Series list |
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xii | |
Preface |
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xvi | |
Introduction |
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xx | |
Part 1: Welfare of dairy cattle |
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1 Understanding the behaviour of dairy cattle |
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3 | (18) |
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3 | (2) |
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2 Studying the preferences of cattle: an overview |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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4 Social, nutritional and reproductive behaviour |
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7 | (4) |
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11 | (2) |
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6 Behaviour during transport and slaughter |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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9 Where to look for further information |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (4) |
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2 Key issues in the welfare of dairy cattle |
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21 | (32) |
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1 Introduction: an overview of interest in and determinants of animal welfare in dairy farming |
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21 | (4) |
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2 Husbandry practices in dairy farming: housing, handling and farming procedures |
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25 | (6) |
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3 Husbandry practices in dairy farming: health, productivity and breeding |
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31 | (3) |
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4 Applying different perspectives on animal welfare to the case of dairy farming |
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34 | (4) |
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5 Recommendations for improving animal welfare in dairy farming in the light of expected future developments |
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38 | (3) |
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41 | (1) |
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7 Where to look for further information |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (10) |
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3 Housing and the welfare of dairy cattle |
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53 | (28) |
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53 | (1) |
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2 Types of housing system |
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54 | (3) |
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57 | (5) |
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4 Flooring and locomotion |
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62 | (2) |
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5 Social competition, social dominance and overstocking |
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64 | (4) |
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6 Group versus individual housing for un-weaned calves: effects on health, locomotion and rest |
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68 | (4) |
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7 Group versus individual housing for unweaned calves: behaviour and weight gain |
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72 | (1) |
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8 Reflections on housing unweaned calves individually, in groups and with cows |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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10 Where to look for further information |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (6) |
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4 Genetic selection for dairy cow welfare and resilience to climate change |
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81 | (22) |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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3 Selection for milk production, energy balance and fertility |
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83 | (3) |
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4 New breeding objectives: health traits |
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86 | (5) |
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5 New breeding objectives: dairy cows and climate change |
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91 | (1) |
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6 Genomic selection, inbreeding and gene editing |
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92 | (4) |
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96 | (1) |
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8 Where to look for further information |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (6) |
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5 Ensuring the welfare of culled dairy cows during transport and slaughter |
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103 | (20) |
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103 | (1) |
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2 Legislation and codes of practice |
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104 | (2) |
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3 Pre-transport conditions that influence the welfare of cows during transport |
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106 | (1) |
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4 Welfare of culled cows during transport |
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107 | (4) |
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5 The effects of livestock markets on cow welfare |
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111 | (3) |
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6 Welfare of cows at the slaughter plant |
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114 | (3) |
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117 | (1) |
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8 Where to look for further information |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (5) |
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6 Ensuring the health and welfare of dairy calves and heifers |
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123 | (34) |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (5) |
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129 | (2) |
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131 | (5) |
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136 | (3) |
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139 | (3) |
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142 | (3) |
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145 | (1) |
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9 Where to look for further information |
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146 | (1) |
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146 | (11) |
Part 2: Nutrition of dairy cattle |
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7 The rumen microbiota and its role in dairy cow production and health |
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157 | (24) |
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157 | (1) |
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2 Diversity and function of rumen microbiota |
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158 | (3) |
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3 Factors influencing composition of rumen microbiota |
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161 | (2) |
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4 Current trends and innovations in studying the rumen microbiome: 'omics' approaches |
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163 | (2) |
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5 Current trends and innovations in studying the rumen microbiota: linkage with host phenotypes |
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165 | (3) |
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6 Altering rumen function by manipulating microbiota |
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168 | (1) |
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7 Knowledge gaps and future directions |
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169 | (2) |
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171 | (1) |
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9 Where to look for further information |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (9) |
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8 Biochemical and physiological determinants of feed efficiency in dairy cattle |
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181 | (18) |
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181 | (1) |
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2 The physiological and biochemical makeup of a dairy animal |
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182 | (4) |
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3 Development of the research field: a brief overview |
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186 | (2) |
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4 A case study on the biochemical determinants of feed efficiency |
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188 | (5) |
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5 Mechanisms and effects of simple genetic variation |
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193 | (2) |
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6 Summary and conclusions |
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195 | (1) |
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7 Future trends in research |
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196 | (1) |
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8 Where to look for further information |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (2) |
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9 Feed evaluation and formulation to maximise nutritional efficiency in dairy cattle |
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199 | (24) |
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199 | (1) |
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2 Evaluation of feed energy value |
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200 | (1) |
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3 Alternative methods to predict digestibility and energy value |
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201 | (4) |
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4 Discounts of digestibility and associative effects |
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205 | (1) |
