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Achieving Sustainable Production of Milk Volume 3: Dairy Herd Management and Welfare [Kietas viršelis]

Contributions by (Universidad Austral de Chile), Contributions by (Wageningen UR), Contributions by (University of British Columbia), Contributions by , Contributions by (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences), Contributions by (University of Queensland), Contributions by , Contributions by (Universidad Austral de Chil), Edited by (Bristol University), Contributions by (Agriculture Victoria)
  • Formatas: Hardback, 606 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 229x152x33 mm, weight: 1005 g, Colour tables, photos and figures
  • Serija: Burleigh Dodds Series in Agricultural Science 10
  • Išleidimo metai: 07-Aug-2017
  • Leidėjas: Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing Limited
  • ISBN-10: 1786760525
  • ISBN-13: 9781786760524
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: Hardback, 606 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 229x152x33 mm, weight: 1005 g, Colour tables, photos and figures
  • Serija: Burleigh Dodds Series in Agricultural Science 10
  • Išleidimo metai: 07-Aug-2017
  • Leidėjas: Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing Limited
  • ISBN-10: 1786760525
  • ISBN-13: 9781786760524
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Animal health and welfare are of major importance in dairy farming. This collection looks at the key issues affecting dairy herd welfare as well as ways of optimising dairy cattle nutrition. It also reviews ways of detecting, preventing and managing diseases affecting dairy cattle.

Cow’s milk is one of the world’s most important agricultural food products. Its importance in the diet is widely acknowledged and it is an essential ingredient in a wide range of foods. In meeting rising demand, more intensive dairying systems face a range of challenges such as maintaining high standards of safety in the face of the continuing threat from zoonoses entering the food chain, whilst sustaining nutritional and sensory quality. At the same time farms need to become more efficient and sustainable. Finally, farming must also meet higher standards of animal health and welfare.

 Drawing on an international range of expertise, this book reviews research addressing the welfare, nutrition and health of dairy cattle. Part 1 begins by discussing key issues in welfare followed by topics such as genetic selection and welfare, housing and transportation. Part 2 looks at nutrition with chapters on rumen microbiology, feed evaluation and formulation, feed supplements and feed safety. The final part of the book covers aspects of health such as control of diseases and other disorders such as lameness as well as dairy herd health management.

Achieving sustainable production of milk Volume 3: Dairy herd management and welfare will be a standard reference for animal and dairy scientists in universities, government and other research centres and companies involved in beef production. It is accompanied by two other volumes which review milk composition, genetics and breeding as well as safety, quality and sustainability..

Cow’s milk is one of the world’s most important agricultural food products. Its importance in the diet is widely acknowledged and it is an essential ingredient in a wide range of foods. In meeting rising demand, more intensive dairying systems face a range of challenges such as maintaining high standards of safety in the face of the continuing threat from zoonoses entering the food chain, whilst sustaining nutritional and sensory quality. At the same time farms need to become more efficient and sustainable. Finally, farming must also meet higher standards of animal health and welfare. Drawing on an international range of expertise, this book reviews research addressing the welfare, nutrition and health of dairy cattle. Part 1 begins by discussing key issues in welfare followed by topics such as genetic selection and welfare, housing and transportation. Part 2 looks at nutrition with chapters on rumen microbiology, feed evaluation and formulation, feed supplements and feed safety. The final part of the book covers aspects of health such as control of diseases and other disorders such as lameness as well as dairy herd health management.Achieving sustainable production of milk Volume 3: Dairy herd management and welfare will be a standard reference for animal and dairy scientists in universities, government and other research centres and companies involved in beef production. It is accompanied by two other volumes which review milk composition, genetics and breeding as well as safety, quality and sustainability. .

Recenzijos

"the book offers important and in-depth information on dairy cattle welfare, nutrition and health." International Dairy Magazine All three volumes of Achieving sustainable production of milk should be considered as a wholeOver more than 1200 pages, the authors review all fields of milk production, beginning with milk composition, genetics and breeding, safety and milk quality, sustainability of milk production as well as dairy herd management, health, welfare and nutrition of dairy. All three volumes could be considered a standard reference for graduate students in the fields of dairy science and veterinary medicine, animal and dairy scientists at universities and other research centres, and also those in governments and companies involved or working in the field of milk production. Animal Feed Science and Technology

