Atnaujinkite slapukų nuostatas

Accounting for Carbon: Monitoring, Reporting and Verifying Emissions in the Climate Economy [Kietas viršelis]

4.00/5 (1 ratings by Goodreads)
Edited by , Edited by
  • Formatas: Hardback, 564 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 229x152x32 mm, weight: 1000 g, 76 Tables, black and white; 1 Maps; 42 Line drawings, black and white
  • Išleidimo metai: 19-Mar-2015
  • Leidėjas: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 1107098483
  • ISBN-13: 9781107098480
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Accounting for Carbon: Monitoring, Reporting and Verifying Emissions in the Climate EconomyDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Hardback, 564 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 229x152x32 mm, weight: 1000 g, 76 Tables, black and white; 1 Maps; 42 Line drawings, black and white
  • Išleidimo metai: 19-Mar-2015
  • Leidėjas: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 1107098483
  • ISBN-13: 9781107098480
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9781107098480.html
Raktažodžiai:
The ability to accurately monitor, record, report and verify greenhouse gas emissions is the cornerstone of any effective policy to mitigate climate change. Accounting for Carbon provides the first authoritative overview of the monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) of emissions from the industrial site, project and company level to the regional and national level. It describes the MRV procedures in place in more than fifteen of the most important policy frameworks - such as emissions trading systems in Europe, Australia, California and China, and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change - and compares them along key criteria such as scope, cost, uncertainty and flexibility. This book draws on the work of engineers and economists to provide a practical guide to help government and non-governmental policy makers and key stakeholders in industry to better understand different MRV requirements, the key trade-offs faced by regulators and the choices made by up-and-running carbon pricing initiatives.

Recenzijos

'Confidence in the impact of climate policies and actions is underpinned by the integrity of measurement - both of baseline scenarios and the impact of mitigation measures. This book provides a thorough comparison of the main tools and mechanisms developed over the last decade, consolidating our understanding of best practice within the carbon markets and climate policy. It provides a useful guide to creating better systems to help solve the generational challenge of climate change.' Adrian Rimmer, Chief Executive Officer, The Gold Standard Foundation 'The GHG monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) system provides a foundation for development and implementation of any climate policy. This book provides excellent examples on how MRV have been implemented by countries at both program and project level. Countries may have different priorities and preferences in choosing a suitable policy instrument, e.g. emissions trading or carbon tax for pricing carbon. However, MRV accounting is an essential part of the 'no-regrets' approach to climate change, regardless of the choice of the instrument.' Xueman Wang, Team Leader, Partnership for Market Readiness, Climate and Carbon Finance, Climate Change Group, The World Bank Group

