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El. knyga: Principle of Loyalty in EU Law

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(Legal Officer, European Commission)
  • Formatas: 352 pages
  • Serija: Oxford Studies in European Law
  • Išleidimo metai: 16-Jan-2014
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780191505645
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Principle of Loyalty in EU LawDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: 352 pages
  • Serija: Oxford Studies in European Law
  • Išleidimo metai: 16-Jan-2014
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780191505645
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This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Despite its seemingly innocuous wording, in what is now Article 4 (3) TEU, the principle of loyalty has had a significant impact in deepening the reach of EU law within the Member States. The duty of sincere cooperation has been interpreted strongly by the European Courts as imposing serious duties on States to give strong effect to European legal acts. The principle has been central to the development of Union law since the 1960s, and is still being relied on by the European Court of Justice to often-controversial effect.

Providing a thorough discussion of the principle of loyalty in EU law, this book introduces a novel classification of the very diverse roles loyalty plays in the EU. It distinguishes between the effects loyalty prescribes for interlocking the legal orders of the Member States with Union law, its application in preventing and resolving conflicts between the Union and the Member States, and the loyalty principle's role in the shaping of EU law. It addresses important and yet unresolved questions pertaining to loyalty, such as its relation to the principles of solidarity, pre-emption, the Union interest, institutional balance, and the unity of international representation. The book explains why loyalty has been neglected in the prevailing narratives about the foundational case law of the European Court of Justice, and highlights its central importance to understanding EU public law.

