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Acute Pain Management: A Practical Guide, Fourth Edition 4th edition [Kietas viršelis]

3.67/5 (3 ratings by Goodreads)
(Consultant Anaesthetist and Pain Medicine Physician, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia), ,
  • Formatas: Hardback, 287 pages, aukštis x plotis: 234x156 mm
  • Išleidimo metai: 04-Dec-2014
  • Leidėjas: Apple Academic Press Inc.
  • ISBN-10: 1482233495
  • ISBN-13: 9781482233490
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Acute Pain Management: A Practical Guide, Fourth Edition 4th editionDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Hardback, 287 pages, aukštis x plotis: 234x156 mm
  • Išleidimo metai: 04-Dec-2014
  • Leidėjas: Apple Academic Press Inc.
  • ISBN-10: 1482233495
  • ISBN-13: 9781482233490
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9781482233490.html
Raktažodžiai:
This guide focuses on adult nonobstetric acute pain management. It covers delivery, assessment and monitoring, the pharmacology of opioids and local anesthetics, nonopioids and adjuvant analgesic agents, systemic routes of opioid administration, patient-controlled analgesia, epidural and intrathecal analgesia, other regional and local analgesia, nonpharmacological therapies, acute neuropathic and persistent postacute pain and its treatment, nonsurgical acute pain, more complex patients like older and opioid-tolerant patients, and opioid analgesia after discharge from a hospital (a new chapter). It does not address the anatomy, neurochemistry, or pathophysiology of acute pain. This edition has been revised and updated to reflect current knowledge and practice. Annotation ©2015 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com) Comprehensive acute pain management no longer means only caring for patients with pain resulting from postoperative and trauma-related causes—it now includes managing patients with acute pain arising from a wide variety of conditions.Acute Pain Management: A Practical Guide provides health professionals with simple and practical information to help them manage patients with acute pain safely and effectively. The book also helps them to identify and manage acute pain in more complex patients, for whom effective treatment can be challenging.In this new edition, chapters have been revised and updated, often extensively, to reflect current knowledge and practice. This resource will undoubtedly be helpful to a variety of professionals in assessing and managing acute pain.

Recenzijos

"This is the fourth edition of a practical guide to acute pain management, and the first edition that includes access to an ebook version. ... This is a handy resource for anyone who takes care of patients in pain, regardless of the setting. The authors are experienced clinicians who have been writing about this subject for a long time. ... There are others books on acute pain management, but they tend to focus more on theory than on practice. This one provides the nitty-gritty details of pain management that are expected to be taught at the bedside but often are not." Tariq M. Malik, MD, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine in Doody's Book Reviews

