Preface to the third edition |
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xxv | |
Preface to the first edition |
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xxvii | |
Guide to the Spotlights series |
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xxix | |
Guide to the website |
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xxxi | |
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xxxiii | |
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xxxix | |
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Table of European legislation |
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xliv | |
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Table of international legislation |
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xlv | |
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Table of statutory instruments |
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xlvi | |
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1 | (22) |
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1 | (1) |
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1.1 The nature of Public Law |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (4) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.3.4 Motivation and engagement |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (6) |
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1.4.1 Basic research -- research with a reading list |
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8 | (1) |
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1.4.2 Extended research -- research going beyond the reading list |
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9 | (1) |
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1.4.3 Additional research -- using general searches |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (2) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (3) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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1.7.3.1 Common errors and how to avoid them |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (3) |
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23 | (28) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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2.2 Who's who in the UK state (and what do they do?) |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (2) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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2.7 Case study on law and policy in the UK state |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (4) |
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2.9 The structure of Government |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (2) |
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2.11 Cabinet and ministers |
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37 | (7) |
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37 | (4) |
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41 | (1) |
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2.11.3 Government Departments |
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42 | (2) |
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44 | (1) |
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2.12 Controls on executive power |
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44 | (2) |
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46 | (3) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (2) |
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3 Parliament And Legislation |
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51 | (28) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (4) |
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3.2.1 Who can vote in a General Election? |
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53 | (3) |
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56 | (3) |
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3.3.1 First past the post |
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56 | (1) |
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3.3.2 The integrity of elections |
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57 | (2) |
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3.4 The United Kingdom Parliament |
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59 | (2) |
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3.4.1 Life of a Parliament |
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59 | (2) |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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3.5.2 The nature of the MP's role |
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61 | (1) |
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3.6 The role of the House of Commons -- scrutiny |
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62 | (5) |
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3.6.1 Scrutiny and democracy |
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63 | (1) |
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3.6.2 Methods of scrutiny |
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64 | (1) |
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3.6.3 Scrutiny and Select Committees |
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65 | (2) |
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67 | (4) |
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67 | (2) |
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3.7.2 Role of the House of Lords |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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3.8 The legislative process |
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71 | (5) |
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72 | (3) |
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3.8.2 Private Members' Bills |
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75 | (1) |
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3.9 Delegated legislation |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (2) |
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79 | (38) |
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79 | (1) |
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4.1 The scope of Constitutional Law |
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80 | (3) |
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4.2 What is a constitution? |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (2) |
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4.4 Classifying constitutions |
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86 | (1) |
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4.4.1 Codified and uncodified |
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86 | (1) |
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4.5 Why does the UK not have a codified constitution? |
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87 | (1) |
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4.6 Other classifications |
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88 | (5) |
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4.6.1 Monarchical/republican |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (3) |
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4.7 Codified constitutions |
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93 | (3) |
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4.8 Consequences of having a codified constitution |
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96 | (3) |
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4.9 The UK System in comparison with codified constitutions |
