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E-book: Commentary on the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC)

Edited by (Professor of Comparative Law, University of Oxford)
  • Format: 1584 pages
  • Pub. Date: 26-Mar-2015
  • Publisher: Oxford University Press
  • Language: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780191007125
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  • Format: 1584 pages
  • Pub. Date: 26-Mar-2015
  • Publisher: Oxford University Press
  • Language: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780191007125
Other books in subject:

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This new edition of the leading commentary on the Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) has been updated to include the 26 additional provisions brought in by the PICC 2010. The text on the older provisions has been updated in order to draw together and comment on recent case-law and legal writing.

This book provides commentary on the substantive rules on contracts with a comprehensive analysis of each provision, and relevant case law, and compares national provisions with the PICC. The topics of conditions, illegality and plurality of obligors and obligees are covered for the first time in this new edition.

This book is an essential reference source for lawyers wishing to understand the rules governing international contracts and how to apply the principles in practice. It is an indispensable tool for all lawyers and scholars working with international commercial contracts.

Reviews

In sum, the Vogenauer book belongs in every library intended to support the making and interpretation of cross-border contracts. The book provides a triple value: (1) it gives advice and inspiration to international practitioners; (2) it inspires academic debate; and (3) it may also inspire UNIDROIT itself to continue its important work in the distilling and shaping of further international commercial principles, including the Official Comments. * Eckart Brödermann, International Trade Law & Regulation. * The quality of the commentary and writing in this excellent and beautifully produced book is of the very highest order. It is essential reading for anyone with an interest in the PICC. * Eric Clive, Edinburgh Studies in Law * Whatever the justification of or reason for applying and considering the PICC in a particular context, a perusal of the Commentary and careful examination of the analyses contained therein can only be highly recommended ... the book is an excellent resource for the study of international arbitration for novices and experienced hands alike. * Johannes Landbrecht, ASA Bulletin, Sep 2015 *

  List of contributors
  xxiii  
Abbreviations   xxv  
  Table of Transnational Instruments
  xli  
  Table of National Instruments
  lxxi  
  Table of Cases
  lxxxix  
UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (2010): Full Text in all Official Language Versions   cxvii  
  Table of Correspondence of the Articles of the 1994, 2004, and 2010 Editions of the PICC
  cclxxix  
General Bibliography   cclxxxiv  
Introduction (Vogenauer)   1 (149)
  Preamble I Purposes, Legal Nature, And Scope Of The PICC; Applicability By Courts; Use Of The PICC For The Purpose Of Interpretation And Supplementation And As A Model (Michaels)
