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El. knyga: Public Law

  • Formatas: 660 pages
  • Serija: Spotlights
  • Išleidimo metai: 24-Nov-2022
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000773538
  • Formatas: 660 pages
  • Serija: Spotlights
  • Išleidimo metai: 24-Nov-2022
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000773538

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Public Law is an ideal choice for all students looking for a comprehensive yet accessible textbook on this area of law, as its clear writing style, accessible tone, and focus on modern case law help bring the subject to life.

The book covers the key institutions, concepts, and legal rules of the United Kingdoms constitutional system, with the chapters arranged around four subjects: the foundations of the constitutional system; Constitutional Law; Administrative Law; and human rights. The books central theme is that of state power, and the relationship between the state and the citizen.

Co-authored by Michael Doherty and Noel McGuirk, the third edition has been revised to reflect recent key developments in Public Law. It now extensively explores, in addition to several other key chapter updates, the unfolding impact of Brexit, the 2019 General Election, changes in devolution across England, Scotland, and Wales, and the 2020 Coronavirus Act. Clearly written and easy to use, Public Law enables students to fully engage with the topic and gain a profound understanding of this fundamental, exciting area.

The Routledge Spotlights series brings a modern, contemporary approach to the core law curriculum, which will help students:

- To move beyond an understanding of the law.

- To refine and develop the key skills of problem-solving, evaluation and critical reasoning, which are essential to assessment success.

- To discover sources and suggestions for taking your study further.

By focusing on recent case law and real-world examples, Routledge Spotlights will help you shed light on the law, understand how it operates in practice, and gain a unique appreciation of the contemporary context of the subject.

Recenzijos

"This new edition is as useful for students of public law as ever. With a sharp focus on the law and attention to the political context, it provides an up to date resource that is clear and accessible." Fiona Boyle, Senior Lecturer at Cumbria University Law School.