"This exceptional book incorporates a conglomerate of evidence about acute pain. Outstanding is the concise format which makes it very usable for clinicians." Prof. Esther Pogatzki-Zahn, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Muenster, Germany

Preface xv
Authors xvii
Chapter 1 Introduction
1(6)
1.1 Effectiveness of acute pain management
1(2)
1.1.1 Assessment of effectiveness
1(1)
1.1.2 Variability in effectiveness
2(1)
1.2 Adverse effects of undertreated severe acute pain
3(1)
1.3 Acute pain management and patient outcomes
3(4)
1.3.1 Short-term outcomes
4(1)
1.3.2 Long-term outcomes
4(1)
References
5(2)
Chapter 2 Delivery of effective acute pain management
7(8)
2.1 Education
7(2)
2.1.1 Medical staff
7(1)
2.1.2 Nursing staff
7(1)
2.1.3 Patients
8(1)
2.1.3.1 General
9(1)
2.1.3.2 Specialized
9(1)
2.2 Guidelines and protocols
9(1)
2.3 Acute pain services
10(5)
References
12(1)
Appendix 2.1 Examples of patient information available on the Internet
13(1)
Appendix 2.2 Example of an epidural analgesia information card given to patients on discharge from hospital
13(2)
Chapter 3 Assessment and monitoring
15(14)
3.1 Types of pain
15(1)
3.2 Assessment of pain and pain relief
16(6)
3.2.1 Pain history
17(1)
3.2.2 Measurement
17(1)
3.2.2.1 Unidimensional measures
18(2)
3.2.2.2 Assessment of neuropathic pain
20(1)
3.2.2.3 Other measures of pain
20(1)
3.2.2.4 Assessment of function
20(1)
3.2.2.5 Pupil size
21(1)
3.2.2.6 Patient satisfaction
21(1)
3.2.3 Effect of psychological factors on acute pain
21(1)
3.3 Assessment of adverse effects
22(7)
3.3.1 Opioid-induced ventilatory impairment
22(1)
3.3.1.1 Measurement of sedation score and respiratory rate
23(1)
3.3.1.2 Measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide levels
23(2)
3.3.1.3 When and whom to monitor for OIVI
25(1)
3.3.2 Motor and sensory function, back pain
26(1)
3.3.3 Other parameters
26(1)
References
27(2)
Chapter 4 Pharmacology of opioids
29(24)
4.1 Mechanism of action
30(1)
4.1.1 Endogenous opioids
30(1)
4.1.2 Opioid receptors
30(1)
4.1.3 Placebo response
31(1)
4.2 Effects of opioids
31(8)
4.2.1 Analgesia
31(2)
4.2.2 Effect on the respiratory system
33(1)
4.2.2.1 Depression of ventilation
33(1)
4.2.2.2 Cough suppression
34(1)
4.2.3 Nausea and vomiting
34(1)
4.2.3.1 Antiemetics
35(1)
4.2.4 Other central nervous system effects
36(1)
4.2.4.1 Miosis
36(1)
4.2.4.2 Cognitive impairment
36(1)
4.2.5 Gastrointestinal and genitourinary systems effects
36(1)
4.2.6 Cardiovascular effects
37(1)
4.2.7 Pruritus
37(1)
4.2.8 Allergy
38(1)
4.2.9 Tolerance, opioid-induced hyperalgesia, physical dependence
38(1)
4.3 Predictors of opioid dose
39(1)
4.4 Titration of opioid dose
40(1)
4.4.1 Dose and dose interval
40(1)
4.4.2 Titration to pain relief, sedation, and other side effects
40(1)
4.5 Commonly used opioid agonists
41(5)
4.5.1 Codeine
41(1)
4.5.2 Diamorphine
41(1)
4.5.3 Fentanyl and its analogues
42(1)
4.5.4 Hydrocodone
42(1)
4.5.5 Hydromorphone
42(1)
4.5.6 Methadone
43(1)
4.5.7 Morphine
43(1)
4.5.8 Oxycodone
