|
|
|
|
|
Part One Advanced Analysis of Steel Frames. |
|
|
|
|
|
1.1 Type of Steel Frames. |
|
|
|
1.2 Type of Components for Steel Frames. |
|
|
|
1.3 Type of Beam–Column Connections. |
|
|
|
1.4 Deformation of Joint Panel. |
|
|
|
1.5 Analysis Tasks and Method for Steel Frame Design. |
|
|
|
1.6 Definition of Elements in Steel Frames. |
|
|
|
Chapter 2 Elastic Stiffness Equation of Prismatic Beam Element. |
|
|
|
2.1 General Form of Equation. |
|
|
|
2.1.1 Beam Element in Tension. |
|
|
|
2.1.2 Beam Element in Compression. |
|
|
|
2.1.3 Series Expansion of Stiffness Equations. |
|
|
|
2.1.4 Beam Element with Initial Geometric Imperfection. |
|
|
|
2.2 Special Forms of Elemental Equations. |
|
|
|
2.2.1 Neglecting Effect of Shear Deformation. |
|
|
|
2.2.2 Neglecting Effect of Axial Force. |
|
|
|
2.2.3 Neglecting Effects of Shear Deformation and Axial Force. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.3.2 Simply Supported Beam. |
|
|
|
Chapter 3 Elastic Stiffness Equation of Tapered Beam Element. |
|
|
|
3.1 Tapered Beam Element. |
|
|
|
3.1.1 Differential Equilibrium Equation. |
|
|
|
3.1.2 Stiffness Equation. |
|
|
|
3.2 Numerical Verification. |
|
|
|
3.2.1 Symmetry of Stiffness Matrix. |
|
|
|
|
|
3.2.3 Elastic Critical Load. |
|
|
|
3.2.4 Frequency of Free Vibration. |
|
|
|
3.2.5 Effect of Term Number Truncated in Polynomial Series. |
|
|
|
3.2.6 Steel Portal Frame. |
|
|
|
|
|
3.3.1 Chebyshev Polynomial Approach (Rice, 1992). |
|
|
|
3.3.2 Expression of Elements in Equation (3.23). |
|
|
|
Chapter 4 Elastic Stiffness Equation of Composite Beam Element. |
|
|
|
4.1 Characteristics and Classification of Composite Beam. |
|
|
|
4.2 Effects of Composite Action on Elastic Stiffness of Composite Beam. |
|
|
|
4.2.1 Beam without Composite Action. |
|
|
|
4.2.2 Beam with Full Composite Action. |
|
|
|
4.2.3 Beam with Partial Composite Action. |
|
|
|
4.3 Elastic Stiffness Equation of Steel–Concrete Composite Beam Element. |
|
|
|
|
|
4.3.2 Differential Equilibrium Equation of Partially Composite Beam. |
|
|
|
4.3.3 Stiffness Equation of Composite Beam Element. |
|
|
|
4.3.4 Equivalent Nodal Load Vector. |
|
|
|
|
|
4.5 Problems in Present Work. |
|
|
|
Chapter 5 Sectional Yielding and Hysteretic Model of Steel Beam Columns. |
|
|
|
5.1 Yielding of Beam Section Subjected to Uniaxial Bending. |
|
|
|
5.2 Yielding of Column Section Subjected to Uniaxial Bending. |
|
|
|
5.3 Yielding of Column Section Subjected to Biaxial Bending. |
|
|
|
5.3.1 Equation of Initial Yielding Surface. |
|
|
|
5.3.2 Equation of Ultimate Yielding Surface. |
|
|
|
5.3.3 Approximate Expression of Ultimate Yielding Surface. |
|
|
|
5.3.4 Effects of Torsion Moment. |
|
|
|
|
|
5.4.1 Cyclic Loading and Hysteretic Behaviour. |
|
|
|
5.4.2 Hysteretic Model of Beam Section. |
|
|
|
5.4.3 Hysteretic Model of Column Section Subjected to Uniaxial Bending. |
|
|
|
5.4.4 Hysteretic Model of Column Section Subjected to Biaxial Bending. |
|
|
|
5.5 Determination of Loading and Deformation States of Beam–Column Sections. |
|
|
|
Chapter 6 Hysteretic Behaviour of Composite Beams. |
|
|
|
6.1 Hysteretic Model of Steel and Concrete Material Under Cyclic Loading. |
|
|
|
6.1.1 Hysteretic Model of Steel Stress–Strain Relationship. |
|
|
|
6.1.2 Hysteretic Model of Concrete Stress–Strain Relationship. |
|
|
|
