.2 The Use of DNA for Fabrication of Conductive Nanowires |
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90 | (4) |
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7.3 Amyloid Fibrils as Templates for Nanowire Fabrication |
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94 | (1) |
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7.4 Metallization of Actin Filaments by Chemical Modification |
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95 | (2) |
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7.5 The Use of Aromatic Peptide Nanotubes |
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97 | (1) |
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7.6 Bacteriophages as Novel Biomaterials |
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98 | (1) |
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7.7 The Use of Peptide Templates for Biomineralization |
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99 | (2) |
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7.8 Production of Inorganic Composite Nanomaterials |
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101 | (2) |
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7.9 The Utilization of Biomineralization in Nanotechnology |
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103 | (2) |
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Chapter 8 Medical and Other Applications of Bionanotechnology |
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105 | (14) |
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8.1 The Use of Drug Nanocrystals for Improved Application |
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105 | (1) |
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8.2 The Use of Nano-Containers for Drug Delivery |
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106 | (3) |
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8.3 The Use of Inorganic Nanowires for Biological Detection |
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109 | (2) |
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8.4 The Use of Soft Lithography for Biotechnology |
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111 | (2) |
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8.5 Contrast Agents by Nanomagnetic Materials |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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8.7 Water Technology and Nanotechnology |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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8.9 Solar Energy Applications |
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117 | (2) |
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Chapter 9 Future Prospects for Nanobiotechnology and Bionanotechnology |
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119 | (8) |
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9.1 The Marriage of Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology |
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119 | (1) |
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9.2 The Engineering of Modified Biological Systems for the Assembly of Nano-Structures |
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120 | (1) |
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9.3 Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering |
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121 | (2) |
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9.4 Engineering of the Brain Tissue |
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123 | (2) |
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9.5 Making Artificial Biological Inorganic Composites |
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125 | (1) |
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9.6 Nanobio Machines and Nano-Robots |
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125 | (2) |
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Chapter 10 Concluding Remarks: The Prospects and Dangers of the Nanobiological Revolution |
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127 | (6) |
| Appendix A There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom: An Invitation to Enter a New Field of Physics |
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133 | (18) |
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| Appendix B List of Bionanotechnological and Nanobiotechnological Companies |
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151 | (12) |
| Appendix C Glossary |
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163 | (6) |
| Bibliography |
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169 | (20) |
| Index |
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189 | |
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