44(1)
4.5.9 Pethidine
44(1)
4.5.10 Propoxyphene
45(1)
4.5.11 Tramadol
45(1)
4.5.12 Tapentadol
46(1)
4.6 Agonist-antagonists
46(1)
4.6.1 Buprenorphine
46(1)
4.6.2 Pentazocine
47(1)
4.6.3 Nalbuphine
47(1)
4.7 Opioid antagonists
47(6)
4.7.1 Naloxone
47(1)
4.7.2 Naltrexone
48(1)
4.7.3 Alvimopan
48(1)
References
49(4)
Chapter 5 Pharmacology of local anesthetics
53(12)
5.1 Mechanism of action
53(2)
5.2 Efficacy of local anesthetics
55(1)
5.3 Adverse effects of local anesthetics and their management
56(3)
5.3.1 Local tissue toxicity
56(1)
5.3.2 Systemic toxicity
57(1)
5.3.2.1 Central nervous system toxicity
58(1)
5.3.2.2 Cardiovascular toxicity
58(1)
5.3.3 Management of systemic toxicity
59(1)
5.4 Commonly used local anesthetic drugs
59(6)
5.4.1 Esters
59(1)
5.4.1.1 Cocaine
60(1)
5.4.1.2 Chloroprocaine
60(1)
5.4.2 Amides
60(1)
5.4.2.1 Lidocaine
61(1)
5.4.2.2 Bupivacaine
61(1)
5.4.2.3 Ropivacaine
62(1)
5.4.2.4 Levobupivacaine
62(1)
5.4.2.5 Mepivacaine
62(1)
5.4.2.6 Prilocaine
62(1)
5.4.2.7 Dibucaine (cinchocaine)
62(1)
5.4.2.8 Etidocaine
62(1)
References
63(2)
Chapter 6 Nonopioid and adjuvant analgesic agents
65(26)
6.1 Paracetamol
65(2)
6.1.1 Mechanism of action
65(1)
6.1.2 Clinical efficacy and use
66(1)
6.1.3 Adverse effects
66(1)
6.2 Nonselective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
67(4)
6.2.1 Mechanism of action
67(1)
6.2.2 Clinical efficacy and use
68(1)
6.2.3 Adverse effects
68(1)
6.2.3.1 Gastrointestinal
69(1)
6.2.3.2 Renal
69(1)
6.2.3.3 Platelet function
70(1)
6.2.3.4 Respiratory
70(1)
6.2.3.5 Other effects
70(1)
6.2.4 Precautions and contraindications
70(1)
6.3 COX-2 selective inhibitors (coxibs)
71(3)
6.3.1 Mechanism of action
72(1)
6.3.2 Clinical efficacy and use
72(1)
6.3.3 Adverse effects
72(1)
6.3.3.1 Gastrointestinal, respiratory, and renal
72(1)
6.3.3.2 Cardiac
72(2)
6.4 NMDA receptor antagonists
74(3)
6.4.1 Ketamine
74(1)
6.4.1.1 Clinical efficacy and use
75(1)
6.4.1.2 Adverse effects
76(1)
6.4.2 Dextromethorphan
77(1)
6.4.3 Magnesium
77(1)
6.5 Alpha-2-adrenergic agonist drugs
77(2)
6.5.1 Clonidine
78(1)
6.5.2 Dexmedetomidine
78(1)
6.6 Antidepressant drugs
79(1)
6.6.1 Tricyclic antidepressant drugs
79(1)
6.6.1.1 Clinical use
79(1)
6.6.1.2 Adverse effects
79(1)
6.6.2 Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
80(1)
6.7 Anticonvulsant drugs
80(3)
6.7.1 Gabapentinoids
81(1)
6.7.1.1 Mechanism of action
81(1)
6.7.1.2 Clinical use
81(1)
6.7.1.3 Treatment of neuropathic pain
81(1)
6.7.1.4 Use in the perioperative setting
82(1)
6.7.1.5 Adverse effects
82(1)
6.7.2 Carbamazepine
82(1)
6.7.3 Clonazepam
83(1)
6.8 Membrane stabilizing drugs
83(1)
6.8.1 Lidocaine
83(1)
6.8.1.1 Clinical use
83(1)
6.8.1.2 Adverse effects
84(1)
6.8.2 Mexiletine
84(1)
6.9 Inhalational agents
84(3)
6.9.1 Nitrous oxide
85(1)
6.9.1.1 Clinical efficacy and use
85(1)
6.9.1.2 Adverse effects
85(1)
6.9.2 Methoxyflurane
86(1)
6.10 Calcitonin
87(1)
6.11 Glucocorticoids
87(4)
References
88(3)
Chapter 7 Systemic routes of opioid administration
91(24)
7.1 Oral
93(4)
7.1.1 Immediate-release and slow-release formulations
93(1)
7.1.2 Titration of oral immediate-release opioids