Daugiau informacijos

An authoritative overview of the requirements and costs of monitoring, reporting and verifying emissions from industry to regional and national levels.
List of figures and map
xi
List of tables
xiii
List of boxes
xvii
Notes on contributors xviii
Acknowledgements xxii
1 Introduction: key notions and trade-offs involved in MRVing emissions
1(18)
Valentin Bellassen
Ian Cochran
1.1 Purpose and audience for this book
1(1)
1.2 Climate economics at work
2(2)
1.3 Scale, scope, uncertainty and related trade-offs: key definitions and stakes of MRV in climate economics
4(4)
1.4 Outline, editorial choices and comparison tools between chapters
8(11)
Appendix
12(4)
Bibliography
16(3)
Part I MRV of territorial/jurisdictional emissions
19(118)
2 Trendsetter for territorial schemes: national GHG inventories under the UNFCCC
21(51)
Jean-Pierre Chang
Valentin Bellassen
2.1 Context
21(6)
2.2 Objectives, national inventory system and challenges
27(6)
2.3 Monitoring
33(12)
2.4 Reporting
45(10)
2.5 Verification
55(5)
2.6 MRV costs
60(3)
2.7 MRV ID table
63(5)
2.8 What practitioners say about it
68(4)
Acknowledgements
70(1)
Bibliography
71(1)
3 Variant 1: region/city geographical inventories
72(32)
Ian Cochran
3.1 Introduction
72(1)
3.2 Multiple methodologies and protocols based on actors' needs
73(6)
3.3 Monitoring
79(7)
3.4 Reporting
86(3)
3.5 Conclusions: local needs currently prevail over harmonization
89(15)
Bibliography
102(2)
4 Variant 2: sectoral MRV at the jurisdictional level -- forestry (REDD+) in the VCS and the UNFCCC
104(33)
Mariana Deheza
Valentin Bellassen
4.1 Context
104(2)
4.2 Variable scope of requirements: from baseline only to full jurisdictional MRV
106(1)
4.3 Monitoring requirements
106(12)
4.4 Reporting
118(1)
4.5 Verification
118(2)
4.6 Comparison between VCS and UNFCCC requirements for REDD+
120(3)
4.7 MRV costs
123(4)
4.8 Conclusion
127(1)
4.9 MRV ID table
127(10)
Bibliography
135(2)
Part II MRV of industrial sites and entities
137(202)
5 Trendsetter for companies and industrial sites: the EU Emissions Trading Scheme
139(51)
Guillaume Jacquier
Valentin Bellassen
5.1 Context
139(8)
5.2 Monitoring
147(21)
5.3 Reporting and verification
168(5)
5.4 MRV costs
173(4)
5.5 MRV ID table
177(6)
5.6 What practitioners say about it
183(7)
Bibliography
187(3)
6 Variant 1: the waste sector in Australia's Carbon Pricing Mechanism, another ETS at site level
190(31)
Marion Afriat
Emilie Alberola
6.1 Context
190(2)
6.2 The waste sector covered by the Carbon Pricing Mechanism
192(1)
6.3 Monitoring the waste sector's GHG emissions
193(11)
6.4 Reporting
204(2)
6.5 Verification
206(5)
6.6 Uncertainty related to waste emissions: is it an issue? Should it be reduced?
211(2)
6.7 Conclusion
213(1)
6.8 MRV ID table
214(7)
Bibliography
219(2)
7 Variant 2: non-site level emissions in an ETS -- the case of electricity importers in the California cap-and-trade
221(42)
Marion Afriat
Emilie Alberola
7.1 Context
221(4)
7.2 Monitoring electricity importers under the GHG Inventory Program
225(14)
7.3 Reporting: a separate report for imported electricity according to sources
239(9)
7.4 Uncertainty in the Californian cap-and-trade program: the carbon leakage issue
248(6)
7.5 Conclusion
254(1)
7.6 MRV ID table
254(9)
Bibliography
261(2)
8 Variant 3: emissions of a company/institution rather than a site: the case of the Shenzhen ETS
263(20)
Caspar Chiquet
8.1 China's domestic emissions reduction policy
263(5)
8.2 Shenzhen, China's first operating ETS pilot
268(2)
8.3 Capping direct and indirect emissions
270(1)
8.4 MRV and compliance at company level
271(1)
8.5 Intensity-based cap and allowances
272(4)
8.6 Reporting, confidentiality and disclosure
276(1)
8.7 Enforcement of compliance
276(1)
8.8 MRV ID table
277(6)
Bibliography
282(1)
9 Variant 4: coexistence of voluntary and mandatory frameworks at the company level -- Carbon Disclosure Project, EU ETS and French legal requirements
283(30)
Romain Morel
Ian Cochran
9.1 Introduction
283(1)
9.2 French entities may be subject to up to four major mandatory or voluntary GHG emissions monitoring and reporting frameworks
284(11)
9.3 MRV ID table
295(1)
9.4 Four frameworks may be too many, even though they are flexible enough to be synergetic with one another
295(11)
9.5 Balancing internal management needs and an increasing range of use for external GHG data
306(4)
9.6 Conclusions: the diversity of reporting frameworks leads to higher costs, risks and opportunities
310(3)
Bibliography
311(2)
10 Direct measurement in the EU ETS
313(26)
Chris Dimopoulos
10.1 Context
313(1)
10.2 Direct measurement fundamentals
314(5)
10.3 Direct measurement under the EU ETS
319(7)
10.4 Uncertainty influencing parameters in mass emission measurement
326(4)
10.5 Measurement vs. calculation
330(4)
10.6 Conclusion: what method should be preferred?
334(5)
Appendix -- Relevant international and European standards
335(1)
Bibliography
336(3)
Part III MRV at offset project scale
339(197)
11 Trendsetter for projects: the Clean Development Mechanism
341(49)
Igor Shishlov
11.1 Context
341(10)
11.2 Monitoring
351(10)
11.3 Reporting
361(3)
11.4 Verification
364(10)
11.5 What practitioners say about it
374(2)
11.6 MRV ID table
376(14)
Appendix -- Transaction costs for CDM projects
385(2)
Bibliography
387(3)
12 Case study 1: monitoring requirements for projects reducing N2O emissions from fertilizer use across standards
390(33)
Claudine Foucherot
12.1 Context
390(2)
12.2 Monitoring
392(13)
12.3 Reporting
405(1)
12.4 Verification
406(2)
12.5 Conclusion
408(1)
12.6 MRV ID table
408(15)
Bibliography
421(2)
13 Case study 2: monitoring requirements for reforestation and improved forest management projects across standards
423(44)
Mariana Deheza
13.1 Context
423(1)
13.2 Monitoring in the CDM for reforestation projects and VCS IFM projects
424(23)
13.3 Reporting
447(1)
13.4 Verification: what are auditors looking for?
447(4)
13.5 Conclusion
451(1)
13.6 MRV ID table
451(16)
Appendix -- Determination of monitoring uncertainty
451(14)
Bibliography
465(2)
14 Case study 3: monitoring requirements for fugitive emissions from fuels in the CDM
467(43)
Alexandra Barker
Roderick Robinson
14.1 Fugitive emissions scale and scope
467(2)
14.2 General principles of fugitive emission methodologies
469(13)
14.3 CDM methodology AM0023
482(4)
14.4 Cost of monitoring
486(3)
14.5 Discussion
489(21)
Appendix
491(14)
Bibliography
505(5)
15 Synthesis
510(26)
Valentin Bellassen
Nicolas Stephan
Marion Afriat
Emilie Alberola
Alexandra Barker
Jean-Pierre Chang
Caspar Chiquet
Ian Cochran
Mariana Deheza
Chris Dimopoulos
Claudine Foucherot
Guillaume Jacquier
Romain Morel
Roderick Robinson
Igor Shishlov
15.1 MRV requirements across schemes
510(5)
15.2 Incentives to reduce monitoring uncertainty tend to be partial and indirect
515(5)
15.3 MRV costs: large economies of scale
520(8)
15.4 "Materiality" is commonly practiced but it does not outweigh economies of scale
528(5)
15.5 Comparability often trumps information relevance
533(1)
15.6 Staggering MRV vs. carbon pricing implementation
534(1)
15.7 Conclusion
534(2)
Bibliography 536(2)
Index 538
Valentin Bellassen is a researcher at Institut National pour la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) where he focuses on the economics of agro-ecology. He is also an accredited UNFCCC reviewer for national greenhouse gas inventories. For four years, he worked at CDC Climat where he managed the research unit on MRV, agriculture and forestry. Nicolas Stephan is an investment officer at CDC Climat where he is in charge of voluntary carbon offsetting as well as participations in innovative carbon investment vehicles. He worked for five years in the research department of CDC Climat on various topics related to carbon and energy markets.