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El. knyga: Politics and Resistance of Coal in Australia and India: Climate Justice Activism in the Global North and South

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"This book provides an in-depth, ethnography-based comparison of environmentalism in the global North and South through movement case studies situated in Australia and India. Environmentalism, consisting of a set of ideologies, politics and imperatives towards resisting environmental destruction, is known to be realised differently between movements arising from different societies within the same geography. To demonstrate this, Ruchira Talukdar investigates the similarities and differences in anti-coal environmentalism through an ethnographic study of movements in Australia and India. She not only explores the politics, narratives, strategies and dynamics within environmental movements, but also their collaboration with the issue of Indigenous lands andrights on the frontline of coal extraction in both countries. The Stop Adani movement in Australia and its collaboration with the Wangan and Jagalingou and Farmers resisting the Galilee Basin coalmines in Queensland is critically compared with an anti-coal movement of Greenpeace and local forest-based communities in Mahan in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Overall, the book frames conceptual tools for students, research scholars and activists for intersectional environmentalism across the global North-South divide. The conclusions are particularly crucial to understand and counteract the dominance of Northern environmentalisms' perspectives and make global environmentalism intersectional, decolonial, and representative. The author's unique vantage point and work experience in environmental activism over 20 years across India and Australia, combined with an extensive and immersive ethnographic fieldwork in both countries, make this a great resource for students, scholars and practitioners withan interest in climate justice, environmental politics and environmental activism"--

Based on ethnographic and historic research in Australia and India, this book compares the politics and resistance to coal in the two countries, particularly focusing on the time period between 2009 and 2018, and the case of the Carmichael coalmine in Queensland and the Mahan coalmine in central India.



Since 2009, international climate activism has focused on stopping coalmining in solidarity with local and Indigenous struggles that are resisting coalmining. Based on ethnographic and historic research in Australia and India, this book compares the politics and resistance to coal in the two countries, particularly focusing on the time period between 2009 and 2018, and the case of the Carmichael coalmine in Queensland and the Mahan coalmine in central India.

This book shows differences and similarities in the political economy of coal and creates understanding about the significantly different imperatives and narratives of anti-coal environmentalism, in Australia and India. Through the Stop Adani movement and its collaboration with the Wangan and Jagalingou Traditional Owners and farmers against coalmining in Queensland, and Greenpeace and forest-based communities resisting coalmining in Madhya Pradesh, Ruchira Talukdar not only explores anti-coal movement dynamics but also how these movements grapple with the violation of Indigenous land rights through coal extraction, in both places. Drawing on differences and patterns in Australian and Indian anti-coal activisms, this book proposes a global outlook – an intersectional framework beyond the singularity of ‘stopping coal’ that can encapsulate visions for secure futures of communities on the frontlines of fossil fuel struggles – for climate activism. The conclusions help to decolonize climate activism as well as make it cognizant of global North-South contextual differences for effective solidarity.

The author’s unique vantage point through experience in environmental activism over 20 years across Australia and India combined with research in both countries, makes this book a crucial resource for scholars and practitioners in just transition, climate politics and environmental activism across the global North and South.

 

Recenzijos

Impeccably researched, Ruchira Talukdars book is a timely contribution to the ongoing debates on coal in two most coal dependent countries of the world: India and Australia. This book is far greater than the poisoning curse of coal; it offers a passionate and devastating critique of dirty coal, and an enriching analysis of the resistances and different approaches to decarbonisation in these two countries. A fine book, immensely significant in shaping how the world will think about just transition.

Kuntala Lahiri-Dutt, Professor in Resource, Environment and Development, The Australian National University

One of the provocative aspects of this book is the ultimate moral argument that combines human rights and land justice. This argument is quite significant. Human rights alone can fail to link with anti-colonial, resurgence, abolition, and other land-based social justice movements. Ruchira Talukdar makes a brilliant connection between human rights and land rights, and offers a solution to what are problematic rhetoric, policies, and proposals that privilege human rights against the deeper aspirations of many communities and populations suffering from injustice, and facing risks from climate change and climate change drivers. There are very few studies comparing northern and southern environmentalisms, placing historic and contemporary environmentalism in both contexts in cross-communication.

