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El. knyga: 5 Steps to a 5: AP Chemistry 2023

4.00/5 (3 ratings by Goodreads)

John Moore, Richard Langley, Mary Millhollon

Formatas: 528 pages
Išleidimo metai: 01-Aug-2022
Leidėjas: McGraw-Hill Education
Kalba: eng
ISBN-13: 9781264483068

Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:

Chemistry

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Formatas: 528 pages
Išleidimo metai: 01-Aug-2022
Leidėjas: McGraw-Hill Education
Kalba: eng
ISBN-13: 9781264483068

Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:

Chemistry

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Updated to reflect the current exam, this popular AP test prep offers a wealth of study materials, pro tips, and practice tests—accessible in print, online, and mobile devices.

Year after year, AP students choose “5 Steps to a 5” series because it’s relevant, accurate, and comprehensive. It explains the tough stuff, offers tons of practice and explanations, and helps you set up a personalized plan to make the most efficient use of your study time. 5 Steps to a 5: AP Chemistry is more than a review guide; it’s a system that’s helped thousands of students walk into test day feeling ready and confident.

MATCHES THE LATEST EXAM!

Let us supplement your AP classroom experience with this multi-platform study guide.

The immensely popular 5 Steps to a 5: AP Chemistry guide has been updated for the 2022-23 school year and now contains:

3 full-length practice tests (in the book and online) that reflect the latest exam
Access to a robust online platform
Comprehensive overview of the AP Chemistry exam format
Hundreds of practice exercises with thorough answer explanations
Proven strategies specific to each section of the test
A self-guided study plan including flashcards, games, and more online
NEW! 5 Steps to Teaching AP: A Teacher’s Guide

Preface

xiii

Acknowledgments

xiv

About the Authors

xiv

Introduction: The Five-Step Program

STEP 1 Set Up Your Study Program

1 What You Need to Know About the AP Chemistry Exam

(8)

Background of the Advanced Placement Program

(1)

Who Writes the AP Chemistry Exam?

(1)

The AP Grades and Who Receives Them

(1)

Reasons for Taking the AP Chemistry Exam

(1)

Questions Frequently Asked About the AP Chemistry Exam

(6)

2 How to Plan Your Time

(8)

Three Approaches to Preparing for the AP Chemistry Exam

(3)

Calendar for Each Plan

(5)

STEP 2 Determine Your Test Readiness

3 Take a Diagnostic Exam

(40)

Getting Started: The Diagnostic Exam

(1)

AP Chemistry Final Practice Exam, Section I (Multiple Choice)

(13)

Answers and Explanations for Final Practice Exam, Section I (Multiple Choice)

(7)

AP Chemistry Final Practice Exam, Section II (Free Response)

(6)

Answers and Explanations for Final Practice Exam, Section II (Free Response)

(9)

Scoring and Interpretation

(3)

STEP 3 Develop Strategies for Success

4 How to Approach Each Question Type

(10)

Multiple-Choice Questions

(3)

Free-Response Questions

(7)

STEP 4 Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High

5 Basics

(28)

Units and Measurements

(1)

Dimensional Analysis---the Factor Label Method

(1)

The States of Matter

(1)

Phase Diagrams

(2)

The Structure of the Atom

(8)

Oxidation Numbers

(1)

Nomenclature Overview

(6)

Experiments

(1)

Common Mistakes to Avoid

(1)

Review Questions

(2)

Answers and Explanations

(2)

Free-Response Question

(1)

Answer and Explanation

(1)

Rapid Review

(2)

6 Stoichiometry

(20)

Moles and Molar Mass

(1)

Percent Composition and Empirical Formulas

(2)

Introduction to Reactions

100

(1)

Reaction Stoichiometry

100

(2)

Limiting Reactants

102

(1)

Percent Yield

103

(1)

Molarity and Solution Calculations

104

(1)

Experiments

104

(1)

Common Mistakes to Avoid

105

(1)

Review Questions

105

(3)

Answers and Explanations

108

(4)

Free-Response Question

112

(1)

Answer and Explanation

113

(1)

Rapid Review

114

(3)

7 Spectroscopy, Light, and Electrons

117

(14)

The Nature of Light

118

(1)

Spectroscopy and the Electromagnetic Spectrum

119

(1)

Beer--Lambert Law

120

(1)

Wave Properties of Matter

121

(1)

Atomic Spectra

121

(1)

Atomic Orbitals

122

(2)

Photoelectron (Photoemission) Spectroscopy (PES)

124

(1)

Experiments

124

(1)

Common Mistakes to Avoid

124

(1)

Review Questions

125

(2)

Answers and Explanations

127

(1)

Free-Response Question

128

(1)

Answer and Explanation

129

(1)

Rapid Review

130

(1)

8 Bonding

131

(22)

Lewis Electron-Dot Structures

132

(1)

Ionic and Covalent Bonding

132

(4)

Molecular Geometry---VSEPR

136

(3)