94(1)
7.1.2.1 Dose range
94(1)
7.1.2.2 Dose interval
94(3)
7.1.2.3 Monitoring
97(1)
7.1.2.4 Selection of subsequent doses
97(1)
7.2 Subcutaneous and intramuscular
97(3)
7.2.1 Titration of intermittent SC or IM opioids
99(1)
7.2.1.1 Dose range
99(1)
7.2.1.2 Dose interval
99(1)
7.2.1.3 Monitoring and selection of subsequent doses
100(1)
7.3 Intravenous
100(5)
7.3.1 Titration of intermittent IV opioids
102(1)
7.3.1.1 Dose range
103(1)
7.3.1.2 Dose interval
103(1)
7.3.1.3 Monitoring and selection of subsequent doses
103(1)
7.3.1.4 Subsequent analgesic regimens
103(1)
7.3.2 Titration of continuous IV opioid in fusions
103(1)
7.3.2.1 Dose range
103(2)
7.3.2.2 Monitoring
105(1)
7.3.2.3 Alterations of infusion rates
105(1)
7.4 Rectal
105(1)
7.5 Transdermal
105(2)
7.5.1 Fentanyl patches
106(1)
7.5.2 Buprenorphine patches
107(1)
7.6 Transmucosal
107(8)
7.6.1 Intranasal
107(1)
7.6.2 Oral transmucosal (sublingual and buccal)
108(1)
7.6.3 Pulmonary
109(1)
References
109(2)
Appendix 7.1 Example of a "standard order" form for intermittent PRN oral and SC opioid regimens
111(4)
Chapter 8 Patient-controlled analgesia
115(20)
8.1 Equipment
115(2)
8.1.1 Electronic PCA pumps
115(2)
8.1.1.1 "Smart pumps"
117(1)
8.1.1.2 Consumables
117(1)
8.1.2 Disposable PCA devices
117(1)
8.2 Analgesic drugs used with PCA
117(1)
8.2.1 Opioids
117(1)
8.2.2 Other drugs
118(1)
8.3 The PCA "prescription"
118(4)
8.3.1 Loading dose
118(1)
8.3.2 Bolus dose
119(1)
8.3.3 Dose duration
120(1)
8.3.4 Lockout interval
120(1)
8.3.5 Continuous (background) infusion
120(1)
8.3.6 Concentration
121(1)
8.3.7 Dose limits
121(1)
8.4 Requirements for the safe management of PCA
122(2)
8.4.1 Suitable patient and patient education
122(1)
8.4.2 Nursing and medical staff education
122(1)
8.4.3 Standard orders and nursing procedure protocols
123(1)
8.4.3.1 Standard orders
123(1)
8.4.3.2 Nursing procedure protocols
124(1)
8.5 Management of inadequate analgesia
124(2)
8.5.1 Inadequate loading dose
124(1)
8.5.2 Inadequate bolus dose
124(1)
8.5.2.1 "Successful" and "unsuccessful" demands
125(1)
8.5.2.2 Side effects
125(1)
8.6 Complications of PCA
126(3)
8.6.1 Side effects related to the opioid
126(1)
8.6.1.1 Opioid-induced ventilatory impairment
126(1)
8.6.1.2 Confusion
126(1)
8.6.1.3 Nausea and vomiting
126(2)
8.6.1.4 Masking of postoperative or postinjury complications
128(1)
8.6.2 Complications related to equipment or human factors
128(1)
8.6.2.1 Equipment malfunction
128(1)
8.6.2.2 Operator-related errors
128(1)
8.6.2.3 Patient-related errors
128(1)
8.7 "Step-down" analgesia
129(1)
8.7.1 Oral opioids
129(1)
8.8 Alternative systemic routes of PCA administration
129(6)
8.8.1 Subcutaneous PCA
129(1)
8.8.2 Transmucosal PCA
130(1)
8.8.3 Transdermal PCA
130(1)
8.8.4 Epidural and other regional PCA
130(1)
References
131(1)
Appendix 8.1 Example of a "standard order" form for PCA
132(3)
Chapter 9 Epidural and intrathecal analgesia
135(34)
9.1 Anatomy
136(1)
9.2 Contraindications
137(2)
9.2.1 Untrained nursing and medical staff
137(1)
9.2.2 Patient rejection
137(1)
9.2.3 Contraindications to the placement of an epidural needle or catheter