Daugiau informacijos

"There can be few people in the world better qualified to edit a new book about nutrition, health and welfare of dairy cattle than John Webster. These have been the passions of a long and distinguished academic career. He has assembled a strong team of authors to provide comprehensive coverage of key topics, as well as the wide range of dairy production systems across developed and developing countries" Richard Dewhurst, Professor of Ruminant Nutrition and Production Systems, SRUC, Edinburgh. UK
Series list xii
Preface xvi
Introduction xx
Part 1: Welfare of dairy cattle
1 Understanding the behaviour of dairy cattle
3(18)
C.J.C. Phillips
1 Introduction
3(2)
2 Studying the preferences of cattle: an overview
5(1)
3 Cattle perception
6(1)
4 Social, nutritional and reproductive behaviour
7(4)
5 Locomotion and resting
11(2)
6 Behaviour during transport and slaughter
13(1)
7 Conclusions
14(1)
8 Future trends
14(1)
9 Where to look for further information
15(2)
10 References
17(4)
2 Key issues in the welfare of dairy cattle
21(32)
Jan Hultgren
1 Introduction: an overview of interest in and determinants of animal welfare in dairy farming
21(4)
2 Husbandry practices in dairy farming: housing, handling and farming procedures
25(6)
3 Husbandry practices in dairy farming: health, productivity and breeding
31(3)
4 Applying different perspectives on animal welfare to the case of dairy farming
34(4)
5 Recommendations for improving animal welfare in dairy farming in the light of expected future developments
38(3)
6 Summary
41(1)
7 Where to look for further information
41(1)
8 Acknowledgements
42(1)
9 References
43(10)
3 Housing and the welfare of dairy cattle
53(28)
Jeffrey Rushen
1 Introduction
53(1)
2 Types of housing system
54(3)
3 Stall design
57(5)
4 Flooring and locomotion
62(2)
5 Social competition, social dominance and overstocking
64(4)
6 Group versus individual housing for un-weaned calves: effects on health, locomotion and rest
68(4)
7 Group versus individual housing for unweaned calves: behaviour and weight gain
72(1)
8 Reflections on housing unweaned calves individually, in groups and with cows
73(1)
9 Conclusions
74(1)
10 Where to look for further information
74(1)
11 References
75(6)
4 Genetic selection for dairy cow welfare and resilience to climate change
81(22)
Jennie E. Pryce
Yvette de Haas
1 Introduction
81(1)
2 Selection indices
82(1)
3 Selection for milk production, energy balance and fertility
83(3)
4 New breeding objectives: health traits
86(5)
5 New breeding objectives: dairy cows and climate change
91(1)
6 Genomic selection, inbreeding and gene editing
92(4)
7 Summary
96(1)
8 Where to look for further information
96(1)
9 Acknowledgements
97(1)
10 References
97(6)
5 Ensuring the welfare of culled dairy cows during transport and slaughter
103(20)
Carmen Gallo
Ana Strappini
1 Introduction
103(1)
2 Legislation and codes of practice
104(2)
3 Pre-transport conditions that influence the welfare of cows during transport
106(1)
4 Welfare of culled cows during transport
107(4)
5 The effects of livestock markets on cow welfare
111(3)
6 Welfare of cows at the slaughter plant
114(3)
7 Conclusions
117(1)
8 Where to look for further information
118(1)
9 References
118(5)
6 Ensuring the health and welfare of dairy calves and heifers
123(34)
Emily Miller-Cushon
Ken Leslie
Trevor DeVries
1 Introduction
123(1)
2 Newborn calf vitality
124(5)
3 Colostrum management
129(2)
4 Health management
131(5)
5 Housing considerations
136(3)
6 Feeding management
139(3)
7 Managing weaned calves
142(3)
8 Summary
145(1)
9 Where to look for further information
146(1)
10 References
146(11)
Part 2: Nutrition of dairy cattle
7 The rumen microbiota and its role in dairy cow production and health
157(24)
Anusha Bulumulla
Mi Zhou
Le Luo Guan
1 Introduction
157(1)
2 Diversity and function of rumen microbiota
158(3)
3 Factors influencing composition of rumen microbiota
161(2)
4 Current trends and innovations in studying the rumen microbiome: 'omics' approaches
163(2)
5 Current trends and innovations in studying the rumen microbiota: linkage with host phenotypes
165(3)
6 Altering rumen function by manipulating microbiota
168(1)
7 Knowledge gaps and future directions
169(2)
8 Conclusions
171(1)
9 Where to look for further information
171(1)
10 References
172(9)
8 Biochemical and physiological determinants of feed efficiency in dairy cattle
181(18)
John McNamara
1 Introduction
181(1)
2 The physiological and biochemical makeup of a dairy animal
182(4)
3 Development of the research field: a brief overview
186(2)
4 A case study on the biochemical determinants of feed efficiency
188(5)
5 Mechanisms and effects of simple genetic variation
193(2)
6 Summary and conclusions
195(1)
7 Future trends in research
196(1)
8 Where to look for further information