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99 | (1) |
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4.10 Uncodified constitutions |
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100 | (1) |
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4.11 Objections to the uncodified approach |
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101 | (3) |
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104 | (1) |
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4.13 Sources of the UK constitution |
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105 | (4) |
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107 | (1) |
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4.13.2 Retained European Union Law |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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4.13.5 International Agreements |
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109 | (1) |
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4.13.6 Constitutional Conventions |
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109 | (1) |
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4.14 Is the UK constitution fit for purpose? |
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109 | (2) |
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4.15 Benefits and problems of a codified constitution |
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111 | (1) |
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4.16 Should the UK have a codified constitution? |
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112 | (2) |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (3) |
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5 Constitutional Conventions |
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117 | (48) |
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117 | (1) |
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5.1 Constitutional change |
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118 | (1) |
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5.2 Definition of conventions |
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119 | (1) |
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5.3 Distinguishing conventions from laws |
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120 | (1) |
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5.4 Identifying constitutional conventions |
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121 | (2) |
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5.5 Relationship between laws and conventions |
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123 | (6) |
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5.5.1 Breach of a convention is not a breach of the law |
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123 | (1) |
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5.5.2 Breach of a convention may lead to its enactment in law |
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124 | (2) |
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5.5.2.1 The courts can recognise but not enforce conventions |
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126 | (3) |
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5.6 Distinguishing conventions from habits or customs |
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129 | (1) |
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5.7 How conventions are made |
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130 | (1) |
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5.8 How and why constitutional conventions are binding |
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131 | (4) |
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5.9 Role in the UK constitution |
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135 | (2) |
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5.10 Conventions in practice: the Royal Assent --- a simple convention |
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137 | (4) |
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5.10.1 Parliamentary assent to war or military deployment --- an emerging convention |
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140 | (1) |
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5.11 Ministerial Responsibility --- a complex convention |
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141 | (17) |
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5.11.1 Collective Cabinet Responsibility (CCR) |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (4) |
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5.11.4 Individual Ministerial Responsibility (IMR) |
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147 | (1) |
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5.11.5 Questions as to the scope of the convention |
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148 | (2) |
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5.11.6 Questions as to the nature of the responsibility |
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150 | (2) |
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5.11.6.1 The policy/operations distinction |
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152 | (2) |
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5.11.7 Ministerial Responsibility or accountability? |
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154 | (4) |
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158 | (1) |
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5.13 The arms to Iraq scandal |
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158 | (2) |
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5.14 Should all conventions be codified? |
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160 | (1) |
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160 | (2) |
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162 | (1) |
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162 | (3) |
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165 | (38) |
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166 | (1) |
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6.1 Definition of Prerogative Powers |
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166 | (2) |
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6.2 Development of the prerogative |
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168 | (3) |
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6.2.1 Does the king rule? |
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168 | (2) |
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6.2.2 The monarchy strikes back |
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170 | (1) |
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6.3 Current role of prerogative power |
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171 | (9) |
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6.3.1 Personal prerogatives |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (2) |
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174 | (1) |
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6.3.4 Appointment of ministers |
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175 | (1) |
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6.3.5 Dissolution of Parliament |
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175 | (2) |
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6.3.6 Proroguing Parliament |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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6.4 Legal controls on prerogative powers |
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180 | (18) |