  31 (79)
  Preamble II The Use Of The PICC In Arbitration (Scherer)
  110 (40)
  Chapter 1 General Provisions
  150 (102)
  Introduction to
Chapter 1 of the PICC (Vogenauer)
  150 (4)
  General Provisions I Arts 1.1--1.3---Fundamental principles
  154 (12)
  Art 1.1 (Freedom of contract)(Vogenauer)
  155 (4)
  Art 1.2 (No form required)(Vogenauer)
  159 (4)
  Art 1.3 (Binding character of contract)(Vogenauer)
  163 (3)
  General Provisions II Arts 1.4--1.5---Mandatory rules
  166 (14)
  Art 1.4 (Mandatory rules)(Cuniberti)
  167 (8)
  Art 1.5 (Exclusion or modification by the parties)(Cuniberti)
  175 (5)
  General Provisions III Arts 1.6--1.12---Application of the PICC
  180 (72)
  Art 1.6 (Interpretation and supplementation of the Principles)(Vogenauer)
  181 (24)
  Art 1.7 (Good faith and fair dealing)(Vogenauer)
  205 (21)
  Art 1.8 (Inconsistent behaviour)(Vogenauer)
  226 (6)
  Art 1.9 (Usages and practices)(Vogenauer)
  232 (9)
  Art 1.10 (Notice)(Vogenauer)
  241 (6)
  Art 1.11 (Definitions)(Vogenauer)
  247 (2)
  Art 1.12 (Computation of time set by parties)(Vogenauer)
  249 (3)
  Chapter 2 Formation And Authority Of Agents
  252 (210)
  Section 1 Formation
  252 (10)
  Introduction to Arts 2.1.1--2.1.14 (Anderson)
  253 (9)
  Formation I Arts 2.1.1--2.1.5---Offer
  262 (23)
  Art 2.1.1 (Manner of formation)(Nottage)
  262 (4)
  Art 2.1.2 (Definition of offer)(Nottage)
  266 (7)
  Art 2.1.3 (Withdrawal of offer)(Nottage)
  273 (3)
  Art 2.1.4 (Revocation of offer)(Nottage)
  276 (7)
  Art 2.1.5 (Rejection of offer)(Nottage)
  283 (2)
  Formation II Arts 2.1.6--2.1.14---Acceptance
  285 (57)
  Art 2.1.6 (Mode of acceptance)(Anderson)
  285 (15)
  Art 2.1.7 (Time of acceptance)(Anderson)
  300 (5)
  Art 2.1.8 (Acceptance within a fixed period of time)(Anderson)
  305 (2)
  Art 2.1.9 (Late acceptance. Delay in transmission)(Anderson)
  307 (6)
  Art 2.1.10 (Withdrawal of acceptance)(Anderson)
  313 (1)
  Art 2.1.11 (Modified acceptance)(Anderson)
  314 (7)
  Art 2.1.12 (Writings in confirmation)(Anderson)
  321 (7)
  Art 2.1.13 (Conclusion of contract dependent on agreement on specific matters or in a particular form)(Anderson)
  328 (4)
  Art 2.1.l4 (Contract with terms deliberately left open)(Anderson)
  332 (10)
  Formation III Arts 2.1.15--2.1.16---Negotiations
  342 (29)
  Art 2.1.15 (Negotiations in bad faith)(Zuloaga Rios)
  344 (20)
  Art 2.1.16 (Duty of confidentiality)(Zuloaga Rios)
  364 (7)
  Formation IV Arts 2.1.17--2.1.18---Integrity of writing
  371 (9)
  Art 2.1.17 (Merger clauses)(Vogenauer)
  371 (4)
  Art 2.1.18 (Modification in a particular form)(Vogenauer)
  375 (5)
  Formation V Arts 2.1.19--2.1.22---Standard terms
  380 (35)
  Introduction to Arts 2.1.19--2.1.22 (Naude)
  382 (2)
  Art 2.1.19 (Contracting under standard terms)(Naude)
  384 (14)
  Art 2.1.20 (Surprising terms)(Naude)
  398 (7)
  Art 2.1.21 (Conflict between standard terms and non-standard terms)(Naude)
  405 (3)
  Art 2.1.22 (Battle of forms)(Naude)
  408 (7)
  Section 2 Authority of agents
  415 (47)
  Art 2.2.1 (Scope of the Section)(Krebs)
  416 (6)
  Art 2.2.2 (Establishment and scope of the authority of the agent)(Krebs)
  422 (4)
  Art 2.2.3 (Agency disclosed)(Krebs)
  426 (5)
  Art 2.2.4 (Agency undisclosed)(Krebs)
  431 (5)
  Art 2.2.5 (Agent acting without or exceeding its authority)(Krebs)