Kyle Whyte, George Willis Pack Professor and University Diversity and Social Transformation Professor, University of Michigan

In this meticulous and in-depth investigation of anti-coal politics in Australia and India, Ruchira Talukdar shows us the power of subsistence communities in India and Indigenous peoples in Australia in slowing the pace of coal mine expansion and driving the shift towards renewable energy. While often on the frontline of coal extractivism tied to human rights abuses, destruction of Country and exposure to environmental pollutants subsistence and Indigenous communities are also the front line of its resistance. At times this resistance lines up alongside the environment movement; and other times it does not. This book comprehensively draws out the continuities and discontinuities between these rights-based campaigns and the broader environment movement. In so doing, it exposes how national and global environment movements sometimes sideline and/or silence a rights-based agenda as they seek to meet their own goals.

By giving voice to the environmentalism of the poor in India and Indigenous rights in Australia, this book demonstrates why centring rights, including Indigenous rights, will be vital to achieve social justice and environmental responsibility in a decarbonised world. Everyone aspiring for a climate just future should read this book. And those of us in the environment movement should definitely down tools long enough to read this book and let its message soak in; then pick our tools back up just a little more carefully.

Kristen Lyons, Professor in Environment and Development Sociology, University of Queensland

Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction A comparative ethnography of anti-coal activism in
Australia and India

1. Research case studies and questions

2. Research approach, methods, materials and structure

3. Book chapters and literatures

Chapter 2: Environmentalism of the global North and South: historic divisions
and potential for common ground

1. A critique of wilderness-centric Northern environmentalism

2. Australian environmentalism

3. Indian environmentalism

4. Environmentalisms divisions and common ground in the climate era

Chapter 3: Environmentalism of the poor in neoliberal India

1. Constitutional democracy

2. How the postcolonial State shaped Indian environmentalism

3. How the neoliberal State shapes environmentalism of the poor

4. Environmentalism of the poor in neoliberal India

Analysis: Environmentalisms journey from democratising development to
dissent as democracy

Chapter 4: Countering coal in India: politics of the Mahan coal mine

Background: Greenpeaces activism in India

1. Political economy of coal in India

2. Politics and resistance of the Mahan coalmine (2010-2014)

3. State crackdown and fight back by Greenpeace (2014-2016)

Analysis: Countering coal through asserting democratic rights

Chapter 5: An anti-coal movement in Indias energy capital

Background: discontent and displacement in Singrauli

1. Use and abuse of the Forest Rights Act

2. Formation of the Mahan Sangharsh Samiti

3. State-corporate nexus in Mahan

4. An unusual alliance and its resistance

5. A celebration of peoples forest rights

Analysis: Significance of forest rights in Indias energy capital

Chapter 6: Environmentalism in the era of Australias minerals boom

1. Contradictions and unevenness of the Australian State

2. Minerals boom and contradictions of the Australian State

3. Narratives, politics and alliances of environmentalism during the resource
boom

Analysis: Environmentalisms transformation to End(ing) Coal!

Chapter 7: Countering coal in Australia: the politics of the Carmichael
coalmine

1. Political economy of coal in Australia

2. Environmental politics of the Carmichael coalmine (2012-2018)

3. Land rights politics of the Carmichael coalmine (2010-2018)

Analysis: Countering coalmining through various scales of contestations

Chapter 8: Resistances from coals new frontier in the Galilee Basin in
Central Queensland

Background: Settler colonialism in the in the Galilee Basin

1. Tactics of anti-coal environmentalism

2. Rural discontent over coal and Farmers for Climate Action

3. We meet at the crossroad: Wangan and Jagalingous alliances

Analysis: The significance of countering Adani from Central Queensland

Chapter 9: A global outlook for anti-coal climate justice activism

1. Varieties of climate justice

2. Green relations with Indigenous and farmers groups

3. Indigenous land rights and resistances compared

4. Coal politics and environmental campaigns in Australia and India

5. Discussion: Possibilities and challenges in building a North-South
intersectional outlook for environmentalism

6. Contributions to Political Ecology and Environmental Justice Research

Conclusion

Index
Ruchira Talukdar has worked in environment movement in India and Australia, in Greenpeace, Australian Conservation Foundation and Friends of the Earth, for two decades. Her research and writing focusses on comparative aspects of climate justice between the global North and South, with specific reference to Australia and South Asia. Her PhD thesis compared the politics and resistance to coal in Australia and India. Ruchira co-founded Sapna South Asian Climate Solidarity, a climate justice project based out of Australia, for effective global North solidarity for just climate futures in the global South. She is based out of Melbourne and Calcutta.
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