Preface to the third edition xxv
Preface to the first edition xxvii
Guide to the Spotlights series xxix
Guide to the website xxxi
Table of cases
xxxiii
Table of statutes
xxxix
Table of European legislation
xliv
Table of international legislation
xlv
Table of statutory instruments
xlvi
1 Studying Public Law
1(22)
As you read
1(1)
1.1 The nature of Public Law
2(1)
1.2 Successful study
3(1)
1.3 Foundational skills
4(4)
1.3.1 Time management
4(1)
1.3.2 Note-taking
5(1)
1.3.3 Organisation
6(1)
1.3.4 Motivation and engagement
7(1)
1.4 Research
8(6)
1.4.1 Basic research -- research with a reading list
8(1)
1.4.2 Extended research -- research going beyond the reading list
9(1)
1.4.3 Additional research -- using general searches
10(1)
1.4.4 Search engines
11(1)
1.4.4.1 Blogs
12(1)
1.4.5 Research strategy
12(1)
1.4.6 Plagiarism
13(1)
1.4.7 Citation
13(1)
1.5 Reasoning
14(2)
1.5.1 Arguments
15(1)
1.5.1.1 Conclusions
15(1)
1.5.1.2 Reasons
16(1)
1.6 Writing
16(1)
1.6.1 Presentation
16(1)
1.6.2 Proof-reading
16(1)
1.6.3 Common errors
17(1)
1.7 Assessment
17(3)
1.7.1 Essay questions
18(1)
1.7.1.1 Analyse
18(1)
1.7.1.2 Plan
18(1)
1.7.1.3 Write and polish
19(1)
1.7.2 Problem questions
19(1)
1.7.3 Exams
19(1)
1.7.3.1 Common errors and how to avoid them
20(1)
Taking it further
20(3)
2 Institutions
23(28)
As you read
23(1)
2.1 Assessment tips
24(1)
2.2 Who's who in the UK state (and what do they do?)
25(1)
2.3 Legislative
25(2)
2.4 Executive
27(1)
2.5 Judicial
28(1)
2.6 Other institutions
29(1)
2.7 Case study on law and policy in the UK state
30(1)
2.8 Student fees
30(4)
2.9 The structure of Government
34(1)
2.10 Prime Minister
35(2)
2.11 Cabinet and ministers
37(7)
2.11.1 Cabinet
37(4)
2.11.2 Ministers
41(1)
2.11.3 Government Departments
42(2)
2.11.4 Public Bodies
44(1)
2.12 Controls on executive power
44(2)
2.13 Civil Service
46(3)
2.13.1 Special Advisers
48(1)
Points to review
49(1)
Taking it further
49(2)
3 Parliament And Legislation
51(28)
As you read
51(1)
3.1 Assessment tips
52(1)
3.2 Elections
52(4)
3.2.1 Who can vote in a General Election?
53(3)
3.3 The electoral system
56(3)
3.3.1 First past the post
56(1)
3.3.2 The integrity of elections
57(2)
3.4 The United Kingdom Parliament
59(2)
3.4.1 Life of a Parliament
59(2)
3.5 The House of Commons
61(1)
3.5.1 Composition
61(1)
3.5.2 The nature of the MP's role
61(1)
3.6 The role of the House of Commons -- scrutiny
62(5)
3.6.1 Scrutiny and democracy
63(1)
3.6.2 Methods of scrutiny
64(1)
3.6.3 Scrutiny and Select Committees
65(2)
3.7 The House of Lords
67(4)
3.7.1 Composition
67(2)
3.7.2 Role of the House of Lords
69(1)
3.7.3 Reform
70(1)
3.8 The legislative process
71(5)
3.8.1 Public Acts
72(3)
3.8.2 Private Members' Bills
75(1)
3.9 Delegated legislation
76(1)
Points to review
76(1)
Taking it further
77(2)
4 Constitutions
79(38)
As you read
79(1)
4.1 The scope of Constitutional Law
80(3)
4.2 What is a constitution?
83(1)
4.3 Constitutionalism
84(2)
4.4 Classifying constitutions
86(1)
4.4.1 Codified and uncodified
86(1)
4.5 Why does the UK not have a codified constitution?
87(1)
4.6 Other classifications
88(5)
4.6.1 Monarchical/republican
88(1)
4.6.2 Federal/unitary
89(1)
4.6.3 Rigid/flexible
90(3)
4.7 Codified constitutions
93(3)
4.8 Consequences of having a codified constitution
96(3)
4.9 The UK System in comparison with codified constitutions
99(1)
4.10 Uncodified constitutions
100(1)
4.11 Objections to the uncodified approach
101(3)
4.12 Purposive approach
104(1)
4.13 Sources of the UK constitution
105(4)
4.13.1 Legislation
107(1)
4.13.2 Retained European Union Law
108(1)
4.13.3 Case law
108(1)
4.13.4 Royal Prerogative
109(1)
4.13.5 International Agreements
109(1)
4.13.6 Constitutional Conventions
109(1)
4.14 Is the UK constitution fit for purpose?
109(2)
4.15 Benefits and problems of a codified constitution
111(1)
4.16 Should the UK have a codified constitution?
112(2)
Points to review
114(1)
Taking it further
114(3)
5 Constitutional Conventions
117(48)
As you read
117(1)
5.1 Constitutional change
