1 Introduction |
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2 Trees and Canopies |
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2.2.1 Partitioning of Tree Components |
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2.2.2 Global Patterns of Mangrove Biomass |
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2.3.3 Balancing Carbon Gain and Water Loss |
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2.4 Tree Photosynthesis and Respiration |
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2.4.1 Photosynthetic Rates |
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2.5.1 Methods and Their Limitations |
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2.5.2 Carbon Allocation of Primary Productivity |
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2.5.3 Rates and Patterns of Net Primary Productivity |
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2.5.4 Nutrient Limitation and Nutrient-Use Efficiency |
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2.5.5 Other Primary Producers |
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2.6 Life in the Canopy and Root Epibionts |
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3 Water and Sediment Dynamics |
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3.2.1 Flow in Relation to Geomorphology |
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3.2.2 Flow in Relation to Vegetation and Other Biological Structures |
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3.5 Sediment Transport and Flocculation |
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3.6 Sedimentation and Accretion: Short-Term Versus Long-Term Dynamics |
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3.7 Chemical and Biological Consequences of Water and Sediment Flow |
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4 Life in Tidal Waters |
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4.2 Physicochemical and Biochemical Attributes |
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4.3 Loops, Chains, and Hubs in the Microbial Machinery |
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4.4 Phytoplankton Dynamics |
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4.5 Are Mangrove Waters Net Heterotrophic or Autotrophic? |
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4.6.1 Factors Affecting Abundance, Composition, and Biomass |
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4.6.2 Diets and Grazing Rates |
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4.6.3 Secondary Production |
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4.7 Nekton: Diets, Growth, and Trophic Links |
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4.8 Is There a Link Between Mangroves and Fisheries Production? |
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5 The Forest Floor |
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5.2 Soil Composition and Physicochemical Attributes |
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5.3 Life on the Forest Floor |
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5.3.1 The Role of Crabs in Consumption of Seeds and Litter |
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5.3.2 Patterns of Microbial Decomposition of Litter |
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5.3.3 Crabs as Ecosystem Engineers |
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5.3.4 Trophic Dynamics of Other Macrobenthos |
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5.4 Microbial Processes in Forest Soils |
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5.4.1 Rates and Pathways of Bacterial Decomposition of Soil Organic Matter |
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5.4.3 Iron and Manganese Reduction |
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5.4.5 Nitrogen Processes and Links to Trees |
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5.4.6 Aspects of Phosphorus Cycling |
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6 Ecosystem Dynamics |
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6.2 Material Exchange: The Outwelling Concept |
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6.2.1 Carbon Export to the Coastal Ocean and the Atmosphere |
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6.2.2 Dissolved Nitrogen and Phosphorus Exchange |
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6.3 Carbon Balance in Mangrove Ecosystems |
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6.3.1 Whole-Ecosystem Balances |
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6.3.2 The Mass Balance Approach |
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6.4 Nitrogen Flow Through Mangrove Ecosystems: The Hinchinbrook Island Study |
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6.6 Systems Analysis: Understanding Links Among Various Functions of an Ecosystem |
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6.6.2 Ecohydrology: Linking Physics and Ecology for Management Applications |
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6.7 Ecological Economics and Sustainability of Mangroves |
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6.7.1 Models of Resource Economics |
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6.7.2 Using Ecosystems Data to Quantify Sustainability |
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7 Synthesis |
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7.1 Developing a Global View |
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7.1.1 A Budget and Its Implications |
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7.1.2 The Contribution of Mangroves to Carbon Cycling in the Global Coastal Ocean |
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7.2 The Most Important Facts Regarding Mangrove Energetics |
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References |
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179 | |
Index |
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213 | |