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181 | (3) |
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6.4.2 Issues of existence and scope |
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184 | (2) |
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6.4.3 Exercise of prerogative powers and the courts |
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186 | (10) |
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6.4.4 The case for reform |
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196 | (2) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (4) |
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7 Supremacy Of Parliament |
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203 | (40) |
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203 | (1) |
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7.1 The traditional view of supremacy |
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204 | (1) |
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7.2 A note on terminology |
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205 | (1) |
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7.3 The development of Parliamentary supremacy |
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205 | (1) |
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7.4 The nature of Parliamentary supremacy |
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206 | (9) |
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7.4.1 As a fundamental constitutional rule |
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206 | (2) |
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7.4.2 Supremacy as a common law rule |
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208 | (2) |
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7.4.3 Supremacy as a relationship-defining rule |
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210 | (1) |
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7.4.4 Supremacy as a legal rather than a political rule |
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211 | (2) |
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7.4.5 Only Acts of Parliament are legally supreme |
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213 | (1) |
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7.4.6 The absence of legal limits |
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214 | (1) |
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7.5 The traditional view of supremacy |
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215 | (9) |
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7.5.1 No court may question an Act of Parliament --- the enrolled Bill rule |
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216 | (2) |
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7.5.2 Parliament cannot bind either itself or its successors |
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218 | (1) |
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7.5.3 Express and implied repeal |
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219 | (3) |
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222 | (2) |
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7.6 Challenges to the traditional view |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (4) |
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228 | (5) |
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7.8.1 Rule of law limits on supremacy |
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230 | (3) |
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233 | (4) |
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7.9.1 The rule of recognition |
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236 | (1) |
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7.10 Should Parliament be limited? |
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237 | (2) |
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239 | (1) |
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239 | (4) |
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8 Supremacy And European Law |
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243 | (36) |
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244 | (4) |
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8.2 The Development of the European Union |
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248 | (3) |
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8.2.1 What is the European Union for? |
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248 | (3) |
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8.3 The Institutions of the European Union |
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251 | (5) |
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252 | (1) |
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8.3.2 Council of the European Union (the Council) |
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252 | (1) |
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8.3.3 European Commission |
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253 | (1) |
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8.3.4 European Parliament |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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8.4 Supremacy of EU law - Court of Justice perspective |
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256 | (2) |
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8.5 EU law in the UK after Brexit |
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258 | (3) |
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8.5.1 The European Communities Act 1972 |
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259 | (2) |
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8.6 The issue of supremacy in the UK courts |
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261 | (7) |
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8.6.1 The Factortame cases |
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262 | (2) |
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8.6.2 EU law and express/implied repeal |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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8.6.4 Differing interpretations |
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266 | (2) |
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8.7 Constitutional statutes |
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268 | (3) |
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8.8 The new reality -- the legal status of EU law in the UK post-Brexit |
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271 | (3) |
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8.9 The wider effects of Brexit on UK Public Law |
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274 | (2) |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (2) |
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279 | (34) |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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9.2 Summary of the separation of powers |
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281 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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9.4 The three branches of the state |
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282 | (3) |
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284 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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9.5 The legislative/executive relationship |
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285 | (3) |
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288 | (3) |