138(1)
9.2.3.1 Local and systemic infection
138(1)
9.2.3.2 Central nervous system disease
138(1)
9.2.3.3 Hypovolemia
138(1)
9.2.3.4 Coagulation disorders or concurrent treatment with anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications
138(1)
9.2.3.5 Presence of a dural puncture
139(1)
9.3 Drugs used with epidural analgesia
139(9)
9.3.1 Local anesthetic drugs
139(1)
9.3.1.1 Site of action
139(1)
9.3.1.2 Doses
139(1)
9.3.1.3 Side effects
140(2)
9.3.2 Opioids
142(1)
9.3.2.1 Site of action
142(1)
9.3.2.2 Doses
143(1)
9.3.2.3 Side effects
144(2)
9.3.3 Combinations of local anesthetics and opioids
146(1)
9.3.3.1 Dose regimens
146(1)
9.3.4 Alpha-2 receptor agonists
147(1)
9.3.4.1 Clonidine
147(1)
9.3.4.2 Epinephrine
147(1)
9.3.5 Other adjuvant drugs
147(1)
9.4 Requirements for the safe management of epidural analgesia
148(2)
9.4.1 Standard orders and nursing procedure protocols
148(1)
9.4.1.1 Standard orders
148(2)
9.4.1.2 Nursing procedure protocols
150(1)
9.5 Patient-controlled epidural analgesia
150(1)
9.6 Management of inadequate analgesia
150(2)
9.7 "Step-down" analgesia
152(1)
9.8 Complications and side effects of epidural analgesia
152(7)
9.8.1 Postdural puncture headache
152(3)
9.8.2 Nerve or spinal cord injury
155(1)
9.8.3 Epidural hematoma
155(1)
9.8.3.1 Diagnosis and treatment
155(1)
9.8.3.2 Treatment
156(1)
9.8.3.3 Prevention
156(1)
9.8.4 Epidural space infection
156(1)
9.8.4.1 Diagnosis
157(1)
9.8.4.2 Treatment
157(1)
9.8.4.3 Prevention
157(1)
9.8.5 Catheter migration
158(1)
9.8.6 Problems related to equipment
158(1)
9.8.6.1 Epidural catheter or filter
158(1)
9.8.6.2 Infusion pumps
159(1)
9.8.7 Side effects related to drugs
159(1)
9.9 Concurrent antithrombotic or antiplatelet therapy
159(3)
9.9.1 Warfarin
160(1)
9.9.2 Heparins
160(1)
9.9.2.1 Standard unfractionated heparin (intravenous)
160(1)
9.9.2.2 Standard unfractionated heparin (subcutaneous)
160(1)
9.9.2.3 Low molecular weight heparin
161(1)
9.9.3 Newer anticoagulants
161(1)
9.9.3.1 Fondaparinux
161(1)
9.9.3.2 Dabigatran
162(1)
9.9.3.3 Rivaroxaban
162(1)
9.9.4 Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and other antiplatelet agents
162(1)
9.9.4.1 Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
162(1)
9.9.4.2 Other antiplatelet drugs
162(1)
9.9.5 Thrombolytic and fibrinolytic therapy
162(1)
9.10 Intrathecal analgesia
162(7)
9.10.1 Drugs used for intrathecal analgesia
163(1)
9.10.2 Opioid doses
163(1)
9.10.3 Possible side effects
163(1)
9.10.4 Management of inadequate analgesia
164(1)
References
164(2)
Appendix 9.1 Example of a "standard order" form for epidural and intrathecal analgesia
166(3)
Chapter 10 Other regional and local analgesia
169(14)
10.1 Continuous peripheral nerve blockade
169(7)
10.1.1 Upper limb
170(1)
10.1.2 Lower limb
170(1)
10.1.3 Thoracic
171(1)
10.1.4 Abdominal
171(1)
10.1.5 Drugs used with CPNB analgesia
171(1)
10.1.5.1 Local anesthetics
171(1)
10.1.5.2 Opioids
172(1)
10.1.5.3 Clonidine and epinephrine
172(1)
10.1.5.4 Dexamethasone
172(1)
10.1.6 Requirements for the safe management of CPNB
172(1)
10.1.6.1 Equipment
172(1)