  436 (7)
  Art 2.2.6 (Liability of agent acting without or exceeding its authority)(Krebs)
  443 (3)
  Art 2.2.7 (Conflict of interests)(Krebs)
  446 (4)
  Art 2.2.8 (Sub-agency)(Krebs)
  450 (4)
  Art 2.2.9 (Ratification)(Krebs)
  454 (6)
  Art 2.2.10 (Termination of authority)(Krebs)
  460 (2)
  Chapter 3 Validity
  462 (106)
  Introduction to
Chapter 3 of the PICC (Huber)
  462 (2)
  Section 1 General provisions
  464 (11)
  Art 3.1.1 (Matters not covered)(Huber)
  464 (2)
  Art 3.1.2 (Validity of mere agreement)(Huber)
  466 (3)
  Art 3.1.3 (Initial impossibility)(Huber)
  469 (3)
  Art 3.1.4 (Mandatory character of the provisions)(du Plessis)
  472 (3)
  Section 2 Grounds for avoidance
  475 (81)
  Art 3.2.1 (Definition of mistake)(Huber)
  475 (3)
  Art 3.2.2 (Relevant mistake)(Huber)
  478 (11)
  Art 3.2.3 (Error in expression or transmission)(Huber)
  489 (5)
  Art 3.2.4 (Remedies for non-performance)(Huber)
  494 (3)
  Art 3.2.5 (Fraud)(du Plessis)
  497 (8)
  Art 3.2.6 (Threat)(du Plessis)
  505 (6)
  Art 3.2.7 (Gross disparity)(du Plessis)
  511 (8)
  Art 3.2.8 (Third persons)(du Plessis)
  519 (5)
  Art 3.2.9 (Confirmation)(Huber)
  524 (3)
  Art 3.2.10 (Loss of right to avoid)(Huber)
  527 (3)
  Art 3.2.11 (Notice of avoidance)(Huber)
  530 (2)
  Art 3.2.12 (Time limits)(Huber)
  532 (3)
  Art 3.2.13 (Partial avoidance)(Huber)
  535 (3)
  Art 3.2.l4 (Retroactive effect of avoidance)(du Plessis)
  538 (2)
  Art 3.2.15 (Restitution)(du Plessis)
  540 (11)
  Art 3.2.16 (Damages)(Huber)
  551 (4)
  Art 3.2.17 (Unilateral declarations)(Huber)
  555 (1)
  Section 3 Illegality
  556 (12)
  Introduction to Section 3.3 of the PICC (Cuniberti)
  557 (1)
  Art 3.3.1 (Contracts infringing mandatory rules)(Cuniberti)
  558 (7)
  Art 3.3.2 (Restitution)(Cuniberti)
  565 (3)
  Chapter 4 Interpretation
  568 (49)
  Introduction to
Chapter 4 of the PICC (Vogenauer)
  570 (5)
  Art 4.1 (Intention of the parties)(Vogenauer)
  575 (8)
  Art 4.2 (Interpretation of statements and other conduct)(Vogenauer)
  583 (4)
  Art 4.3 (Relevant circumstances)(Vogenauer)
  587 (12)
  Art 4.4 (Reference to contract or statement as a whole)(Vogenauer)
  599 (2)
  Art 4.5 (All terms to be given effect)(Vogenauer)
  601 (3)
  Art 4.6 (Contra proferentem rule)(Vogenauer)
  604 (4)
  Art 4.7 (Linguistic discrepancies)(Vogenauer)
  608 (3)
  Art 4.8 (Supplying an omitted term)(Vogenauer)
  611 (6)
  Chapter 5 Content, Third Party Rights And Conditions
  617 (98)
  Section 1 Content
  617 (37)
  Art 5.1.1 (Express and implied obligations)(Vogenauer)
  618 (1)
  Art 5.1.2 (Implied obligations)(Vogenauer)
  619 (1)
  Art 5.1.3 (Co-operation between the parties)(Vogenauer)
  620 (6)
  Art 5.1.4 (Duty to achieve a specific result. Duty of best efforts)(Vogenauer)
  626 (4)
  Art 5.1.5 (Determination of kind of duty involved)(Vogenauer)
  630 (2)
  Art 5.1.6 (Determination of quality of performance)(Vogenauer)
  632 (3)
  Art 5.1.7 (Price determination)(Vogenauer)
  635 (8)
  Art 5.1.8 (Contract for an indefinite period)(Vogenauer)
  643 (5)
  Art 5.1.9 (Release by agreement)(Vogenauer)
  648 (6)
  Section 2 Third party rights
  654 (34)
  Introduction to Section 5.2 of the PICC (Vogenauer)
  655 (3)
  Art 5.2.1 (Contracts in favour of third parties)(Vogenauer)
  658 (16)