118(1)
5.2 Definition of conventions
119(1)
5.3 Distinguishing conventions from laws
120(1)
5.4 Identifying constitutional conventions
121(2)
5.5 Relationship between laws and conventions
123(6)
5.5.1 Breach of a convention is not a breach of the law
123(1)
5.5.2 Breach of a convention may lead to its enactment in law
124(2)
5.5.2.1 The courts can recognise but not enforce conventions
126(3)
5.6 Distinguishing conventions from habits or customs
129(1)
5.7 How conventions are made
130(1)
5.8 How and why constitutional conventions are binding
131(4)
5.9 Role in the UK constitution
135(2)
5.10 Conventions in practice: the Royal Assent --- a simple convention
137(4)
5.10.1 Parliamentary assent to war or military deployment --- an emerging convention
140(1)
5.11 Ministerial Responsibility --- a complex convention
141(17)
5.11.1 Collective Cabinet Responsibility (CCR)
142(1)
5.11.2 Unanimity
143(1)
5.11.3 Confidentiality
143(4)
5.11.4 Individual Ministerial Responsibility (IMR)
147(1)
5.11.5 Questions as to the scope of the convention
148(2)
5.11.6 Questions as to the nature of the responsibility
150(2)
5.11.6.1 The policy/operations distinction
152(2)
5.11.7 Ministerial Responsibility or accountability?
154(4)
5.12 Points to note
158(1)
5.13 The arms to Iraq scandal
158(2)
5.14 Should all conventions be codified?
160(1)
5.15 Enactment
160(2)
Points to review
162(1)
Taking it further
162(3)
6 Royal Prerogative
165(38)
As you read
166(1)
6.1 Definition of Prerogative Powers
166(2)
6.2 Development of the prerogative
168(3)
6.2.1 Does the king rule?
168(2)
6.2.2 The monarchy strikes back
170(1)
6.3 Current role of prerogative power
171(9)
6.3.1 Personal prerogatives
171(1)
6.3.2 Crown prerogatives
172(2)
6.3.3 Royal assent
174(1)
6.3.4 Appointment of ministers
175(1)
6.3.5 Dissolution of Parliament
175(2)
6.3.6 Proroguing Parliament
177(1)
6.3.7 Foreign affairs
178(1)
6.3.8 War
179(1)
6.4 Legal controls on prerogative powers
180(18)
6.4.1 By statute
181(3)
6.4.2 Issues of existence and scope
184(2)
6.4.3 Exercise of prerogative powers and the courts
186(10)
6.4.4 The case for reform
196(2)
6.5 Assessment advice
198(1)
Points to review
199(1)
Taking it further
199(4)
7 Supremacy Of Parliament
203(40)
As you read
203(1)
7.1 The traditional view of supremacy
204(1)
7.2 A note on terminology
205(1)
7.3 The development of Parliamentary supremacy
205(1)
7.4 The nature of Parliamentary supremacy
206(9)
7.4.1 As a fundamental constitutional rule
206(2)
7.4.2 Supremacy as a common law rule
208(2)
7.4.3 Supremacy as a relationship-defining rule
210(1)
7.4.4 Supremacy as a legal rather than a political rule
211(2)
7.4.5 Only Acts of Parliament are legally supreme
213(1)
7.4.6 The absence of legal limits
214(1)
7.5 The traditional view of supremacy
215(9)
7.5.1 No court may question an Act of Parliament --- the enrolled Bill rule
216(2)
7.5.2 Parliament cannot bind either itself or its successors
218(1)
7.5.3 Express and implied repeal
219(3)
7.5.4 Territorial extent
222(2)
7.6 Challenges to the traditional view
224(1)
7.7 The Acts of Union
224(4)
7.8 The Parliament Acts
228(5)
7.8.1 Rule of law limits on supremacy
230(3)
7.9 Manner and form
233(4)
7.9.1 The rule of recognition
236(1)
7.10 Should Parliament be limited?
237(2)
Points to review
239(1)
Taking it further
239(4)
8 Supremacy And European Law
243(36)
8.1 Brexit timeline
244(4)
8.2 The Development of the European Union
248(3)
8.2.1 What is the European Union for?
248(3)
8.3 The Institutions of the European Union
251(5)
8.3.1 European Council
252(1)
8.3.2 Council of the European Union (the Council)
252(1)
8.3.3 European Commission
253(1)
8.3.4 European Parliament
254(1)
8.3.5 Court of Justice
255(1)
8.4 Supremacy of EU law - Court of Justice perspective
256(2)
8.5 EU law in the UK after Brexit
258(3)
8.5.1 The European Communities Act 1972
259(2)
8.6 The issue of supremacy in the UK courts
261(7)
8.6.1 The Factortame cases
262(2)
8.6.2 EU law and express/implied repeal
264(1)
8.6.3 Express repeal