10.1.6.2 Standard orders
173(1)
10.1.6.3 Monitoring and documentation requirements
173(1)
10.1.6.4 Drug orders
173(1)
10.1.6.5 Nursing procedure protocols
174(1)
10.1.7 Patient-controlled CPNB
174(1)
10.1.8 Ambulatory CPNB
174(1)
10.1.9 Complications of CPNB
175(1)
10.1.9.1 Complications arising from the drugs used
175(1)
10.1.9.2 Neurological injury
175(1)
10.1.9.3 Complications arising from infection
175(1)
10.1.9.4 Complications arising from anticoagulation
175(1)
10.1.9.5 Other complications
176(1)
10.2 Intraarticular analgesia
176(1)
10.3 Wound infiltration
176(1)
10.4 Topical analgesia
176(7)
References
177(2)
Appendix 10.1 Example of a "standard order" form for continuous regional analgesia
179(4)
Chapter 11 Nonpharmacological therapies
183(4)
11.1 Psychological interventions
183(1)
11.1.1 Information
183(1)
11.1.2 Relaxation and attentional strategies
183(1)
11.1.3 Cognitive behavioral interventions
184(1)
11.1.4 Hypnosis
184(1)
11.2 Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
184(1)
11.3 Acupuncture
184(1)
11.4 Physical interventions
185(2)
References
185(2)
Chapter 12 Acute neuropathic and persistent postacute pain
187(14)
12.1 Pathophysiology of neuropathic pain
187(2)
12.2 Clinical features and diagnosis of neuropathic pain
189(1)
12.3 Acute neuropathic pain syndromes
189(2)
12.3.1 Postamputation pain syndrome
189(2)
12.3.2 Complex regional pain syndrome
191(1)
12.4 Treatment of acute neuropathic pain
191(4)
12.4.1 Pharmacological treatments
192(1)
12.4.1.1 Specific treatment of acute neuropathic pain states
192(1)
12.4.1.2 Treatment approaches to neuropathic pain in general
193(1)
12.4.1.3 Topical treatments
193(1)
12.4.2 Regional neural blockade
194(1)
12.4.3 Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
194(1)
12.4.4 Treatment of postamputation pain syndromes
194(1)
12.5 Progression of acute to persistent pain
195(1)
12.6 Preventive analgesia
196(5)
References
197(4)
Chapter 13 Nonsurgical acute pain
201(8)
13.1 Burns injury
201(2)
13.1.1 Pharmacological
201(1)
13.1.1.1 Initial pain relief
201(1)
13.1.1.2 "Background" analgesia
202(1)
13.1.1.3 Procedural analgesia
202(1)
13.1.2 Nonpharmacological
203(1)
13.2 Spinal cord injury
203(1)
13.2.1 Management of pain associated with acute spinal cord injury
204(1)
13.3 Other specific conditions
204(5)
13.3.1 Abdominal pain
204(1)
13.3.1.1 Renal and biliary colic
204(1)
13.3.1.2 Pancreatitis
204(1)
13.3.2 Herpes zoster
204(1)
13.3.3 Sickle cell disease and hemophilia
205(1)
13.3.3.1 Sickle cell disease
206(1)
13.3.3.2 Hemophilia
206(1)
13.3.4 Neurological disease
206(1)
13.3.4.1 HIV/AIDS
207(1)
13.3.4.2 Guillain-Barre syndrome
207(1)
13.3.4.3 Multiple sclerosis
207(1)
References
208(1)
Chapter 14 More complex patients
209(30)
14.1 Older patients
209(10)
14.1.1 Assessment of pain
210(1)
14.1.1.1 Perception of pain
210(1)
14.1.1.2 Reporting of pain
210(1)
14.1.1.3 Cognitive impairment
210(1)
14.1.1.4 Measurement of pain
211(1)
14.1.2 Changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
212(1)
14.1.2.1 Pharmacokinetics
212(1)
14.1.2.2 Pharmacodynamics
212(1)
14.1.3 Analgesic drugs
212(1)