6.2 Numerical Method for Moment–Curvature Hysteretic Curves. |
|
|
|
|
|
6.2.2 Sectional Division. |
|
|
|
6.2.3 Calculation Procedure of Moment–Curvature Relationship. |
|
|
|
6.3 Hysteretic Characteristics of Moment–Curvature Relationships. |
|
|
|
6.3.1 Characteristics of Hysteretic Curves. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.4.1 Height of Concrete Flange hc. |
|
|
|
6.4.2 Width of Concrete Flange Bc. |
|
|
|
6.4.3 Height of Steel Beam hs. |
|
|
|
|
|
6.4.5 Yielding Strength of Steel fy. |
|
|
|
6.4.6 Compressive Strength of Concrete fck. |
|
|
|
6.4.7 Summary of Parametric Studies. |
|
|
|
6.5 Simplified Hysteretic Model. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chapter 7 Elasto-Plastic Stiffness Equation of Beam Element. |
|
|
|
7.1 Plastic Hinge Theory. |
|
|
|
7.1.1 Hinge Formed at One End of Element. |
|
|
|
7.1.2 Hinge Formed at Both Ends of Element. |
|
|
|
|
|
7.3 Generalized Clough Model. |
|
|
|
7.4 Elasto-Plastic Hinge Model. |
|
|
|
7.4.1 Both Ends Yielding. |
|
|
|
7.4.2 Only End 1 Yielding. |
|
|
|
7.4.3 Only End 2 Yielding. |
|
|
|
|
|
7.5 Comparison Between Elasto-Plastic Hinge Model and Generalized Clough Model. |
|
|
|
7.5.1 Only End 1 Yielding. |
|
|
|
7.5.2 Both Ends Yielding. |
|
|
|
|
|
7.6 Effects of Residual Stresses and Treatment of Tapered Element. |
|
|
|
7.6.1 Effects of Residual Stresses on Plasticity Spread Along Element Section. |
|
|
|
7.6.2 Effects of Residual Stresses on Plasticity Spread Along Element Length. |
|
|
|
7.6.3 Treatment of Tapered Element. |
|
|
|
7.7 Beam Element with Plastic Hinge Between Two Ends. |
|
|
|
7.8 Subdivided Model with Variable Stiffness for Composite Beam Element. |
|
|
|
|
|
7.8.2 Stiffness Equation of Composite Beam Element. |
|
|
|
|
|
7.9.1 A Steel Portal Frame with Prismatic Members. |
|
|
|
7.9.2 A Steel Portal Frame with Tapered Members. |
|
|
|
7.9.3 Vogel Portal Frame. |
|
|
|
7.9.4 Vogel Six-Storey Frame. |
|
|
|
7.9.5 A Single-Storey Frame with Mid-Span Concentrated Load. |
|
|
|
7.9.6 A Single-Storey Frame with Distributed Load. |
|
|
|
7.9.7 A Four-Storey Frame with Mid-Span Concentrated Load. |
|
|
|
7.9.8 A Two-Span Three-Storey Composite Frame. |
|
|
|
Chapter 8 Elastic and Elasto-Plastic Stiffness Equations of Column Element. |
|
|
|
8.1 Force and Deformation of Column Element. |
|
|
|
8.2 Elastic Stiffness Equation of Column Element Subjected to Biaxial Bending. |
|
|
|
8.3 Elasto-Plastic Stiffness Equations of Column Element Subjected to Biaxial Bending. |
|
|
|
8.3.1 Both Ends Yielding. |
|
|
|
8.3.2 Only End 1 Yielding. |
|
|
|
8.3.3 Only End 2 Yielding. |
|
|
|
|
|
8.4 Elastic and Elasto-Plastic Stiffness Equations of Column Element Subjected to Uniaxial Bending. |
|
|
|
8.5 Axial Stiffness of Tapered Column Element. |
|
|
|
|
|
8.5.2 Elasto-Plastic Stiffness. |
|
|
|
8.6 Experiment Verification. |
|
|
|
8.6.1 Experiment Specimen. |
|
|
|
8.6.2 Set-Up and Instrumentation. |
|
|
|
8.6.3 Horizontal Loading Scheme. |
|
|
|
8.6.4 Theoretical Predictions of Experiments. |
|
|
|
8.6.5 Comparison of Analytical and Tested Results. |
|
|
|
Chapter 9 Effects of Joint Panel and Beam–Column Connection. |
|
|
|
9.1 Behaviour of Joint Panel. |
|
|
|
9.1.1 Elastic Stiffness of Joint Panel. |
|
|
|
9.1.2 Elasto-Plastic Stiffness of Joint Panel. |
|
|
|
9.2 Effect of Shear Deformation of Joint Panel on Beam/Column Stiffness. |
