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El. knyga: Additive Manufacturing: Fundamentals and Advancements

(Department of Mechanical), (PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Jabalpur, India), (Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India), (Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India)
  • Formatas: 320 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 17-Sep-2019
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351049368
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Additive Manufacturing: Fundamentals and AdvancementsDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: 320 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 17-Sep-2019
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351049368
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There is a growing need for manufacturing optimization all over the world. The immense market of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies dictates a need for a book that will provide knowledge of the various aspects of AM for anyone interested in learning about this fast-growing topic. This book disseminates knowledge of AM amongst scholars at graduate level, post graduate level, doctoral level, as well as industry personnel. The objective is to offer a state-of-the-art book which covers all aspects of AM and incorporates all information regarding trends, historical developments, classifications, materials, tooling, software issues, dynamic design, principles, limitations, and communication interfaces in a one-stop resource.Features:Breaks down systematic coverage of various aspects of AM within four distinct sectionsContains details of various AM techniques based on ASTM guidelines Discusses many AM applications with suitable illustrations Includes recent trends in the field of AMCovers engineering materials utilized as raw materials in AM Compares AM techniques with different traditional manufacturing methods
List of Figures
xiii
List of Tables
xix
List of Abbreviations
xxi
Preface xxv
Summary xxix
Acknowledgments xxxi
About the Authors xxxiii
Section A General Details of Additive Manufacturing Processes
1(60)
1 Introduction
3(10)
1.1 Introduction
3(1)
1.2 Types of AM Technologies
3(1)
1.3 Nomenclature of AM Machines
4(1)
1.4 Prototyping, Tooling and Manufacturing
5(4)
1.4.1 Direct AM Processes
6(1)
1.4.1.1 Direct Prototyping
6(1)
1.4.1.2 Direct Tooling
6(1)
1.4.1.2.1 Prototype Tooling
7(1)
1.4.1.3 Direct Manufacturing
7(1)
1.4.2 Indirect AM Processes
7(1)
1.4.2.1 Indirect Prototyping
8(1)
1.4.2.2 Indirect Tooling
8(1)
1.4.2.3 Indirect Manufacturing
8(1)
1.5 Advantages of AM Processes
9(1)
1.6 Challenges of AM Processes
10(1)
1.7 Summary
11(2)
2 Comparison of Additive Manufacturing with Conventional Manufacturing Processes
13(12)
2.1 Introduction
13(1)
2.2 Comparison between AM and Conventional Manufacturing
14(4)
2.2.1 Comparison between AM and CNC Machining
14(2)
2.2.2 Comparison between AM and Deformation Processes
16(2)
2.2.3 Comparison between AM and Primary or Shaping Processes
18(1)
2.3 Pros and Cons of AM with Respect to Conventional Manufacturing
18(3)
2.3.1 Part Flexibility
19(1)
2.3.2 Waste Prevention
19(1)
2.3.3 Production Flexibility
20(1)
2.3.4 Process Running Cost
20(1)
2.3.5 Probability of Change
20(1)
2.3.6 Start-up Investment
20(1)
2.3.7 Mass Production
20(1)
2.3.8 Raw Material
20(1)
2.4 Summary
21(4)
3 Additive Manufacturing Processes
25(14)
3.1 Introduction
25(1)
3.2 Classification of AM Processes
26(5)
3.3 Common AM Processes
31(1)
3.4 Summary
31(8)
4 Evolution of Additive Manufacturing Technologies
39(12)
4.1 Introduction
39(1)
4.2 Evolution of AM Technologies
40(1)
4.3 Timeline of AM Technology
41(6)
4.4 Summary
47(4)
5 Generalized Additive Manufacturing Process Chain
51(10)
5.1 Introduction
51(1)
5.2 AM as Fundamental Time Compression Engineering (TCE) Element
51(2)
5.3 AM Data and Information Flow
53(1)
5.4 Generalized AM Process Chain and Eight Steps in AM