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Part of the OAPEN-UK project
Table of Cases
xiii
Table of Instruments
xxi
Introduction 1(8)
1 The Background
1(1)
2 Caveats as Regards Perspective and Methodology
2(2)
3 The System Applied in this Study
4(5)
I Introducing Loyalty
1 Loyalty in the EU Treaties
9(22)
1 Introduction
9(1)
2 Loyalty before the Lisbon Treaty
10(1)
3 The Lisbon Treaty Amendments
11(2)
4 Specifications of Article 4 (3) TEU in the Treaties
13(6)
5 Loyalty and National Identities
19(3)
6 The Vectors of the Application of Loyalty
22(7)
7 Conclusion
29(2)
2 Loyalty in Context
31(32)
1 Introduction
31(2)
2 Some Remarks on Terminology
33(2)
3 Distinguishing the Union Principle of Solidarity
35(6)
4 The Relation with the Principles of Good Faith and pacta sunt servanda
41(6)
5 Federal Fidelity in the European Union
47(14)
6 Conclusion
61(2)
3 Loyalty and the Constitutionalization of EU Law
63(22)
1 Introduction
63(1)
2 Loyalty in the Literature
64(7)
3 The Foundational Case Law Re-assessed
71(9)
4 The Way Loyalty Has Been Used by the Court in the Foundational Case Law
80(3)
5 Conclusion
83(2)
Conclusion of the Introductory Part
84(1)
II The Cohesion Of European Union Law
Introduction
85(2)
4 A Primer on the Structure of Union Law
87(14)
1 Introduction
87(1)
2 The Unity of National Law and Union Law
88(4)
3 The (Inner) Unity of the Union Legal Order
92(7)
4 Conclusion
99(2)
5 Supremacy, Pre-emption, and the Union Interest
101(24)
1 Introduction
101(1)
2 Some Thoughts on the Nature of Supremacy
101(4)
3 Duties Unrelated to Supremacy Flowing from Secondary Law
105(5)
4 Duties Unrelated to Supremacy Flowing from Preparatory Legal Acts
110(5)
5 Do We Need a Concept of Pre-emption in Union Law?
115(7)
6 The Union Interest
122(1)
7 Conclusion
123(2)
6 Effectiveness, Judicial Protection, and Loyalty
125(16)
1 Introduction
125(1)
2 The Principle of Effectiveness and the Enforcement of Individual Rights
126(5)
3 Effectiveness and Compliance by the Member States
131(2)
4 Effectiveness, Effective Judicial Protection, and Indirect Effect
133(3)
5 Effectiveness, Effective Judicial Protection, and Duties of Abstention
136(1)
6 Conclusion
137(4)
Conclusion of the Part on Cohesion
139(2)
III Cooperation In The European Union
Introduction
141(2)
7 A Primer on Union Competences
143(18)
1 Codification in the Lisbon Treaty
143(1)
2 Three Categories of Competences
144(2)
3 The General System of External Powers of the Union After Lisbon
146(1)
4 Exclusive Competences
147(10)
5 Non-exclusive Competences
157(2)
6 Conclusion
159(2)
8 Loyalty and Non-exclusive Competences
161(12)
1 Introduction
161(1)
2 Loyalty and `Regular' Shared Competences
161(2)
3 Loyalty and `Irregular Shared Competences'
163(4)
4 Loyalty and Supporting Competences
167(4)
5 Conclusion
171(2)
9 Manifestations of Loyalty in Secondary Law
173(10)
1 Introduction
173(1)
2 Non-supervisory Notification Obligations
174(1)
3 Supervisory Notification Obligations on Technical Standards
175(2)
4 Hybrid: The Services Directive
177(1)
5 Prohibitions of Frustration and Transitional Periods
178(1)
6 `Managed' Preclusion of Member States
179(3)
7 Conclusion
182(1)
10 Loyalty and Mixed Agreements
183(26)
1 Introduction
183(2)
2 Competence and Mixed Agreements
185(3)
3 The General Application of Loyalty to Mixed Agreements
188(2)
4 Loyalty and the Requirement of Unity
190(2)
5 Loyalty and the Conclusion of Mixed Agreements
192(3)
6 Loyalty and Declarations of Competence
195(2)
7 Loyalty and Common Positions
197(5)
8 Loyalty and the Ratification of Mixed Agreements
202(1)
9 Loyalty and the Interpretation and Implementation of Mixed Agreements
203(3)
10 Conclusion
206(3)
Conclusion of the Part on Cooperation
207(2)
IV The Construction Of The European Union
Introduction
209(2)
11 A Primer on Cooperation and Constitutional Conflict in the European Union
211(22)
1 Introduction
211(1)
2 Preliminary References and Other Interactions Between Courts in the EU
212(3)
3 Loyalty, Institutional Balance, and Conflicts of Legal Basis
215(2)
4 The Relationship Between the ECJ and the Union Legislature
217(8)
5 Constitutional Conflicts Between EU Law and Member State Legal Regimes
225(7)
6 Conclusion
232(1)
12 On the Nature of Loyalty
233(19)
1 Introduction
233(1)
2 Loyalty as an Independent Source of Obligations
234(7)
3 Loyalty as a General Principle of Union Law
241(8)
4 Conclusion
249(1)
5 Interim Summary of the Roles of Loyalty in EU Law
250(2)
13 Deconstructing Loyalty
252(23)
1 Introduction
252(1)
2 Evaluation Criteria for the Reasoning of the Court
253(8)
3 Loyalty, Effectiveness, and effet utile
261(6)
4 Loyalty and Self-referential Reasoning
267(6)
5 Conclusion
273(2)
14 Amplification and the Limits of Loyalty
275(26)
1 Introduction
275(1)
2 The Amplification of Provisions of Primary and Secondary Law
276(4)
3 Loyalty, the Prohibition of Discrimination, and Inter se Treaties
280(6)
4 The Amplification of Internal Union Rules
286(2)
5 The Html Case
288(2)
6 The Limits to Amplification
290(11)
Conclusion of the Part on Construction
297(1)
Final Remarks
298(3)
References 301(24)
Index 325
Marcus Klamert is a legal officer with the Executive Office for Constitutional Matters of the Austrian Federal Chancellery and a lecturer at the Vienna University of Economics and Business. He was previously a Legal Officer with the European Commission (DG SANCO), Senior Lecturer at the Institute for European and International Law at the Vienna University of Economics and Business (WU), Fellow of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (APART), Visiting Fellow at the Institute of European and Comparative Law (IECL) at the University of Oxford, Visiting Fellow at the Law Department of the European University Institute (EUI), and has practised as an Associate with Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer in Vienna. He holds a PhD from the University of Vienna, and a Masters from the University of Amsterdam. He has published on external relations, the effect of directives, European constitutional law, and the fundamental freedoms.
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