196(1)
9 References
197(2)
9 Feed evaluation and formulation to maximise nutritional efficiency in dairy cattle
199(24)
Pekka Huhtanen
1 Introduction
199(1)
2 Evaluation of feed energy value
200(1)
3 Alternative methods to predict digestibility and energy value
201(4)
4 Discounts of digestibility and associative effects
205(1)
5 Conversion of digestible nutrients to metabolisable energy and net energy concentration
206(1)
6 Evaluation of feed protein value
207(1)
7 Estimation of microbial protein
208(2)
8 Determination of rumen undegraded protein (RUP)
210(3)
9 Evaluation of feed protein systems
213(2)
10 Summary and future perspectives
215(1)
11 Where to look for further information
216(1)
12 References
216(7)
10 Sustainable nutrition management of dairy cattle in intensive systems
223(28)
Michel A. Wattiaux
Matias A. Aguerre
Sanjeewa D. Ranathunga
1 Introduction
223(1)
2 Phosphorus issues
224(4)
3 Nitrogen issues
228(10)
4 Carbon: a case study of enteric methane emissions and nutritional management in the intensive dairy production systems of California and Wisconsin
238(6)
5 Conclusions
244(1)
6 References
244(7)
11 Nutrition management of grazing dairy cows in temperate environments
251(22)
J.R. Roche
1 Introduction
251(1)
2 Economic factors affecting grazing system design
252(1)
3 Using supplementary feed to manage pasture
253(2)
4 Nutrition of grazing dairy cows: pasture as a feed
255(5)
5 Choosing the right supplementary feed
260(2)
6 Choosing the.right genetics for a grazing system
262(1)
7 Supplement effects on milk production
263(2)
8 Practical nutrition management on the farm
265(2)
9 Conclusions and implications
267(1)
10 Where to look for further information
268(1)
11 References
268(5)
12 The use and abuse of cereals, legumes and crop residues in rations for dairy cattle
273(22)
Michael Blummel
A. Muller
C. Schader
M. Herrero
M.R. Garg
1 Introduction
273(1)
2 Current and future levels of animal sourced food (ASF) production
274(2)
3 Dairy ration compositions and current and projected feed demand and supply
276(6)
4 Context specificity of feed demand and supply
282(2)
5 Ration composition and ceilings to milk productivity
284(2)
6 Optimizing the feed-animal interface: ration balancing in intensive and extensive dairy systems
286(4)
7 Summary
290(1)
8 Where to look for further information
290(1)
9 References
291(4)
13 Feed supplements for dairy cattle
295(34)
C. Jamie Newbold
1 Introduction
295(2)
2 Dietary buffers to control rumen acidity
297(1)
3 Antibiotics for improved production
298(2)
4 Fat supplementation
300(3)
5 Immunological control of the rumen microbial population
303(1)
6 Plant extracts to manipulate rumen fermentation, boost production and decrease emissions
304(4)
7 Direct-fed microbials, probiotics and exogenous fibrolytic enzymes
308(3)
8 Other supplements to control GHG emissions
311(1)
9 Conclusion
311(1)
10 Where to look for further information
312(1)
11 References
312(17)
Part 3: Health of dairy cattle
14 Disorder of digestion and metabolism in dairy cattle: the case of subacute rumen acidosis
329(24)
Gregory B. Penner
1 Introduction
329(1)
2 Prevalence, aetiology and biological consequences of ruminal acidosis
330(3)
3 Regulation of ruminal pH
333(8)
4 The dogma of ruminal acidosis
341(1)
5 Case study: SARA risk in the post-partum phase of the transition period
341(4)
6 Other examples of SARA risk induced by low feed intake
345(1)
7 Conclusion and future trends
346(1)
8 Where to look for further information
347(1)
9 References
347(6)
15 Management of dairy cows in transition and at calving
353(32)
Kenneth Nordlund
1 Introduction
353(2)
2 Problems with using disease events to monitor herd transition management
355(1)
3 Alternative data sources for monitoring herd transition management
355(3)
4 Introduction to management factors that influence transition outcomes
358(1)
5 Cow-level factors
359(5)
6 Housing and environmental factors
364(4)
7 Factors related to the decisions and actions of human caretakers
368(2)
8 Case study: use of the transition cow risk assessment instrument
370(5)
9 Summary and future trends
375(1)
10 Where to look for further information
376(1)
11 References
377(8)
16 Causes, prevention and management of infertility in dairy cows
385(14)
Alexander C.O. Evans
Shenming Zeng
1 Introduction
385(1)
2 Bovine parturition and uterine health
386(1)
3 Bovine post-partum metabolic environment and ovarian activity
387(1)
4 Oestrus in dairy cows
388(1)
5 Establishing pregnancy in dairy cows
389(2)
6 Heat stress and bovine fertility
391(1)
7 Heifer fertility
392(1)
8 Genetics and bovine fertility
393(1)
9 Future trends and conclusion
393(1)
10 Where to look for further information
393(1)
11 References
394(5)
17 Aetiology, diagnosis and control of mastitis in dairy herds
399(32)