54(3)
5.5 Variation from One AM Machine to Another
57(1)
5.6 Maintenance of Equipment
58(1)
5.7 Material Handling Issues
58(1)
5.8 Summary
58(3)
Section B Process Specific Details of Various Additive Manufacturing Processes
61(106)
6 Additive Manufacturing Processes Utilizing Vat Photopolymerization
63(18)
6.1 Introduction
63(1)
6.2 Materials
64(2)
6.2.1 Precursors
64(1)
6.2.2 Photoinitiators
65(1)
6.2.3 Absorbers
65(1)
6.2.4 Filled Resins
65(1)
6.2.5 Additives
66(1)
6.2.6 Post-Processing
66(1)
6.3 Photopolymerization Process
66(2)
6.4 Process Modelling
68(1)
6.5 Variants and Classification of Vat Photopolymerization Process
69(9)
6.5.1 Free and Constrained Surface Approaches
74(1)
6.5.2 Laser-SLA
75(1)
6.5.2.1 Two Photon Photopolymerization (TPP)
75(1)
6.5.2.2 Pinpoint Solidification
75(1)
6.5.2.3 Bulk Lithography
75(1)
6.5.3 Digital Light Processing SLA Process (DLP-SLA)
76(1)
6.5.3.1 Continuous Liquid Interface Production
77(1)
6.5.4 Liquid Crystal Display Stereolithography
78(1)
6.6 Advantages and Limitations of Vat Photopolymerization Processes
78(1)
6.7 Summary
79(2)
7 Additive Manufacturing Processes Utilizing Powder Bed Fusion Technique
81(18)
7.1 Introduction
81(1)
7.2 Materials
81(2)
7.3 Powder Fusion Mechanism
83(1)
7.4 Process Parameters and Modelling
84(2)
7.4.1 Processing Temperatures (TProcessing)
85(1)
7.4.2 Total Free Energy (Es)
85(1)
7.4.3 Surface Area Bed/Volume Ratio of Particle (SAbed/VRparticle)
86(1)
7.4.4 Particle Dimensions
86(1)
7.4.5 Raw Material Thermal Properties
86(1)
7.5 Powder Handling
86(1)
7.6 Powder Fusion Techniques
87(3)
7.6.1 Solid State Sintering
87(1)
7.6.2 Chemical Sintering
88(1)
7.6.3 Complete Melting
89(1)
7.6.4 Liquid Phase Sintering/Partial Melting
89(1)
7.6.5 Indirect Processing
89(1)
7.6.6 Pattern Method
90(1)
7.6.7 Direct Sintering
90(1)
7.7 Powder Bed Fusion Process Variants
90(5)
7.7.1 Low Temperature Laser-Based Processing
91(1)
7.7.2 Metal and Ceramic Laser-Based Systems
92(1)
7.7.3 Electron Beam Melting
93(1)
7.7.4 Line- and Layer-Wise Systems
94(1)
7.8 Strengths and Weaknesses of PBF-based AM techniques
95(1)
7.9 Summary
96(3)
8 Additive Manufacturing Processes Utilizing an Extrusion-Based System
99(18)
8.1 Introduction
99(1)
8.2 Basic Principles of Extrusion-Based Processes
99(2)
8.3 Fused Deposition Modelling
101(8)
8.3.1 FDM Materials
101(1)
8.3.2 Working Principles of FDM
102(1)
8.3.3 FDM Process Parameters
103(2)
8.3.4 Performance Measures
105(1)
8.3.5 FDM Modellers
106(1)
8.3.6 FDM Limitations
106(3)
8.4 Bio-Extrusion
109(1)
8.5 Contour Crafting
109(1)
8.6 Non-Planar Systems
110(1)
8.7 RepRap FDM Systems
110(1)
8.8 Fab@home FDM Systems
111(1)
8.9 Applications
111(2)
8.10 Summary
113(4)
9 Additive Manufacturing Processes Utilizing Material Jetting
117(14)
9.1 Introduction
117(1)
9.2 Variants of Material Jetting
118(1)
9.3 Multi-Jet Printing
118(1)
9.4 Droplet Formation Techniques
119(4)
9.4.1 Continuous Stream Inkjet Technology
120(2)
9.4.2 Drop-on-Demand Inkjet Technology
122(1)
9.5 Materials for Material Jetting
123(1)
9.6 Advantages, Drawbacks and Applications of Material Jetting
124(3)
9.6.1 Advantages of MJ
124(1)
9.6.2 Drawbacks of MJ
125(1)
9.6.3 Applications of MJ
126(1)
9.7 Design and Quality Aspects
127(1)
9.8 Summary
127(4)
10 Additive Manufacturing Processes Utilizing Binder Jetting
131(14)
10.1 Introduction
131(1)
10.2 Process Description
132(2)
10.3 Raw Materials
134(1)
10.4 Design and Quality Aspects of BJ
134(6)
10.4.1 Process Related Parameters
134(2)
10.4.2 Material Related Parameters
136(4)
10.5 Advantages of Binder Jetting
140(1)
10.6 Drawbacks of Binder Jetting
141(1)
10.7 Applications of Binder Jetting
141(1)
10.8 Summary
142(3)
11 Additive Manufacturing Processes Utilizing Sheet Lamination Processes
145(10)
11.1 Introduction
145(1)
11.2 Variants of Sheet Lamination
145(1)
11.3 Laminated Object Manufacturing
146(4)
11.3.1 Process Description
146(2)
11.3.2 Materials for LOM
148(1)
11.3.3 Process Variants of LOM