265(1)
8.6.4 Differing interpretations
266(2)
8.7 Constitutional statutes
268(3)
8.8 The new reality -- the legal status of EU law in the UK post-Brexit
271(3)
8.9 The wider effects of Brexit on UK Public Law
274(2)
Points to review
276(1)
Taking it further
277(2)
9 Separation Of Powers
279(34)
As you read
279(1)
9.1 Introduction
280(1)
9.2 Summary of the separation of powers
281(1)
9.3 History
281(1)
9.3.1 Montesquieu
282(1)
9.4 The three branches of the state
282(3)
9.4.1 Legislative branch
284(1)
9.4.2 Executive branch
284(1)
9.4.3 Judicial branch
285(1)
9.5 The legislative/executive relationship
285(3)
9.6 Lord Chancellor
288(3)
9.6.1 Assessment advice
290(1)
9.7 The Supreme Court
291(2)
9.8 Judicial independence
293(9)
9.8.1 Judicial appointments
295(1)
9.8.2 Security of tenure
296(2)
9.8.3 Security of remuneration
298(1)
9.8.4 Immunity from suit
298(1)
9.8.5 Immunity from criticism
299(2)
9.8.6 Constitutional Reform Act 2005
301(1)
9.8.7 Judicial attitudes
301(1)
9.8.8 Judicial independence -- conclusion
302(1)
9.9 The boundaries of judicial power
302(3)
9.9.1 Adjudication by the executive
302(2)
9.9.2 Judges and political activities
304(1)
9.9.3 Judicial inquiries
304(1)
9.10 Is there a separation of powers in the UK?
305(4)
9.10.1 Pure versus partial separation of powers
306(2)
9.10.2 The `no separation of powers' argument
308(1)
9.10.3 The `UK has a separation of powers' argument
308(1)
9.10.4 The `middle ground' argument
309(1)
Points to review
309(1)
Taking it further
310(3)
10 The Rule Of Law
313(36)
As you read
313(1)
10.1 Introduction
314(1)
10.2 Definition and scope of the Rule of Law
315(2)
10.2.1 Assessment tip
316(1)
10.2.2 The Rule of Law as a benchmark
317(1)
10.3 The Rule of Law is not a rule of law
317(3)
10.3.1 Obedience to the law
318(2)
10.4 The legality principle -- Government according to the law
320(6)
10.4.1 Powers granted by Parliament
321(2)
10.4.2 Assessment tip
323(1)
10.4.3 Assessing the legality principle -- does it constrain the state?
324(2)
10.5 Formal and substantive conceptions of the Rule of Law
326(1)
10.6 Dicey and the Rule of Law
327(6)
10.6.1 No arbitrary law
327(1)
10.6.2 Equality before the law
328(3)
10.6.3 Assessment tip
331(1)
10.6.4 The constitution of the UK is the ordinary law of the land --- laws concerning the liberties of the citizen are judge-made
331(1)
10.6.5 Problems with Dicey
332(1)
10.7 Joseph Raz
333(2)
10.8 Central characteristics
335(5)
10.8.1 Clarity
335(1)
10.8.2 Prospectivity
336(4)
10.8.3 Secret laws
340(1)
10.9 The structure and design of the legal system
340(3)
10.9.1 Independence of the judiciary must be guaranteed
340(1)
10.9.2 Natural justice
341(1)
10.9.3 The courts should be easily accessible
341(2)
10.10 Does the Rule of Law have substantive content?
343(2)
10.11 The modern significance of the rule of law
345(1)
Points to review
346(1)
Taking it further
347(2)
11 Devolution
349(36)
As you read
349(1)
11.1 The structure of the UK
350(3)
11.1.1 Terminology
350(1)
11.1.2 Wales
351(1)
11.1.3 Scotland
351(1)
11.1.4 Northern Ireland
352(1)
11.2 Federalism
353(2)
11.2.1 Devolution
353(1)
11.2.2 Asymmetry
354(1)
11.2.3 Coordination in a Union Constitution
354(1)
11.3 Wales
355(1)
11.4 The Welsh Parliament (previously The National Assembly for Wales)
356(2)
11.4.1 Senedd Cymru (yn flaenorol Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru)
356(1)
11.4.1.1 Composition
356(1)
11.4.1.2 Powers
356(2)
11.5 Welsh Government
358(1)
11.6 Scotland
359(1)
11.7 The Scottish Parliament
360(1)
11.7.1 Composition
360(1)
11.7.2 Powers
360(1)
11.8 The Scottish Government
361(5)
11.8.1 Independence Referendum
362(4)
11.9 Northern Ireland
366(2)
11.10 Northern Ireland Assembly
368(1)
11.10.1 Composition
368(1)
11.10.2 Powers
368(1)
11.11 Northern Ireland Executive
368(8)
11.12 Brexit and devolution
376(2)
11.13 England
378(3)
11.13.1 EVEL
378(2)
11.13.2 Metropolitan and regional devolution
380(1)
Points to review
381(1)
Taking it further
381(4)
12 Judicial Review -- Access To Justice