14.1.3.1 Opioids and tramadol
212(3)
14.1.3.2 Other analgesic and adjuvant drugs
215(1)
14.1.4 Specific analgesic techniques
215(1)
14.1.4.1 Patient-controlled analgesia
215(3)
14.1.4.2 Epidural and intrathecal analgesia
218(1)
14.1.4.3 Other regional analgesia
218(1)
14.2 Opioid-tolerant patients
219(8)
14.2.1 Opioid tolerance, hyperalgesia, dependence, and addiction
219(1)
14.2.1.1 Tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia
219(1)
14.2.1.2 Physical dependence
220(1)
14.2.2 Aims of treatment
221(1)
14.2.3 Review prior to commencement of pain relief
221(1)
14.2.4 Effective analgesia
222(1)
14.2.4.1 Opioids and tramadol
222(1)
14.2.4.2 Attenuation of tolerance and hyperalgesia
223(1)
14.2.4.3 Other analgesic agents and techniques
224(1)
14.2.5 Specific analgesic techniques
224(1)
14.2.5.1 Patient-controlled analgesia
224(2)
14.2.5.2 Regional analgesia
226(1)
14.2.6 Prevention of withdrawal
226(1)
14.2.7 Involvement of multidisciplinary and other specialist teams
226(1)
14.2.8 Discharge analgesia
226(1)
14.3 Patients with an addiction disorder
227(4)
14.3.1 Use of opioids in patients with a past addiction disorder
228(1)
14.3.2 Withdrawal from other drugs
228(1)
14.3.3 Management of aberrant drug-taking behaviors
229(1)
14.3.4 Drugs used in the treatment of opioid addiction
229(1)
14.3.4.1 Methadone
229(1)
14.3.4.2 Buprenorphine
230(1)
14.3.4.3 Naltrexone
230(1)
14.3.5 Discharge analgesia
231(1)
14.4 Patients with obstructive sleep apnea
231(1)
14.4.1 Opioid analgesia and patients with OSA
231(1)
14.5 Pregnant or lactating patients
232(4)
14.5.1 Analgesic use during pregnancy
232(1)
14.5.2 Analgesic use during lactation
233(3)
14.6 Patients with renal or hepatic impairment
236(3)
References
236(3)
Chapter 15 Opioid analgesia after discharge from hospital
239(10)
15.1 Potential risks
239(3)
15.1.1 Adverse effects of opioids
239(1)
15.1.1.1 Opioid-related side effects
239(1)
15.1.1.2 Inadvertent initiation of long-term use
240(1)
15.1.1.3 Effect on driving ability
240(1)
15.1.2 Risk of diversion and harm
241(1)
15.1.2.1 Identification of the "at risk" patient
241(1)
15.2 Choice of discharge opioid regimen
242(2)
15.2.1 Choice of opioid
242(1)
15.2.1.1 Opioid-tolerant patients
243(1)
15.2.2 Relevant legislation and regulations
243(1)
15.2.3 Duration of treatment
243(1)
15.3 Information for patients and treating doctors
244(5)
15.3.1 Patient information
244(1)
15.3.2 Information for the treating doctors
245(1)
References
245(4)
Chapter 16 Self-assessment questions
249(11)
Answers 260(1)
Index 261
Pamela E. Macintyre, BMedSc, MBBS, MHA, FANZCA, FFPMANZCA, Director Acute Pain Service, Department of Anaesthesia, Pain Medicine and Hyperbaric Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital and clinical associate professor, Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Australia.

Stephan A. Schug, MD, FANZCA, FFPMANZCA, Professor and Chair of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Anaesthesiology Unit, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia and Director of Pain Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Australia.