Valence Bond Theory

139

(1)

Molecular Orbital Theory

140

(2)

Resonance

142

(1)

Bond Length, Strength, and Magnetic Properties

143

(1)

Structure of Metals and Alloys

143

(2)

Experiments

145

(1)

Common Mistakes to Avoid

145

(1)

Review Questions

146

(2)

Answers and Explanations

148

(1)

Free-Response Question

149

(1)

Answer and Explanation

150

(1)

Rapid Review

151

(2)

9 Solids, Liquids, and Intermolecular Forces

153

(16)

Structures and Intermolecular Forces

154

(2)

The Liquid State

156

(1)

The Solid State

157

(2)

Relationship of Intermolecular Forces to Phase Changes

159

(1)

Potential Energy

160

(1)

Experiments

161

(1)

Common Mistakes to Avoid

161

(1)

Review Questions

161

(3)

Answers and Explanations

164

(1)

Free-Response Question

165

(1)

Answer and Explanation

166

(1)

Rapid Review

166

(3)

10 Gases

169

(22)

Kinetic Molecular Theory

170

(1)

Gas Law Relationships

171

(10)

Experiments

181

(2)

Common Mistakes to Avoid

183

(1)

Review Questions

184

(2)

Answers and Explanations

186

(2)

Free-Response Question

188

(1)

Answer and Explanation

189

(1)

Rapid Review

190

(1)

11 Solutions

191

(18)

Concentration Units

192

(2)

Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes

194

(1)

Colligative Properties

195

(2)

Colloids

197

(1)

Composition of Mixtures

198

(1)

Separation of Solutions and Mixtures Chromatography

199

(1)

Experiments

200

(1)

Common Mistakes to Avoid

201

(1)

Review Questions

201

(3)

Answers and Explanations

204

(2)

Free-Response Questions

206

(1)

Answers and Explanations

207

(1)

Rapid Review

207

(2)

12 Reactions and Periodicity

209

(22)

AP Exam Format

210

(1)

General Aspects of Chemical Reactions and Equations

210

(2)

General Properties of Aqueous Solutions

212

(1)

Precipitation Reactions

213

(1)

Oxidation--Reduction Reactions

214

(4)

Coordination Compounds

218

(1)

Acid---Base Reactions

219

(4)

Experiments

223

(1)

Common Mistakes to Avoid

223

(1)

Review Questions

224

(2)

Answers and Explanations

226

(2)

Free-Response Question

228

(1)

Answer and Explanation

229

(1)

Rapid Review

229

(2)

13 Kinetics

231

(22)

How Reactions Occur---Collision Model

232

(1)

Rates of Reaction

233

(3)

Integrated Rate Laws

236

(2)

Reaction Energy Profile

238

(1)

Activation Energy

239

(1)

Reaction Mechanisms

239

(1)

Steady-State Approximation

240

(1)

Multistep Reaction Energy Profile

240

(1)

Catalysts

240

(2)

Experiments

242

(1)

Common Mistakes to Avoid

242

(1)

Review Questions

243

(3)

Answers and Explanations

246

(2)

Free-Response Question

248

(1)

Answer and Explanation

249

(1)

Rapid Review

250

(3)

14 Thermodynamics

253

(22)

Energy Diagrams

254

(1)

Heat Transfer and Thermal Equilibrium

254

(1)

Calorimetry

255

(2)

Energy of Phase Changes

257

(1)

Introduction to Enthalpy of Reaction

258

(1)

Bond Enthalpies

259

(1)

Laws of Thermodynamics

260

(1)

Hess's Law

260

(2)

Enthalpies of Formation

262

(3)

Thermodynamics and Equilibrium

265

(1)

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Control

265

(1)

Coupled Reactions

265

(1)

Experiments

266

(1)

Common Mistakes to Avoid

266

(1)

Review Questions

267

(3)

Answers and Explanations

270

(2)

Free-Response Question

272

(1)

Answer and Explanation

272

(1)

Rapid Review

273

(2)

15 Equilibrium

275

(24)

Equilibrium Expressions

277

(1)

Magnitude of the Equilibrium Constant

277

(1)

Properties of the Equilibrium Constant

278

(1)

Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations

279

(2)

Representations of Equilibrium

281

(1)

Le Chatelier's Principle

282

(3)

Solubility Equilibria

285

(2)

Common-Ion Effect

287

(1)

pH and Solubility

287

(1)

Free Energy of Dissolution

288

(1)

Other Equilibria

289

(1)

Experiments

289

(1)

Common Mistakes to Avoid

289

(1)

Review Questions

290

(2)

Answers and Explanations

292

(3)

Free-Response Question

295

(1)

Answer and Explanation

296

(2)

Rapid Review

298

(1)

16 Acids and Bases

299

(28)

Acid--Base Equilibrium

300

(2)

Ka---the Acid Dissociation Constant

302

(1)

Kw---the Water Dissociation Constant

303

(1)

Molecular Structure of Acids and Bases

304

(1)