  Art 5.2.2 (Third party identifiable)(Vogenauer)
  674 (3)
  Art 5.2.3 (Exclusion and limitation clauses)(Vogenauer)
  677 (2)
  Art 5.2.4 (Defences)(Vogenauer)
  679 (2)
  Art 5.2.5 (Revocation)(Vogenauer)
  681 (4)
  Art 5.2.6 (Renunciation)(Vogenauer)
  685 (3)
  Section 3 Conditions
  688 (27)
  Introduction to Section 5.3 of the PICC (Rowan)
  689 (1)
  Art 5.3.1 (Types of condition)(Rowan)
  690 (6)
  Art 5.3.2 (Effect of conditions)(Rowan)
  696 (4)
  Art 5.3.3 (Interference with conditions)(Rowan)
  700 (8)
  Art 5.3.4 (Duty to preserve rights)(Rowan)
  708 (3)
  Art 5.3.5 (Restitution in case of fulfilment of a resolutive condition)(Rowan)
  711 (4)
  Chapter 6 Performance
  715 (108)
  Section 1 Performance in general
  715 (91)
  Art 6.1.1 (Time of performance)(Atamer)
  716 (9)
  Art 6.1.2 (Performance at one time or in instalments)(Atamer)
  725 (2)
  Art 6.1.3 (Partial performance)(Atamer)
  727 (7)
  Art 6.1.4 (Order of performance)(Atamer)
  734 (7)
  Art 6.1.5 (Earlier performance)(Atamer)
  741 (4)
  Art 6.1.6 (Place of performance)(Atamer)
  745 (11)
  Art 6.1.7 (Payment by cheque or other instrument)(Atamer)
  756 (6)
  Art 6.1.8 (Payment by funds transfer)(Atamer)
  762 (6)
  Art 6.1.9 (Currency of payment)(Atamer)
  768 (6)
  Art 6.1.10 (Currency not expressed)(Atamer)
  774 (2)
  Art 6.1.11 (Costs of performance)(Atamer)
  776 (4)
  Art 6.1.12 (Imputation of payments)(Atamer)
  780 (8)
  Art 6.1.13 (Imputation of non-monetary obligations)(Atamer)
  788 (1)
  Art 6.1.14 (Application for public permission)(Atamer)
  789 (9)
  Art 6.1.15 (Procedure in applying for permission)(Atamer)
  798 (3)
  Art 6.1.16 (Permission neither granted nor refused)(Atamer)
  801 (2)
  Art 6.1.17 (Permission refused)(Atamer)
  803 (3)
  Section 2 Hardship
  806 (17)
  Introduction to Section 6.2 of the PICC (McKendrick)
  808 (4)
  Art 6.2.1 (Contract to be observed)(McKendrick)
  812 (2)
  Art 6.2.2 (Definition of hardship)(McKendrick)
  814 (5)
  Art 6.2.3 (Effects of hardship)(McKendrick)
  819 (4)
  Chapter 7 Non-Performance
  823 (210)
  Section 1 Non-performance in general
  823 (58)
  Introduction to Section 7.1 of the PICC (Schelhaas)
  825 (4)
  Art 7.1.1 (Non-performance defined)(Schelhaas)
  829 (4)
  Art 7.1.2 (Interference by the other party)(Schelhaas)
  833 (4)
  Art 7.1.3 (Withholding performance)(Schelhaas)
  837 (8)
  Art 7.1.4 (Cure by non-performing party)(Schelhaas)
  845 (6)
  Art 7.1.5 (Additional period for performance)(Schelhaas)
  851 (7)
  Art 7.1.6 (Exemption clauses)(Schelhaas)
  858 (6)
  Art 7.1.7 (Force majeure)(Pichonnaz)
  864 (17)
  Section 2 Right to performance
  881 (35)
  Introduction to Section 7.2 of the PICC (Schelhaas)
  883 (1)
  Art 7.2.1 (Performance of monetary obligation)(Schelhaas)
  884 (3)
  Art 7.2.2 (Performance of non-monetary obligation)(Schelhaas)
  887 (17)
  Art 7.2.3 (Repair and replacement of defective performance)(Schelhaas)
  904 (5)
  Art 7.2.4 (Judicial penalty)(Schelhaas)
  909 (4)
  Art 7.2.5 (Change of remedy)(Schelhaas)
  913 (3)
  Section 3 Termination
  916 (56)
  Introduction to Section 7.3 of the PICC (Huber)
  918 (2)
  Art 7.3.1 (Right to terminate the contract)(Huber)
  920 (22)
  Art 7.3.2 (Notice of termination)(Huber)
  942 (4)
  Art 7.3.3 (Anticipatory non-performance)(Huber)
  946 (4)