P. Moroni
F. Welcome
M.F. Addis
1 Introduction
399(2)
2 Indicators of mastitis: somatic cell count
401(2)
3 Indicators of mastitis: non-cell inflammation markers
403(1)
4 Contagious pathogens causing mastitis
404(3)
5 Environmental pathogens: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and environmental streptococci
407(3)
6 Other pathogens: Prototheca, coagulase-negative staphylococci and other microorganisms
410(3)
7 Management and control of mastitis
413(1)
8 Dry cow therapy
414(2)
9 The use of antibiotics
416(2)
10 Where to look for further information
418(1)
11 References
419(12)
18 Preventing and managing lameness in dairy cows
431(26)
Nick Bell
1 Introduction
431(1)
2 Lameness in dairy cows: associated pain, prevalence and incidence
432(5)
3 Recording causes and ensuring prompt and effective treatment
437(6)
4 Lesion aetiology and categories of risk for the four main causes of lameness in dairy cows
443(3)
5 Risk assessments and cost-effective interventions
446(2)
6 Conclusions: how assessment, evaluation and facilitation is driving improvement
448(1)
7 Where to look for further information
449(1)
8 References
450(7)
19 Control of infectious diseases in dairy cattle
457(30)
Wendela Wapenaar
Simon Archer
John Remnant
Alan Murphy
1 Introduction
457(1)
2 The impact of infectious diseases
458(5)
3 Principles of risk analysis and management
463(1)
4 Hazard and risk identification
464(2)
5 Risk assessment and evaluation
466(5)
6 Risk management
471(4)
7 Risk communication
475(3)
8 Ensuring effective implementation
478(3)
9 Trends in infectious disease control strategies
481(1)
10 Conclusion
482(1)
11 Where to look for further information
483(1)
12 Abbreviations
483(1)
13 References
484(3)
20 Prevention and control of parasitic helminths in dairy cattle: key issues and challenges
487(22)
Jacqueline B. Matthews
1 Introduction
487(1)
2 Helminth threats to grazing dairy cattle
488(1)
3 Anthelmintic resistance
489(3)
4 Progress in the development of evidence-based control programmes to reduce selection pressure for anthelmintic resistance
492(1)
5 The development of robust diagnostics to support evidence-based control
493(4)
6 Vaccine development
497(2)
7 Future trends in research: contributions to enhanced and sustainable production
499(1)
8 Concluding remarks
500(1)
9 Where to look for further information
501(1)
10 References
502(7)
21 Genetic variation in immunity and disease resistance in dairy cows and other livestock
509(24)
Michael Stear
Karen Fairlie-Clarke
Nicholas Jonsson
Bonnie Mallard
David Groth
1 Introduction
509(3)
2 Genetic variation in resistance to disease
512(1)
3 The sources of genetic variation in resistance to disease
513(4)
4 Strategies for breeding to increase resistance to disease
517(3)
5 Case study 1: resistance to cattle tick infestation
520(1)
6 Case study 2: mastitis in cattle
521(1)
7 Case study 3: bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex
522(2)
8 Case study 4: additive and non-additive genetic variation
524(1)
9 Conclusions
525(1)
10 Where to look for further information
525(1)
11 References
525(8)
22 Responsible and sustainable use of medicines in dairy herd health
533(18)
David C. Barrett
Kristen K. Reyher
Andrea Turner
David A. Tisdall
1 Introduction
533(3)
2 Antimicrobial resistance
536(2)
3 Inappropriate behaviours and practices
538(3)
4 Making progress towards change
541(4)
5 Delivering results
545(3)
6 Future trends and conclusion
548(1)
7 Where to look for further information
548(1)
8 Acknowledgements
548(1)
9 References
548(3)
23 Dairy herd health management: an overview
551(20)
Jonathan Statham
1 Introduction
551(1)
2 The development of dairy herd health management (HHM)
552(2)
3 Motivation for implementing HHM
554(1)
4 Measuring: data for HHM
555(6)
5 Monitoring: approaches to monitoring in HHM
561(2)
6 Managing: delivering progress in HHM through planning, training and support for schemes
563(2)
7 The potential benefits of HHM
565(2)
8 Conclusions
567(1)
9 Where to lock for further information
567(1)
10 References
568(3)
Index 571
Dr John Webster is Emeritus Professor in Animal Husbandry at the University of Bristol, UK. He established the Animal Welfare and Behaviour Group at the University of Bristol, one of the largest and most highly-regarded of its kind in the world, and was a founder member of the Farm Animal Welfare Council which pioneered the Five Freedoms for farm animals. Professor Webster is editor of an earlier Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing volume: Achieving sustainable production of milk Volume 3: Dairy herd management and welfare (published in 2017). Other key books written or edited by Professor Webster include Understanding the Dairy Cow and Animal Husbandry Regained: the place of farm animals in sustainable agriculture.