148(1)
11.3.4 Advantages of LOM
148(1)
11.3.5 Drawbacks of LOM
148(1)
11.3.6 Design and Quality Aspects
149(1)
11.3.7 Applications of LOM
149(1)
11.4 Ultrasonic Consolidation
150(3)
11.4.1 Benefits of UAM
152(1)
11.4.2 Drawbacks of UAM
152(1)
11.4.3 Applications of UAM
153(1)
11.5 Summary
153(2)
12 Additive Manufacturing Processes Utilizing Directed Energy Deposition Processes
155(12)
12.1 Introduction
155(1)
12.2 Variants of Directed Energy Deposition
156(1)
12.3 Process Description
157(1)
12.4 Classification of DED Techniques
158(7)
12.4.1 Laser-Based DED Techniques
158(1)
12.4.1.1 Direct Laser Deposition
158(1)
12.4.1.1.1 Process Parameters of DLD
158(1)
12.4.1.1.2 Laser-Based DED Techniques for 2D Geometries
159(1)
12.4.1.1.3 Laser-Based DED Techniques for 3D Geometries
159(3)
12.4.1.1.4 Applications of Laser Based DED (LB-DED)
162(2)
12.4.2 Electron Beam-Based DED Processes
164(1)
12.5 Advantages of DED
165(1)
12.6 Drawbacks of DED
165(1)
12.7 Summary
165(2)
Section C Material, Design and Related Aspects of Additive Manufacturing Processes
167(38)
13 Materials for Additive Manufacturing
169(18)
13.1 Introduction
169(1)
13.2 Materials for AM
169(10)
13.2.1 Forms/State of Materials for AM Processes
171(3)
13.2.2 Polymers
174(1)
13.2.3 Metals
175(2)
13.2.4 Ceramic Materials
177(1)
13.2.5 Composite Materials
177(2)
13.3 Material Binding Mechanisms in AM
179(1)
13.3.1 Binding Using Secondary Phase Assistance
179(1)
13.3.2 Binding Using Chemical Induction
180(1)
13.3.3 Binding Using Solid State Sintering
180(1)
13.3.4 Binding Using Liquid Fusion
180(1)
13.4 Defects in AM Parts
180(4)
13.4.1 Balling Phenomena
181(1)
13.4.2 Porosity Defects
182(1)
13.4.3 Cracks
182(1)
13.4.4 Distortion
183(1)
13.4.5 Inferior Surface Finish
183(1)
13.5 Summary
184(3)
14 Additive Manufacturing Design and Strategies
14.1 Introduction
187(1)
14.2 Design for AM
188(1)
14.3 AM Design Tools
189(2)
14.4 Design Considerations
191(4)
14.5 DEAM Design Strategies
195(3)
14.6 DFAM System Details
198(2)
14.7 Summary
200(5)
Section D Trends, Advancements, Applications and Conclusion
15 Hybrid Additive Manufacturing
205(30)
15.1 Introduction
205(1)
15.2 Hybrid AM
206(23)
15.2.1 Ultrasonic AM
207(1)
15.2.1.1 Working Principles of UAM
207(4)
15.2.1.2 Applications of UAM
211(1)
15.2.1.2.1 Embedding of Electronic Structures into Metal Matrices
211(1)
15.2.1.2.2 Fabrication of Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites and Metallic Laminates
211(3)
15.2.2 AM Using Cold Spraying
214(1)
15.2.2.1 Working Principles of CSAM
215(3)
15.2.2.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of CSAM
218(1)
15.2.2.3 Applications of CSAM
218(3)
15.2.2.4 Challenges of CSAM
221(1)
15.2.3 Friction-Based AM
221(1)
15.2.3.1 Friction Stir AM
222(5)
15.2.3.2 Additive Friction Stir
227(2)
15.2.3.3 Applications of FBAM
229(1)
15.2.4 Comparison between UAM, FSAM and AFS
229(1)
15.3 Summary
229(6)
16 Additive Manufacturing Applications
235(24)
16.1 Introduction
235(1)
16.2 Application of AM Parts as Visualization Tools
235(1)
16.3 AM Applications in Aerospace
236(4)
16.3.1 Repair Work of Aerospace Components Using AM
237(3)
16.4 Automotive Applications of AM
240(2)
16.5 Medical Applications
242(7)
16.5.1 Applications of AM in Biomaterials
247(2)
16.6 Construction Industry
249(4)
16.7 Retail Applications
253(1)
16.8 Summary
253(6)
17 Impact and Forecasting of Additive Manufacturing
259(10)
17.1 Introduction
259(1)
17.2 Impact of AM
259(6)
17.2.1 Impact on Health and Well-Being
261(1)
17.2.2 Impact on Environment
261(1)
17.2.3 AM Impact upon Supply Chain Management
262(1)
17.2.4 Health and Occupational Hazards
263(1)
17.2.5 Impact on Repair
263(2)
17.3 Economic Characteristics of AM
265(1)
17.4 Sustainability of AM
265(1)
17.5 Summary and Future of AM
266(3)
18 Conclusion
269(6)
18.1 Conclusive Summary
269(1)
18.2 Future Trends
270(5)
Index 275
Manu Srivastava, Sandeep Rathee, Sachin Maheshwari, TK Kundra
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