385(44)
As you read
385(2)
12.1 The role and function of judicial review
387(2)
12.2 Relationship to constitutional issues
389(1)
12.2.1 Supremacy of Parliament
389(1)
12.2.2 Separation of powers
389(1)
12.2.3 Rule of law
389(1)
12.3 Access to justice
390(1)
12.4 What is a public body?
391(2)
12.5 Alternative remedies
393(1)
12.6 Procedural exclusivity
394(3)
12.7 What is the procedure for applying for a judicial review?
397(1)
12.7.1 Pre-action protocol
398(1)
12.8 Permission stage
398(3)
12.8.1 Time limits
399(1)
12.8.2 Standing
400(1)
12.8.3 Operation of the permission stage
400(1)
12.9 Remedies
401(2)
12.9.1 Remedies are discretionary
402(1)
12.9.2 What is a successful action?
402(1)
12.10 Ouster clauses
403(4)
12.11 Time limit clauses
407(3)
12.11.1 Continuing hostility
408(2)
12.12 Standing
410(9)
12.12.1 Individual Interest
411(1)
12.12.2 Associational standing
411(1)
12.12.3 Public interest standing
412(7)
12.13 Judicial review reform
419(6)
12.14 Human rights claims
425(1)
Points to review
425(1)
Taking it further
426(3)
13 Grounds Of Judicial Review
429(40)
As you read
429(1)
A note on categorisation
430(1)
Assessment guidance
431(2)
13.1 Illegality
433(3)
13.1.1 Ultra vires
434(1)
13.1.1.1 Mixed motives
435(1)
13.2 Abuse of discretion
436(2)
13.2.1 Reasonableness and subjectively worded discretion
437(1)
13.3 Failure to exercise discretion
438(5)
13.3.1 Fettering discretion
438(2)
13.3.2 Delegation of discretion
440(3)
13.4 Exercising discretion unlawfully
443(6)
13.4.1 The relevancy rule
443(2)
13.4.2 Improper purpose
445(4)
13.5 Irrationality
449(4)
13.6 Proportionality
453(1)
13.7 Procedural impropriety
454(5)
13.7.1 Breach of statutory procedures
455(1)
13.7.2 Legitimate expectation
456(1)
13.7.2.1 Express undertaking
456(2)
13.7.2.2 Taking account of a published policy
458(1)
13.7.2.3 Past practice
458(1)
13.8 The duty of procedural fairness
459(6)
13.8.1 The right to a fair hearing
460(1)
13.8.2 The rule against bias
461(2)
13.8.2.1 The general test for bias
463(2)
Points to review
465(1)
Assessment advice
466(1)
Taking it further
467(2)
14 Ombudsman And Tribunals
469(32)
As you read
470(1)
14.1 Assessment tips
470(1)
14.2 Ombudsmen
471(3)
14.3 Ombudsman -- development and role
474(1)
14.4 The Parliamentary Ombudsman
475(1)
14.5 Jurisdiction
475(4)
14.5.1 Limits on jurisdiction
476(1)
14.5.2 The MP filter
477(2)
14.6 Parliamentary Ombudsman - procedure
479(4)
14.6.1 Enforcement
480(1)
14.6.2 Maladministration
481(1)
14.6.3 Injustice
482(1)
14.7 Other ombudsmen
483(1)
14.8 Reform
483(2)
14.9 Tribunals
485(1)
14.10 The role of tribunals
486(1)
14.11 Development
487(1)
14.11.1 The Franks Report
488(1)
14.12 Benefits of tribunals
488(3)
14.13 Internal review
491(1)
14.14 The role of lawyers?
491(2)
14.15 Leggatt Review and the new system
493(1)
14.16 Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007
494(4)
Points to review
498(1)
Taking it further
499(2)
15 Human Rights
501(44)
As you read
501(1)
15.1 Liberties or rights?
502(1)
15.2 The European Convention on Human Rights
503(2)
15.2.1 The Convention rights
504(1)
15.2.2 Article 8 ECHR -- the right to privacy
504(1)
15.3 The late blossoming of human rights in the UK
505(1)
15.4 Pre-Human Rights Act protection in UK Law
506(2)
15.4.1 Positive protection
507(1)
15.4.1.1 Common law
507(1)
15.4.1.2 Statute
507(1)
15.5 Residual approach to liberty
508(3)
15.5.1 Weaknesses of residual approach
509(2)
Assessment advice
511(1)
15.6 The Human Rights Act 1998
512(2)
15.7 Obligations on the courts
514(1)
15.8 Judicial interpretation under s. 3 of the HRA
515(4)
15.9 Declarations of incompatibility
519(3)
15.10 Obligations on ministers Introducing legislation
522(2)
15.10.1 Joint Committee on Human Rights
524(1)
15.11 Obligations on public authorities
524(1)
15.12 What is a public authority?
525(6)
15.12.1 Judicial interpretation of `public authority'
527(4)
15.13 Horizontal effect
531(2)
15.13.1 Statute
532(1)
15.14 Obligations to develop the common law
533(3)