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5 Conversion of digestible nutrients to metabolisable energy and net energy concentration |
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206 | (1) |
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6 Evaluation of feed protein value |
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207 | (1) |
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7 Estimation of microbial protein |
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208 | (2) |
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8 Determination of rumen undegraded protein (RUP) |
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210 | (3) |
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9 Evaluation of feed protein systems |
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213 | (2) |
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10 Summary and future perspectives |
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215 | (1) |
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11 Where to look for further information |
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216 | (1) |
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216 | (7) |
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10 Sustainable nutrition management of dairy cattle in intensive systems |
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223 | (28) |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (4) |
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228 | (10) |
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4 Carbon: a case study of enteric methane emissions and nutritional management in the intensive dairy production systems of California and Wisconsin |
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238 | (6) |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (7) |
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11 Nutrition management of grazing dairy cows in temperate environments |
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251 | (22) |
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251 | (1) |
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2 Economic factors affecting grazing system design |
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252 | (1) |
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3 Using supplementary feed to manage pasture |
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253 | (2) |
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4 Nutrition of grazing dairy cows: pasture as a feed |
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255 | (5) |
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5 Choosing the right supplementary feed |
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260 | (2) |
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6 Choosing the.right genetics for a grazing system |
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262 | (1) |
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7 Supplement effects on milk production |
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263 | (2) |
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8 Practical nutrition management on the farm |
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265 | (2) |
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9 Conclusions and implications |
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267 | (1) |
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10 Where to look for further information |
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268 | (1) |
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268 | (5) |
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12 The use and abuse of cereals, legumes and crop residues in rations for dairy cattle |
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273 | (22) |
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273 | (1) |
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2 Current and future levels of animal sourced food (ASF) production |
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274 | (2) |
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3 Dairy ration compositions and current and projected feed demand and supply |
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276 | (6) |
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4 Context specificity of feed demand and supply |
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282 | (2) |
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5 Ration composition and ceilings to milk productivity |
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284 | (2) |
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6 Optimizing the feed-animal interface: ration balancing in intensive and extensive dairy systems |
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286 | (4) |
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290 | (1) |
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8 Where to look for further information |
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290 | (1) |
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291 | (4) |
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13 Feed supplements for dairy cattle |
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295 | (34) |
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295 | (2) |
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2 Dietary buffers to control rumen acidity |
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297 | (1) |
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3 Antibiotics for improved production |
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298 | (2) |
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300 | (3) |
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5 Immunological control of the rumen microbial population |
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303 | (1) |
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6 Plant extracts to manipulate rumen fermentation, boost production and decrease emissions |
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304 | (4) |
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7 Direct-fed microbials, probiotics and exogenous fibrolytic enzymes |
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308 | (3) |
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8 Other supplements to control GHG emissions |
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311 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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10 Where to look for further information |
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312 | (1) |
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312 | (17) |
Part 3: Health of dairy cattle |
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14 Disorder of digestion and metabolism in dairy cattle: the case of subacute rumen acidosis |
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329 | (24) |
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329 | (1) |
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2 Prevalence, aetiology and biological consequences of ruminal acidosis |
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330 | (3) |
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3 Regulation of ruminal pH |
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333 | (8) |
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4 The dogma of ruminal acidosis |
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341 | (1) |
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5 Case study: SARA risk in the post-partum phase of the transition period |
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341 | (4) |
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6 Other examples of SARA risk induced by low feed intake |
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345 | (1) |
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7 Conclusion and future trends |
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346 | (1) |
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8 Where to look for further information |
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347 | (1) |
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347 | (6) |
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15 Management of dairy cows in transition and at calving |
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353 | (32) |
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353 | (2) |
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2 Problems with using disease events to monitor herd transition management |
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355 | (1) |
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3 Alternative data sources for monitoring herd transition management |
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355 | (3) |
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4 Introduction to management factors that influence transition outcomes |
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358 | (1) |
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359 | (5) |
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6 Housing and environmental factors |
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364 | (4) |
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7 Factors related to the decisions and actions of human caretakers |
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368 | (2) |
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8 Case study: use of the transition cow risk assessment instrument |
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370 | (5) |
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9 Summary and future trends |
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375 | (1) |
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10 Where to look for further information |
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376 | (1) |
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377 | (8) |
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16 Causes, prevention and management of infertility in dairy cows |
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385 | (14) |
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385 | (1) |
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2 Bovine parturition and uterine health |
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386 | (1) |
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3 Bovine post-partum metabolic environment and ovarian activity |
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387 | (1) |
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388 | (1) |
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5 Establishing pregnancy in dairy cows |
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389 | (2) |
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6 Heat stress and bovine fertility |
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391 | (1) |
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392 | (1) |
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8 Genetics and bovine fertility |
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393 | (1) |
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9 Future trends and conclusion |