305

(1)

Kb---the Base Dissociation Constant

306

(2)

Acidic/Basic Properties of Salts

308

(1)

Buffers

309

(2)

Acid--Base Reactions and Buffers

311

(1)

Titration Equilibria

312

(5)

Experiments

317

(1)

Common Mistakes to Avoid

317

(1)

Review Questions

318

(3)

Answers and Explanations

321

(2)

Free-Response Question

323

(1)

Answer and Explanation

324

(1)

Rapid Review

324

(3)

17 Electrochemistry

327

(22)

Redox Reactions

328

(1)

Electrochemical Cells

328

(7)

Quantitative Aspects of Electrochemistry

335

(1)

Nernst Equation

336

(2)

Electrolysis and Faraday's Law

338

(1)

Experiments

338

(1)

Common Mistakes to Avoid

338

(1)

Review Questions

339

(3)

Answers and Explanations

342

(2)

Free-Response Question

344

(1)

Answer and Explanation

344

(1)

Rapid Review

345

(4)

Additional Review and Applications

18 Nuclear Chemistry

349

(10)

Nuclear Reactions

350

(1)

Natural Radioactive Decay Modes

350

(2)

Nuclear Stability

352

(1)

Nuclear Decay Calculations

352

(1)

Mass--Energy Relationships

353

(1)

Common Mistakes to Avoid

354

(1)

Review Questions

354

(2)

Answers and Explanations

356

(1)

Free-Response Question

356

(1)

Answer and Explanation

357

(1)

Rapid Review

358

(1)

19 Organic Chemistry

359

(10)

Hydrocarbons

360

(1)

Structural Isomerism

360

(1)

Common Functional Groups

361

(1)

Acid-Base Chemistry

361

(2)

Experiments

363

(1)

Common Mistakes to Avoid

364

(1)

Review Questions

364

(1)

Answers and Explanations

365

(1)

Free-Response Questions

366

(1)

Answers and Explanations

366

(2)

Rapid Review

368

(1)

20 Experimental Investigations

369

(36)

Experiment 1 Spectroscopy

370

(3)

Experiment 2 Spectrophotometry

373

(1)

Experiment 3 Gravimetric Analysis

374

(1)

Experiment 4 Titration

375

(2)

Experiment 5 Chromatography

377

(1)

Experiment 6 Determination of the Type of Bonding in Solid Samples

378

(1)

Experiment 7 Stoichiometry

378

(1)

Experiment 8 Redox Titration

379

(2)

Experiment 9 Chemical and Physical Changes

381

(1)

Experiment 10 Kinetics

381

(1)

Experiment 11 Rate Laws

382

(1)

Experiment 12 Calorimetry

383

(1)

Experiment 13 Chemical Equilibrium---Le Chatelier's Principle

384

(1)

Experiment 14 Acid--Base Titrations

385

(1)

Experiment 15 Buffer pH

385

(1)

Experiment 16 The Capacity of a Buffer

386

(1)

Common Mistakes to Avoid

387

(1)

Review Questions

387

(4)

Answers and Explanations

391

(3)

Free-Response Questions

394

(3)

Answers and Explanations

397

(4)

Rapid Review

401

(4)

STEP 5 Build Your Test-Taking Confidence

AP Chemistry Practice Exam 1

405

(2)

AP Chemistry Practice Exam 1, Section I (Multiple Choice)

407

(13)

Answers and Explanations for Exam 1, Section I (Multiple Choice)

420

(6)

AP Chemistry Practice Exam 1, Section II (Free Response)

426

(6)

Answers and Explanations for Exam 1, Section II (Free Response)

432

(7)

AP Chemistry Practice Exam 2

439

(2)

AP Chemistry Practice Exam 2, Section I (Multiple Choice)

441

(12)

Answers and Explanations for Exam 2, Section I (Multiple Choice)

453

(6)

AP Chemistry Practice Exam 2, Section II (Free Response)

459

(4)

Answers and Explanations for Exam 2, Section II (Free Response)

463

(10)

Appendixes

Pre-AP Diagnostic Exam

473

(20)

SI Units

493

(2)

Balancing Redox Equations Using the Ion-Electron Method

495

(4)

Common Ions

499

(3)

Bibliography

502

(1)

Websites

502

(1)

Glossary

503

(9)

Avoiding "Stupid" Mistakes on the Free-Response Section

512

(3)

Exam Resources

515

Mary Millhollon (Phoenix, Arizona) and Luanne O'Loughlin are authors, editors, consultants, Internet experts, and certified professional with extensive experience writing about the Internet and other cutting-edge computer technologies. Some of Luanne's publications include Free Stuff from America Online and with Mary, Microsoft Internet Explorer 4 Front Runner. Mary's other recent titles include Internet Explorere 5 Step by Step and Word 2000 Cheat Sheet.

McGraw-Hill authors represent the leading experts in their fields and are dedicated to improving the lives, careers, and interests of readers worldwide

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