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290 | (1) |
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291 | (2) |
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9.8 Judicial independence |
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293 | (9) |
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9.8.1 Judicial appointments |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (2) |
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9.8.3 Security of remuneration |
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298 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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9.8.5 Immunity from criticism |
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299 | (2) |
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9.8.6 Constitutional Reform Act 2005 |
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301 | (1) |
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301 | (1) |
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9.8.8 Judicial independence -- conclusion |
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302 | (1) |
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9.9 The boundaries of judicial power |
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302 | (3) |
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9.9.1 Adjudication by the executive |
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302 | (2) |
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9.9.2 Judges and political activities |
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304 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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9.10 Is there a separation of powers in the UK? |
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305 | (4) |
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9.10.1 Pure versus partial separation of powers |
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306 | (2) |
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9.10.2 The `no separation of powers' argument |
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308 | (1) |
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9.10.3 The `UK has a separation of powers' argument |
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308 | (1) |
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9.10.4 The `middle ground' argument |
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309 | (1) |
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309 | (1) |
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310 | (3) |
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313 | (36) |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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10.2 Definition and scope of the Rule of Law |
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315 | (2) |
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316 | (1) |
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10.2.2 The Rule of Law as a benchmark |
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317 | (1) |
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10.3 The Rule of Law is not a rule of law |
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317 | (3) |
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10.3.1 Obedience to the law |
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318 | (2) |
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10.4 The legality principle -- Government according to the law |
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320 | (6) |
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10.4.1 Powers granted by Parliament |
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321 | (2) |
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323 | (1) |
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10.4.3 Assessing the legality principle -- does it constrain the state? |
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324 | (2) |
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10.5 Formal and substantive conceptions of the Rule of Law |
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326 | (1) |
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10.6 Dicey and the Rule of Law |
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327 | (6) |
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327 | (1) |
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10.6.2 Equality before the law |
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328 | (3) |
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331 | (1) |
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10.6.4 The constitution of the UK is the ordinary law of the land --- laws concerning the liberties of the citizen are judge-made |
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331 | (1) |
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10.6.5 Problems with Dicey |
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332 | (1) |
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333 | (2) |
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10.8 Central characteristics |
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335 | (5) |
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335 | (1) |
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336 | (4) |
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340 | (1) |
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10.9 The structure and design of the legal system |
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340 | (3) |
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10.9.1 Independence of the judiciary must be guaranteed |
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340 | (1) |
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341 | (1) |
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10.9.3 The courts should be easily accessible |
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341 | (2) |
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10.10 Does the Rule of Law have substantive content? |
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343 | (2) |
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10.11 The modern significance of the rule of law |
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345 | (1) |
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346 | (1) |
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347 | (2) |
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349 | (36) |
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349 | (1) |
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11.1 The structure of the UK |
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350 | (3) |
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350 | (1) |
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351 | (1) |
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351 | (1) |
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352 | (1) |
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353 | (2) |
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353 | (1) |
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354 | (1) |
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11.2.3 Coordination in a Union Constitution |
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354 | (1) |
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355 | (1) |
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11.4 The Welsh Parliament (previously The National Assembly for Wales) |
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356 | (2) |
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11.4.1 Senedd Cymru (yn flaenorol Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru) |
