Contributors |
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ix | |
Foreword |
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xiii | |
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1 Additive manufacturing of biopolymers |
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1 | (10) |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (2) |
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3 Biopolymers in additive manufacturing |
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3 | (2) |
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4 Classification of AM techniques for biopolymers |
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5 | (2) |
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5 Challenges and future trends |
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7 | (2) |
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9 | (2) |
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2 Additive manufacturing and 3D printing techniques for biopolymers |
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11 | (28) |
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11 | (2) |
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2 Vat photopolymerization |
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13 | (6) |
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19 | (4) |
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23 | (2) |
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5 Other solid-based AM processes |
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25 | (3) |
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6 Bioprinting and hybrid biomanufacturing |
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28 | (2) |
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7 Conclusions and future perspectives |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (8) |
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3 Biopolymers in additive manufacturing |
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39 | (26) |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (2) |
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42 | (1) |
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4 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) |
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43 | (3) |
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46 | (6) |
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52 | (7) |
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59 | (1) |
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8 Conclusions and outlook |
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59 | (2) |
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61 | (4) |
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4 3D printing of biopolymer-based hydrogels |
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65 | (36) |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (2) |
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67 | (4) |
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4 Extrusion-based 3D printing of biopolymer hydrogels |
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71 | (14) |
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5 Inkjet 3D printing of biopolymer hydrogels |
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85 | (3) |
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6 Laser-mediated 3D printing |
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88 | (3) |
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7 Conclusion and future perspectives |
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91 | (3) |
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8 Data availability statement |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (7) |
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5 3D printing of fire-retardant biopolymers |
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101 | (34) |
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101 | (2) |
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2 Mechanisms of action of flame retardants and fire tests |
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103 | (8) |
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3 Strategies of flame retardancy through 3D printing technologies |
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111 | (5) |
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4 Additive manufacturing of flame retarded PLA using fused filament fabrication |
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116 | (3) |
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5 3D printing of biobased polymer blends: a case study of flame retardant PLA/PA11 compositions processed via FFF technology |
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119 | (9) |
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6 Conclusions and perspectives |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (6) |
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6 3D printing of biopolymer composites and nanocomposites |
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135 | (32) |
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135 | (2) |
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2 Additive manufacturing of biopolymers and their composites |
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137 | (8) |
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3 Benefits of 3D printed biopolymer nanocomposites |
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145 | (8) |
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4 Applications and case studies |
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153 | (4) |
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5 Perspectives on the future of AM with biopolymer composites |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (8) |
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7 3D printing of shape-switching biopolymers |
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167 | (24) |
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167 | (2) |
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2 Typical basic approaches for shape-switching |
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169 | (11) |
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3 Typical potential applications |
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180 | (7) |
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187 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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187 | (4) |
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8 4D printing of biopolymers |
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191 | (38) |
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191 | (7) |
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2 Structural design for 4D printing of biomaterials |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (18) |
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4 Limitations and challenges |
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217 | (1) |
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5 Conclusion and future perspective |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (11) |
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9 Post-processing methods for 3D printed biopolymers |
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229 | (36) |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (4) |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (5) |
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5 Cleaning post-processes |
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240 | (1) |
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6 UV and thermal treatment |
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241 | (2) |
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7 Surface roughness as a result of AM processes |
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243 | (3) |
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246 | (3) |
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9 Mechanical abrasive techniques |
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249 | (2) |
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10 Other methods of post-processing |
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251 | (5) |
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11 Conclusion and future perspectives |
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256 | (3) |
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259 | (6) |
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10 3D printed bio-based polymers and hydrogels for tissue engineering |
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265 | (38) |
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265 | (1) |
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2 Technologies behind 3DBP |
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266 | (6) |
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3 Biomaterials for 3D (bio)printing |
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272 | (11) |
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4 Physiochemical properties and biological response of biopolymer |
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283 | (11) |
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294 | (1) |
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295 | (1) |
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295 | (8) |
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11 3D printed biopolymers for medical applications and devices |
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303 | (28) |
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303 | (1) |
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2 3D printing techniques and biopolymers |
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304 | (7) |
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3 3D printed biopolymers for medical and pharmaceutical applications |
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311 | (10) |
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4 Regulation of 3D printed medical devices |
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321 | (2) |
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5 Conclusions and future perspectives |
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323 | (2) |
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325 | (6) |
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12 Potential applications of 3D and 4D printing of biopolymers |
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331 | (40) |
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331 | (1) |
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2 Overview of 3D printing techniques for biopolymers |
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332 | (6) |
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3 Mechanisms of 4D printing |
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338 | (3) |
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4 Potential applications of 3D printing of biopolymers |
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341 | (10) |
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5 Potential applications of 4D printing of biopolymers |
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351 | (10) |
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361 | (1) |
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362 | (9) |
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13 3D printing with biopolymers: toward a circular economy |
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371 | (30) |
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371 | (3) |
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2 3D printing biopolymers |
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374 | (4) |
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3 Material innovation: 3D printing biopolymer performance |
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378 | (3) |
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4 Process: life-cycle analysis of biopolymers and 3D printing process |
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381 | (3) |
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5 Material supply chain: sourcing biopolymers for local production |
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384 | (4) |
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6 Case study: sourcing chitosan from waste |
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388 | (3) |
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7 Conclusion and future trends |
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391 | (2) |
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393 | (8) |
Index |
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401 | |