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393 | (1) |
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10 Where to look for further information |
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393 | (1) |
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394 | (5) |
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17 Aetiology, diagnosis and control of mastitis in dairy herds |
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399 | (32) |
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399 | (2) |
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2 Indicators of mastitis: somatic cell count |
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401 | (2) |
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3 Indicators of mastitis: non-cell inflammation markers |
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403 | (1) |
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4 Contagious pathogens causing mastitis |
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404 | (3) |
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5 Environmental pathogens: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and environmental streptococci |
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407 | (3) |
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6 Other pathogens: Prototheca, coagulase-negative staphylococci and other microorganisms |
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410 | (3) |
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7 Management and control of mastitis |
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413 | (1) |
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414 | (2) |
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416 | (2) |
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10 Where to look for further information |
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418 | (1) |
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419 | (12) |
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18 Preventing and managing lameness in dairy cows |
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431 | (26) |
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431 | (1) |
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2 Lameness in dairy cows: associated pain, prevalence and incidence |
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432 | (5) |
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3 Recording causes and ensuring prompt and effective treatment |
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437 | (6) |
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4 Lesion aetiology and categories of risk for the four main causes of lameness in dairy cows |
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443 | (3) |
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5 Risk assessments and cost-effective interventions |
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446 | (2) |
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6 Conclusions: how assessment, evaluation and facilitation is driving improvement |
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448 | (1) |
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7 Where to look for further information |
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449 | (1) |
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450 | (7) |
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19 Control of infectious diseases in dairy cattle |
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457 | (30) |
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457 | (1) |
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2 The impact of infectious diseases |
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458 | (5) |
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3 Principles of risk analysis and management |
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463 | (1) |
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4 Hazard and risk identification |
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464 | (2) |
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5 Risk assessment and evaluation |
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466 | (5) |
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471 | (4) |
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475 | (3) |
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8 Ensuring effective implementation |
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478 | (3) |
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9 Trends in infectious disease control strategies |
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481 | (1) |
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482 | (1) |
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11 Where to look for further information |
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483 | (1) |
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483 | (1) |
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484 | (3) |
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20 Prevention and control of parasitic helminths in dairy cattle: key issues and challenges |
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487 | (22) |
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487 | (1) |
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2 Helminth threats to grazing dairy cattle |
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488 | (1) |
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3 Anthelmintic resistance |
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489 | (3) |
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4 Progress in the development of evidence-based control programmes to reduce selection pressure for anthelmintic resistance |
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492 | (1) |
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5 The development of robust diagnostics to support evidence-based control |
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493 | (4) |
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497 | (2) |
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7 Future trends in research: contributions to enhanced and sustainable production |
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499 | (1) |
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500 | (1) |
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9 Where to look for further information |
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501 | (1) |
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502 | (7) |
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21 Genetic variation in immunity and disease resistance in dairy cows and other livestock |
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509 | (24) |
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509 | (3) |
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2 Genetic variation in resistance to disease |
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512 | (1) |
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3 The sources of genetic variation in resistance to disease |
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513 | (4) |
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4 Strategies for breeding to increase resistance to disease |
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517 | (3) |
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5 Case study 1: resistance to cattle tick infestation |
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520 | (1) |
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6 Case study 2: mastitis in cattle |
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521 | (1) |
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7 Case study 3: bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex |
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522 | (2) |
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8 Case study 4: additive and non-additive genetic variation |
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524 | (1) |
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525 | (1) |
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10 Where to look for further information |
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525 | (1) |
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525 | (8) |
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22 Responsible and sustainable use of medicines in dairy herd health |
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533 | (18) |
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533 | (3) |
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2 Antimicrobial resistance |
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536 | (2) |
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3 Inappropriate behaviours and practices |
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538 | (3) |
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4 Making progress towards change |
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541 | (4) |
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545 | (3) |
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6 Future trends and conclusion |
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548 | (1) |
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7 Where to look for further information |
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548 | (1) |
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548 | (1) |
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548 | (3) |
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23 Dairy herd health management: an overview |
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551 | (20) |
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551 | (1) |
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2 The development of dairy herd health management (HHM) |
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552 | (2) |
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3 Motivation for implementing HHM |
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554 | (1) |
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4 Measuring: data for HHM |
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555 | (6) |
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5 Monitoring: approaches to monitoring in HHM |
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561 | (2) |
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6 Managing: delivering progress in HHM through planning, training and support for schemes |
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563 | (2) |
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7 The potential benefits of HHM |
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565 | (2) |
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567 | (1) |
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9 Where to lock for further information |
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567 | (1) |
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568 | (3) |
Index |
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571 | |