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356 | (1) |
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356 | (1) |
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356 | (2) |
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358 | (1) |
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359 | (1) |
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11.7 The Scottish Parliament |
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360 | (1) |
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360 | (1) |
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360 | (1) |
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11.8 The Scottish Government |
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361 | (5) |
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11.8.1 Independence Referendum |
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362 | (4) |
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366 | (2) |
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11.10 Northern Ireland Assembly |
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368 | (1) |
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368 | (1) |
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368 | (1) |
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11.11 Northern Ireland Executive |
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368 | (8) |
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11.12 Brexit and devolution |
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376 | (2) |
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378 | (3) |
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378 | (2) |
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11.13.2 Metropolitan and regional devolution |
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380 | (1) |
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381 | (1) |
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381 | (4) |
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12 Judicial Review -- Access To Justice |
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385 | (44) |
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385 | (2) |
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12.1 The role and function of judicial review |
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387 | (2) |
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12.2 Relationship to constitutional issues |
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389 | (1) |
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12.2.1 Supremacy of Parliament |
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389 | (1) |
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12.2.2 Separation of powers |
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389 | (1) |
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389 | (1) |
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390 | (1) |
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12.4 What is a public body? |
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391 | (2) |
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12.5 Alternative remedies |
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393 | (1) |
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12.6 Procedural exclusivity |
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394 | (3) |
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12.7 What is the procedure for applying for a judicial review? |
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397 | (1) |
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12.7.1 Pre-action protocol |
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398 | (1) |
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398 | (3) |
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399 | (1) |
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400 | (1) |
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12.8.3 Operation of the permission stage |
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400 | (1) |
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401 | (2) |
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12.9.1 Remedies are discretionary |
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402 | (1) |
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12.9.2 What is a successful action? |
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402 | (1) |
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403 | (4) |
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407 | (3) |
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12.11.1 Continuing hostility |
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408 | (2) |
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410 | (9) |
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12.12.1 Individual Interest |
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411 | (1) |
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12.12.2 Associational standing |
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411 | (1) |
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12.12.3 Public interest standing |
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412 | (7) |
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12.13 Judicial review reform |
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419 | (6) |
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12.14 Human rights claims |
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425 | (1) |
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425 | (1) |
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426 | (3) |
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13 Grounds Of Judicial Review |
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429 | (40) |
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429 | (1) |
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430 | (1) |
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431 | (2) |
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433 | (3) |
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434 | (1) |
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435 | (1) |
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436 | (2) |
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13.2.1 Reasonableness and subjectively worded discretion |
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437 | (1) |
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13.3 Failure to exercise discretion |
|
|
438 | (5) |
|
13.3.1 Fettering discretion |
|
|
438 | (2) |
|
13.3.2 Delegation of discretion |
|
|
440 | (3) |
|
13.4 Exercising discretion unlawfully |
|
|
443 | (6) |
|
13.4.1 The relevancy rule |
|
|
443 | (2) |
|
|
445 | (4) |
|
|
449 | (4) |
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
13.7 Procedural impropriety |
|
|
454 | (5) |
|
13.7.1 Breach of statutory procedures |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
13.7.2 Legitimate expectation |
|
|
456 | (1) |
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13.7.2.1 Express undertaking |
|
|
456 | (2) |
|
13.7.2.2 Taking account of a published policy |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
13.8 The duty of procedural fairness |
|
|
459 | (6) |
|
13.8.1 The right to a fair hearing |
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
13.8.2 The rule against bias |
|
|
461 | (2) |
|
13.8.2.1 The general test for bias |
|
|
463 | (2) |
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
|
467 | (2) |
|
14 Ombudsman And Tribunals |
|
|
469 | (32) |
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
|
471 | (3) |
|