15.15 Actions to vindicate Convention rights
536(1)
15.16 The future of the HRA?
537(5)
Points to review
542(1)
Taking it further
542(3)
16 Police And Security Powers
545(34)
As you read
545(1)
16.1 Police organisation
546(3)
16.1.1 Independence/status
547(1)
16.1.2 Police and Crime Commissioners
547(1)
16.1.3 Home Secretary
548(1)
16.1.4 National Crime Agency
549(1)
16.2 Assessment advice
549(1)
16.3 The general framework --- Article 5 of the ECHR and PACE
549(1)
16.4 Stop and Search
550(1)
16.5 Arrest
551(9)
16.5.1 Arrest with a warrant
553(1)
16.5.2 Arrest without a warrant
554(1)
16.5.3 Common law powers of arrest
555(1)
16.5.4 Reasonable suspicion
556(1)
16.5.4.1 What are the elements of the test?
556(1)
16.5.4.2 What is the objective element of the test?
557(2)
16.5.5 Procedural rules
559(1)
16.6 Detention and questioning
560(3)
16.6.1 Length of detention
562(1)
16.7 Interviewing
563(3)
16.7.1 Right of access to legal representation
564(1)
16.7.2 Right to have someone informed of the arrest
565(1)
16.7.3 Right to silence
565(1)
16.7.4 Conditions for interview
565(1)
16.8 Identification and physical evidence
566(1)
16.9 Actions and complaints against the police
567(3)
16.10 Security Services
570(3)
16.11 Official Secrets
573(1)
16.12 Interception of Communications
574(2)
Points to review
576(1)
Taking it further
577(2)
17 Freedom Of Expression
579(40)
As you read
579(1)
17.1 The nature and importance of freedom of expression
580(3)
17.2 US versus UK approaches
583(2)
17.3 Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights
585(4)
17.4 Censorship and media regulation
589(3)
17.4.1 Regulation of TV and radio
589(1)
17.4.2 Political advertising
589(2)
17.4.3 The Broadcasting Code 2020
591(1)
17.5 Regulation of the press
592(5)
17.5.1 Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO)
596(1)
17.6 Obscenity
597(3)
17.6.1 Defence
598(2)
17.7 Defamation
600(3)
17.8 Privacy and breach of confidence
603(8)
17.8.1 Defining privacy
603(1)
17.8.2 Pre-Human Rights Act privacy
603(1)
17.8.3 Action for breach of confidence
604(1)
17.8.4 Balancing the rights
605(1)
17.8.5 Is there always a conflict between privacy and freedom of expression?
605(1)
17.8.6 How have the courts responded to the challenge of protecting privacy under the HRA?
606(4)
17.8.7 Injunctions
610(1)
17.9 Expression in a digital age
611(3)
17.10 Assessment advice
614(1)
Points to review
615(1)
Taking it further
615(4)
18 Freedom Of Assembly And Public Protest
619(36)
As you read
619(1)
18.1 Freedom of Assembly
620(1)
18.2 The values of public protest
621(2)
18.3 Assessment advice
623(1)
18.4 Article 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)
624(1)
18.5 Public Order
625(1)
18.6 Processions
626(5)
18.7 Assemblies
631(3)
18.7.1 Trespassory Assemblies
633(1)
18.8 Demonstrations in the vicinity of Parliament
634(2)
18.9 Public Order offences
636(8)
18.9.1 Offences involving violence
637(1)
18.9.1.1 Section 1 -- riot
637(1)
18.9.1.2 Section 2 -- violent disorder
638(1)
18.9.1.3 Section 3 -- affray
638(1)
18.9.1.4 Section 4 -- Fear or provocation of violence
638(1)
18.9.2 Offences of harassment, alarm, or distress
638(1)
18.9.2.1 Section 4a -- Intentional harassment, alarm, or distress
639(1)
18.9.2.2 Section 5 -- harassment, alarm, or distress
640(3)
18.9.3 Section 5 and freedom of assembly and expression
643(1)
18.10 Breach of the Peace
644(2)
18.10.1 Definition
644(1)
18.10.2 The operation of the power
645(1)
18.11 The hostile audience dilemma
646(3)
18.12 Obstruction of the Police
649(1)
18.13 Binding Over
649(1)
18.14 Obstruction of the Highway
650(1)
18.15 Protection from Harassment
650(1)
Points to review
651(1)
18.16 Policing protest: recent history and future directions
651(2)
Taking it further
653(2)
Index 655
Michael Doherty is Associate Head and Student Experience Lead at Lancaster University Law School, UK. He is a former Chair of the Association of Law Teachers. Noel McGuirk is a Lecturer in Law (Terrorism and the Law) at Lancaster University Law School, UK.