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Accentuation and Interpretation [Kietas viršelis]

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Accentuation and InterpretationDidesnis paveikslėlis
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Raktažodžiai:
Hans-Christian Schmitz argues that a speaker has to utter a sentence in a way that makes the hearer perceive at least those words that are sufficient for understanding the entire sentence. In spoken language the speaker has to accentuate these words. Semantics effects of accentuation appear as epi-phenomena of their pragmatic function. The author defines a formal model for the interpretation of incompletely recognized sentences and derives a context-sensitive rule of accentuation. The rule of accentuation is experimentally evaluated.
Acknowledgements vii
1 Introduction: Pragmatic and Semantic Effects of Accentuation 1
2 Optimal Accentuation 6
1 Hypothesis of optimal accentuation
6
2 Reconstruction of messages
7
3 Hypo- and hyperspeech
15
4 Impairment of speech communication
16
5 Accentuation and speech recognition
20
6 Discussion and summary
23
3 Cooperative Information Exchange 28
1 Conversational maxims and active interpretation
31
2 The common ground
39
2.1 Presupposing a common ground
39
2.2 Updating the common ground (1)
42
3 Goal-oriented information exchange
47
3.1 Questions and answers
48
3.2 Updating the common ground (2)
54
4 Conversational maxims and active interpretation revisited
74
4 Reconstruction of Messages 83
1 A truly simple fragment of English
85
2 Interpretation by means of QUADs
92
2.1 Completion with a QUAD
92
2.2 Exhaustification
104
2.3 Type shifting
108
2.4 Interpretation and accentuation
116
2.5 Presupposition of questions
123
2.6 Summary
128
3 Interpretation without QUADs
129
4 Context configurations for interpretation
136
5 Optimal Accentuation vs Focus Accentuation 142
1 Semantic effects of accentuation
144
1.1 Semantic effects of optimal accentuation
144
1.2 Semantics of the focus feature
158
1.3 Comparison
168
2 Predictions of stress patterns
170
2.1 Second occurrence foci
171
2.2 Focus projections
182
2.3 Summary
197
3 Conclusions
199
6 Summary 201
Appendix: Type Logic with Lambda Operator 205
1 Syntax
205
2 Semantics
207
References 210
Index 223


HANS-CHRISTIAN SCHMITZ is a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. His research focuses on formal semantics and the pragmatics of natural language.