| Executive summary |
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1 | (10) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 Energy as an enabler of universal access to health care |
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2 | (1) |
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3 Energy requirements in health facilities: a closer look |
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3 | (1) |
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4 Electricity supply in health facilities: trends and opportunities |
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4 | (4) |
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5 Improving measurement of electricity access in health facilities |
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8 | (1) |
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6 A `multi-tier metric' to track electricity access in health facilities |
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8 | (1) |
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7 Next steps and conclusions |
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9 | (2) |
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11 | (4) |
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2 Energy as an enabler of universal access to health care |
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15 | (6) |
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Current status of electricity access in health facilities: available data |
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16 | (2) |
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Research into links between energy access and health services provision |
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18 | (3) |
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3 Energy requirements in health facilities: a closer look |
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21 | (10) |
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Classification of health facilities |
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21 | (1) |
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Electrical equipment required for health services: devices, appliances and infrastructure |
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22 | (3) |
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Improving energy efficiency of medical devices and appliances |
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25 | (1) |
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Thermal energy needs of health facilities |
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26 | (5) |
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4 Electricity supply in health facilities: trends and opportunities |
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31 | (14) |
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Grid-based electricity supply and on-site electricity production |
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31 | (1) |
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The increasing role of solar power in health facilities |
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32 | (4) |
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High capital cost barriers to solar energy solutions |
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36 | (1) |
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System optimization to limit fuel costs, climate-changing emissions and pollution |
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37 | (1) |
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CHP and other on-site energy systems for larger hospitals |
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38 | (3) |
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Health facilities as energy providers |
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41 | (1) |
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A proposed framework for energy and health service linkages |
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42 | (3) |
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5 Improving measurement of electricity access in health facilities |
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45 | (8) |
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Needs and benefits of a monitoring metric |
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45 | (1) |
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Attributes of electricity supply |
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46 | (4) |
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Enhanced health clinic surveys and data collection tools |
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50 | (3) |
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6 A `multi-tier metric' for electricity access |
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53 | (10) |
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Electricity access tier ratings for health facilities |
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54 | (3) |
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Electricity access index: aggregation of tiers into a single value |
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57 | (1) |
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Disaggregated data analysis |
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58 | (1) |
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Limitations of the proposed methodology |
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59 | (1) |
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Assessing supply in relation to demand: the `electricity access gap' |
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59 | (4) |
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63 | (4) |
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63 | (3) |
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66 | (1) |
| Annex 1 A proposed SARA energy module: sample survey questions for multi-tier measurement |
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67 | (6) |
| Annex 2 Compendium of existing health services surveys |
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73 | (6) |
| Annex 3 Categorization of health care facilities |
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79 | (1) |
| Annex 4 Hypothetical case study of energy options for a small health facility in rural Kenya |
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80 | (5) |
| Annex 5 Links to sources of values on indicative electricity demand for appliances and devices |
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85 | (4) |
| References |
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89 | |
