| Executive Summary |
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| Introduction |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (1) |
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The Genesis of This Study |
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2 | (1) |
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The Congressional Mandate |
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3 | (1) |
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The Copyright Office Process |
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4 | (2) |
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6 | (3) |
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The Nature of Distance Education Today |
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9 | (20) |
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What is Distance Education? |
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9 | (10) |
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9 | (2) |
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11 | (2) |
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13 | (1) |
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Evolution of distance education technologies |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (2) |
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Who is Taking the Courses? |
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19 | (1) |
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Who is Providing Distance Education? |
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20 | (5) |
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21 | (1) |
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Nonprofit v. For-Profit Education |
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22 | (2) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (4) |
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The Higher Education Amendments Act of 1998 |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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Learning Anytime Anywhere Partnerships |
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26 | (1) |
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Web-Based Education Commission |
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27 | (1) |
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Star Schools Program Assistance Act of 1988 |
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27 | (2) |
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Licensing of Copyrighted Works |
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29 | (20) |
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30 | (4) |
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Use of Preexisting Copyrighted Works |
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30 | (1) |
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Participants in the Licensing Process |
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31 | (2) |
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33 | (1) |
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Extent of Licensing Today |
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34 | (5) |
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Amount and Types of Material Licensed |
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34 | (3) |
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Alternatives to Licensing |
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37 | (2) |
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39 | (2) |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (3) |
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Trends and Future Developments |
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44 | (5) |
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Technological Protections and Online Licensing Systems |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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Evolving Approaches to Digital Licensing |
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46 | (3) |
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Technologies Involved in Digital Distance Education |
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49 | (20) |
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Technologies to Facilitate Licensing |
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50 | (2) |
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Technologies to Deliver Content |
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52 | (5) |
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Technologies to Protect Content |
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57 | (10) |
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59 | (2) |
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Controlling Downstream Uses |
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61 | (1) |
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Digital containers and proprietary viewers |
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61 | (4) |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (2) |
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67 | (2) |
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Application of Copyright Law to Distance Education |
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69 | (42) |
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General Principles of Copyright Law |
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69 | (4) |
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73 | (26) |
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The Instructional Exemptions |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (2) |
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77 | (7) |
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84 | (1) |
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Application to education in general |
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85 | (1) |
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Application to digital distance education |
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86 | (5) |
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91 | (2) |
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93 | (1) |
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Section 112 - Ephemeral recordings |
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93 | (2) |
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Section 114 - Scope of exclusive rights in sound recordings |
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95 | (3) |
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Section 111 - Secondary transmissions |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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Additional Provisions Relevant to Distance Educators |
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99 | (5) |
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Section 512 - Online Service Provider Liability |
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100 | (2) |
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Chapter 12 - Technological Adjucts to Copyright |
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102 | (2) |
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104 | (7) |
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104 | (3) |
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Impact of Any Amendments Abroad |
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107 | (4) |
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Prior Initiatives Addressing Copyright and Digital Distance Education |
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111 | (16) |
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111 | (8) |
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The Educational Multimedia Fair Use Guidelines |
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113 | (3) |
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The CONFU Proposal for Fair Use Guidelines for Distance Learning |
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116 | (3) |
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Congressional Consideration |
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119 | (8) |
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119 | (2) |
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121 | (1) |
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Initial Copyright Office Recommendations |
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122 | (3) |
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125 | (2) |
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Should Current Law be Changed? |
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127 | (42) |
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The Views of Interested Parties |
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127 | (13) |
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127 | (2) |
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129 | (2) |
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Instructional Exemptions - Section 110 |
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131 | (4) |
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Provisions of Any New or Amended Exemption |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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Eligibility for exemption |
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137 | (1) |
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Nonprofit nature of distance education activities |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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Technological protection measures |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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Limitations on student copying or retention of materials |
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139 | (1) |
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Coverage of electronic reserves |
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139 | (1) |
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Provision of information about copyright law |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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Analysis and Recommendations |
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140 | (29) |
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142 | (2) |
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144 | (2) |
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Recommendations as to Statutory Language |
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146 | (1) |
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Clarify meaning of ``transmission'' |
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146 | (1) |
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Expand coverage of rights to extent technologically necessary |
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146 | (1) |
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Emphasize concept of mediated instruction |
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147 | (1) |
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Eliminate requirement of physical classroom |
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148 | (2) |
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Add new safeguards to counteract new risks |
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150 | (3) |
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Maintain existing standards of eligibility |
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153 | (1) |
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Expand categories of works covered |
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154 | (5) |
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Require use of lawful copies |
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159 | (1) |
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Add new ephemeral recording exemption |
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160 | (1) |
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Clarification of Fair Use |
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161 | (2) |
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163 | (5) |
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International Considerations |
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168 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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Impact of U.S. distance education exemption abroad |
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169 | |