  Art 7.3.4 (Adequate assurance of due performance)(Huber)
  950 (5)
  Art 7.3.5 (Effects of termination in general)(Huber)
  955 (3)
  Art 7.3.6 (Restitution with respect to contracts to be performed at one time)(Huber)
  958 (11)
  Art 7.3.7 (Restitution with respect to contracts to be performed over a period of time)(Huber)
  969 (3)
  Section 4 Damages
  972 (61)
  Introduction to Section 7.4 of the PICC (McKendrick)
  973 (3)
  Art 7.4.1 (Right to damages)(McKendrick)
  976 (4)
  Art 7.4.2 (Full compensation)(McKendrick)
  980 (8)
  Art 7.4.3 (Certainty of harm)(McKendrick)
  988 (5)
  Art 7.4.4 (Foreseeability of harm)(McKendrick)
  993 (4)
  Art 7.4.5 (Proof of harm in case of replacement transaction)(McKendrick)
  997 (5)
  Art 7.4.6 (Proof of harm by current price)(McKendrick)
  1002 (3)
  Art 7.4.7 (Harm due in part to aggrieved party)(McKendrick)
  1005 (3)
  Art 7.4.8 (Mitigation of harm)(McKendrick)
  1008 (4)
  Art 7.4.9 (Interest for failure to pay money)(McKendrick)
  1012 (6)
  Art 7.4.10 (Interest on damages)(McKendrick)
  1018 (3)
  Art 7.4.11 (Manner of monetary redress)(McKendrick)
  1021 (2)
  Art 7.4.12 (Currency in which to assess damages)(McKendrick)
  1023 (2)
  Art 7.4.13 (Agreed payment for non-performance)(McKendrick)
  1025 (8)
  Chapter 8 Set-Off
  1033 (43)
  Introduction to
Chapter 8 of the PICC (Pichonnaz)
  1035 (3)
  Art 8.1 (Conditions of set-off)(Pichonnaz)
  1038 (16)
  Art 8.2 (Foreign currency set-off)(Pichonnaz)
  1054 (6)
  Art 8.3 (Set-off by notice)(Pichonnaz)
  1060 (7)
  Art 8.4 (Content of notice)(Pichonnaz)
  1067 (5)
  Art 8.5 (Effect of set-off)(Pichonnaz)
  1072 (4)
  Chapter 9 Assignment Of Rights, Transfer Of Obligations, Assignment Of Contracts
  1076 (78)
  Introduction to
Chapter 9 of the PICC (Mazza)
  1077 (4)
  Section 1 Assignment of rights
  1081 (49)
  Art 9.1.1 (Definitions)(Mazza)
  1081 (5)
  Art 9.1.2 (Exclusions)(Mazza)
  1086 (1)
  Art 9.1.3 (Assignability of non-monetary rights)(Mazza)
  1087 (3)
  Art 9.1.4 (Partial assignment)(Mazza)
  1090 (2)
  Art 9.1.5 (Future rights)(Mazza)
  1092 (4)
  Art 9.1.6 (Rights assigned without individual specification)(Mazza)
  1096 (2)
  Art 9.1.7 (Agreement between assignor and assignee sufficient)(Mazza)
  1098 (3)
  Art 9.1.8 (Obligor's additional costs)(Mazza)
  1101 (2)
  Art 9.1.9 (Non-assignment clauses)(Mazza)
  1103 (4)
  Art 9.1.10 (Notice to the obligor)(Mazza)
  1107 (5)
  Art 9.1.11 (Successive assignments)(Mazza)
  1112 (3)
  Art 9.1.12 (Adequate proof of assignment)(Mazza)
  1115 (2)
  Art 9.1.13 (Defences and rights of set-off)(Mazza)
  1117 (8)
  Art 9.1.14 (Rights related to the right assigned)(Mazza)
  1125 (2)
  Art 9.1.15 (Undertakings of the assignor)(Mazza)
  1127 (3)
  Section 2 Transfer of obligations
  1130 (15)
  Art 9.2.1 (Modes of transfer)(Mazza)
  1130 (3)
  Art 9.2.2 (Exclusion)(Mazza)
  1133 (1)
  Art 9.2.3 (Requirement of obligee's consent to transfer)(Mazza)
  1134 (1)
  Art 9.2.4 (Advance consent of obligee)(Mazza)
  1135 (1)
  Art 9.2.5 (Discharge of original obligor)(Mazza)
  1136 (2)
  Art 9.2.6 (Third party performance)(Mazza)
  1138 (1)
  Art 9.2.7 (Defences and rights of set-off)(Mazza)
  1139 (4)
  Art 9.2.8 (Rights related to the obligation transferred)(Mazza)
  1143 (2)
  Section 3 Assignment of contracts
  1145 (9)
  Art 9.3.1 (Definitions)(Mazza)