14.3 Ombudsman -- development and role |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
14.4 The Parliamentary Ombudsman |
|
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475 | (1) |
|
|
475 | (4) |
|
14.5.1 Limits on jurisdiction |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
|
477 | (2) |
|
14.6 Parliamentary Ombudsman - procedure |
|
|
479 | (4) |
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
|
483 | (2) |
|
|
485 | (1) |
|
14.10 The role of tribunals |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
14.11.1 The Franks Report |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
14.12 Benefits of tribunals |
|
|
488 | (3) |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
14.14 The role of lawyers? |
|
|
491 | (2) |
|
14.15 Leggatt Review and the new system |
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
14.16 Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 |
|
|
494 | (4) |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
|
499 | (2) |
|
|
501 | (44) |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
15.1 Liberties or rights? |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
15.2 The European Convention on Human Rights |
|
|
503 | (2) |
|
15.2.1 The Convention rights |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
15.2.2 Article 8 ECHR -- the right to privacy |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
15.3 The late blossoming of human rights in the UK |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
15.4 Pre-Human Rights Act protection in UK Law |
|
|
506 | (2) |
|
15.4.1 Positive protection |
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
15.5 Residual approach to liberty |
|
|
508 | (3) |
|
15.5.1 Weaknesses of residual approach |
|
|
509 | (2) |
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
15.6 The Human Rights Act 1998 |
|
|
512 | (2) |
|
15.7 Obligations on the courts |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
15.8 Judicial interpretation under s. 3 of the HRA |
|
|
515 | (4) |
|
15.9 Declarations of incompatibility |
|
|
519 | (3) |
|
15.10 Obligations on ministers Introducing legislation |
|
|
522 | (2) |
|
15.10.1 Joint Committee on Human Rights |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
15.11 Obligations on public authorities |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
15.12 What is a public authority? |
|
|
525 | (6) |
|
15.12.1 Judicial interpretation of `public authority' |
|
|
527 | (4) |
|
|
531 | (2) |
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
15.14 Obligations to develop the common law |
|
|
533 | (3) |
|
15.15 Actions to vindicate Convention rights |
|
|
536 | (1) |
|
15.16 The future of the HRA? |
|
|
537 | (5) |
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
|
542 | (3) |
|
16 Police And Security Powers |
|
|
545 | (34) |
|
|
545 | (1) |
|
|
546 | (3) |
|
16.1.1 Independence/status |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
16.1.2 Police and Crime Commissioners |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
|
548 | (1) |
|
16.1.4 National Crime Agency |
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
16.3 The general framework --- Article 5 of the ECHR and PACE |
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
|
551 | (9) |
|
16.5.1 Arrest with a warrant |
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
16.5.2 Arrest without a warrant |
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
16.5.3 Common law powers of arrest |
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
16.5.4 Reasonable suspicion |
|
|
556 | (1) |
|
16.5.4.1 What are the elements of the test? |
|
|
556 | (1) |
|
16.5.4.2 What is the objective element of the test? |
|
|
557 | (2) |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
16.6 Detention and questioning |
|
|
560 | (3) |
|
16.6.1 Length of detention |
|
|
562 | (1) |
|
|
563 | (3) |
|
16.7.1 Right of access to legal representation |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
16.7.2 Right to have someone informed of the arrest |
|
|
565 | (1) |
|
|
565 | (1) |
|
16.7.4 Conditions for interview |
|
|
565 | (1) |
|
16.8 Identification and physical evidence |
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
16.9 Actions and complaints against the police |
|
|
567 | (3) |
|
|
570 | (3) |
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
16.12 Interception of Communications |
|
|
574 | (2) |
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
|
577 | (2) |
|
|
579 | (40) |
|
|
579 | (1) |
|
17.1 The nature and importance of freedom of expression |
|
|
580 | (3) |
|
17.2 US versus UK approaches |
|
|
583 | (2) |
|
17.3 Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights |
|
|
585 | (4) |
|
17.4 Censorship and media regulation |
|
|
589 | (3) |
|
17.4.1 Regulation of TV and radio |
|
|
589 | (1) |
|
17.4.2 Political advertising |
|
|
589 | (2) |
|
17.4.3 The Broadcasting Code 2020 |
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
17.5 Regulation of the press |
|
|
592 | (5) |
|
17.5.1 Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO) |
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
|
597 | (3) |
|
|
598 | (2) |
|
|
600 | (3) |
|
17.8 Privacy and breach of confidence |
|
|
603 | (8) |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
17.8.2 Pre-Human Rights Act privacy |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
17.8.3 Action for breach of confidence |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
17.8.4 Balancing the rights |
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
17.8.5 Is there always a conflict between privacy and freedom of expression? |
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
17.8.6 How have the courts responded to the challenge of protecting privacy under the HRA? |
|
|
606 | (4) |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
17.9 Expression in a digital age |
|
|
611 | (3) |
|
|
614 | (1) |
|
|
615 | (1) |
|
|
615 | (4) |
|
18 Freedom Of Assembly And Public Protest |
|
|
619 | (36) |
|
|
619 | (1) |
|
|
620 | (1) |
|
18.2 The values of public protest |
|
|
621 | (2) |
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
18.4 Article 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) |
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
|
626 | (5) |
|
|
631 | (3) |
|
18.7.1 Trespassory Assemblies |
|
|
633 | (1) |
|
18.8 Demonstrations in the vicinity of Parliament |
|
|
634 | (2) |
|
18.9 Public Order offences |
|
|
636 | (8) |
|
18.9.1 Offences involving violence |
|
|
637 | (1) |
|
18.9.1.1 Section 1 -- riot |
|
|
637 | (1) |
|
18.9.1.2 Section 2 -- violent disorder |
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
18.9.1.3 Section 3 -- affray |
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
18.9.1.4 Section 4 -- Fear or provocation of violence |
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
18.9.2 Offences of harassment, alarm, or distress |
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
18.9.2.1 Section 4a -- Intentional harassment, alarm, or distress |
|
|
639 | (1) |
|
18.9.2.2 Section 5 -- harassment, alarm, or distress |
|
|
640 | (3) |
|
18.9.3 Section 5 and freedom of assembly and expression |
|
|
643 | (1) |
|
18.10 Breach of the Peace |
|
|
644 | (2) |
|
|
644 | (1) |
|
18.10.2 The operation of the power |
|
|
645 | (1) |
|
18.11 The hostile audience dilemma |
|
|
646 | (3) |
|
18.12 Obstruction of the Police |
|
|
649 | (1) |
|
|
649 | (1) |
|
18.14 Obstruction of the Highway |
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
18.15 Protection from Harassment |
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
18.16 Policing protest: recent history and future directions |
|
|
651 | (2) |
|
|
653 | (2) |
Index |
|
655 | |