  1145 (2)
  Art 9.3.2 (Exclusion)(Mazza)
  1147 (1)
  Art 9.3.3 (Requirement of consent of the other party)(Mazza)
  1148 (1)
  Art 9.3.4 (Advance consent of the other party)(Mazza)
  1149 (1)
  Art 9.3.5 (Discharge of the assignor)(Mazza)
  1150 (2)
  Art 9.3.6 (Defences and rights of set-off)(Mazza)
  1152 (1)
  Art 9.3.7 (Rights transferred with the contract)(Mazza)
  1153 (1)
  Chapter 10 Limitation Periods
  1154 (39)
  Introduction to
Chapter 10 of the PICC (Wintgen)
  1155 (1)
  Art 10.1 (Scope of the
Chapter)(Wintgen)
  1156 (4)
  Art 10.2 (Limitation periods)(Wintgen)
  1160 (5)
  Art 10.3 (Modification of limitation periods by the parties)(Wintgen)
  1165 (4)
  Art 10.4 (New limitation period by acknowledgement)(Wintgen)
  1169 (3)
  Art 10.5 (Suspension by judicial proceedings)(Wintgen)
  1172 (4)
  Art 10.6 (Suspension by arbitral proceedings)(Wintgen)
  1176 (3)
  Art 10.7 (Alternative dispute resolution)(Wintgen)
  1179 (3)
  Art 10.8 (Suspension in case of force majeure, death or incapacity)(Wintgen)
  1182 (5)
  Art 10.9 (The effects of expiration of limitation period)(Wintgen)
  1187 (3)
  Art 10.10 (Right of set-off)(Wintgen)
  1190 (2)
  Art 10.11 (Restitution)(Wintgen)
  1192 (1)
  Chapter 11 Plurality Of Obligors And Of Obligees
  1193 (74)
  Introduction to
Chapter 11 of the PICC (Meier)
  1193 (1)
  Section 1 Plurality of obligors
  1194 (48)
  Introduction to Section 11.1 of the PICC (Meier)
  1195 (1)
  Art 11.1.1 (Definitions)(Meier)
  1196 (6)
  Art 11.1.2 (Presumption of joint and several obligations)(Meier)
  1202 (2)
  Art 11.1.3 (Obligee's rights against joint and several obligors)(Meier)
  1204 (2)
  Art 11.1.4 (Availability of defences and rights of set-off)(Meier)
  1206 (3)
  Art 11.1.5 (Effect of 'performance or set-off)(Meier)
  1209 (2)
  Art 11.1.6 (Effect of release or settlement)(Meier)
  1211 (5)
  Art 11.1.7 (Effect of expiration or suspension of limitation period)(Meier)
  1216 (4)
  Art 11.1.8 (Effect of judgment)(Meier)
  1220 (3)
  Art 11.1.9 (Apportionment among joint and several obligors)(Meier)
  1223 (2)
  Art 11.1.10 (Extent of contributory claim)(Meier)
  1225 (4)
  Art 11.1.11 (Rights of the obligee)(Meier)
  1229 (5)
  Art 11.1.12 (Defences in contributory claims)(Meier)
  1234 (6)
  Art 11.1.13 (Inability to recover)(Meier)
  1240 (2)
  Section 2 Plurality of obligees
  1242 (25)
  Introduction to Section 11.2 of the PICC (Meier)
  1243 (1)
  Art 11.2.1 (Definitions)(Meier)
  1244 (11)
  Art 11.2.2 (Effects of joint and several claims)(Meier)
  1255 (3)
  Art 11.2.3 (Availability of defences against joint and several obligees)(Meier)
  1258 (6)
  Art 11.2.4 (Allocation between joint and several obligees)(Meier)
  1264 (3)
Appendix I Synopsis of Instruments: UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (2010), International Uniform Law Conventions, and Principles of European Contract Law   1267 (122)
Appendix II Bibliography   1389 (56)
Index   1445  
Stefan Vogenauer is Professor of Comparative Law at the University of Oxford, and a fellow of Brasenose College. He is Director of the Oxford Institute of European and Comparative Law. Prior to his appointment at Oxford, Professor Vogenauer was a Senior Research Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law and a part-time Lecturer at the Bucerius Law School.