|
|
|
9.2.1 Stiffness Equation of Beam Element with Joint Panel. |
|
|
|
9.2.2 Stiffness Equation of Column Element with Joint Panel Subjected to Uniaxial Bending. |
|
|
|
9.2.3 Stiffness Equation of Column Element with Joint Panel Subjected to Biaxial Bending. |
|
|
|
9.3 Behaviour of Beam–Column Connections. |
|
|
|
9.3.1 Moment–Rotation Relationship. |
|
|
|
9.3.2 Hysteretic Behaviour. |
|
|
|
9.4 Effect of Deformation of Beam–Column Connection on Beam Stiffness. |
|
|
|
9.4.1 Stiffness Equation of Beam Element with Beam–Column Connections. |
|
|
|
9.4.2 Stiffness Equation of Beam Element with Connections and Joint Panels. |
|
|
|
|
|
9.5.1 Effect of Joint Panel. |
|
|
|
9.5.2 Effect of Beam–Column Connection. |
|
|
|
Chapter 10 Brace Element and its Elastic and Elasto-Plastic Stiffness Equations. |
|
|
|
10.1 Hysteretic Behaviour of Braces. |
|
|
|
10.2 Theoretical Analysis of Elastic and Elasto-Plastic Stiffnesses of Brace Element. |
|
|
|
10.3 Hysteretic Model of Ordinary Braces. |
|
|
|
10.4 Hysteretic Characteristics and Model of Buckling-Restrained Brace. |
|
|
|
10.5 Stiffness Equation of Brace Element. |
|
|
|
Chapter 11 Shear Beam and its Elastic and Elasto-Plastic Stiffness Equations. |
|
|
|
11.1 Eccentrically Braced Frame and Shear Beam. |
|
|
|
11.1.1 Eccentrically Braced Frame. |
|
|
|
11.1.2 Condition of Shear Beam. |
|
|
|
11.2 Hysteretic Model of Shear Beam. |
|
|
|
11.3 Stiffness Equation of Shear Beam. |
|
|
|
Chapter 12 Elastic Stability Analysis of Planar Steel Frames. |
|
|
|
12.1 General Analytical Method. |
|
|
|
12.2 Effective Length of Prismatic Frame Column. |
|
|
|
12.2.1 Concept of Effective Length. |
|
|
|
12.2.2 Assumption and Analytical Model. |
|
|
|
12.2.3 Formulations of Effective Length. |
|
|
|
12.2.4 Simplified Formula of Effective Length. |
|
|
|
12.2.5 Modification of Effective Length. |
|
|
|
12.2.6 Effect of Shear Deformation on Effective Length of Column. |
|
|
|
|
|
12.3 Effective Length of Tapered Steel Columns. |
|
|
|
12.3.1 Tapered Columns Under Different Boundary Conditions. |
|
|
|
12.3.2 Tapered Column in Steel Portal Frame. |
|
|
|
Chapter 13 Nonlinear Analysis of Planar Steel Frames. |
|
|
|
13.1 General Analysis Method. |
|
|
|
|
|
13.1.2 Criteria for the Limit State of Ultimate Load-Carrying Capacity. |
|
|
|
13.1.3 Analysis Procedure. |
|
|
|
13.1.4 Basic Elements and Unknown Variables. |
|
|
|
13.1.5 Structural Analysis of the First Loading Type. |
|
|
|
13.1.6 Structural Analysis of the Second Loading Type. |
|
|
|
13.1.7 Numerical Examples. |
|
|
|
13.2 Approximate Analysis Considering PD Effect. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13.3 Simplified Analysis Model Considering PD Effect. |
|
|
|
13.3.1 Development of Simplified Model. |
|
|
|
|
|
Chapter 14 Seismic Response Analysis of Planar Steel Frames. |
|
|
|
14.1 General Analysis Method. |
|
|
|
14.1.1 Kinetic Differential Equation. |
|
|
|
14.1.2 Solution of Kinetic Differential Equation. |
|
|
|
14.1.3 Determination of Mass, Stiffness and Damping Matrices. |
|
|
|
14.1.4 Numerical Example. |
|
|
|
|
|
14.2.1 Assumption and Principle of Half-Frame. |
|
|
|
14.2.2 Stiffness Equation of Beam Element in Half-Frame. |
|
|
|
14.2.3 Numerical Examples. |
|
|
|
14.3 Shear-Bending Storey Model. |
|
|
|
14.3.1 Equivalent Stiffness. |
|
|
|
14.3.2 Inter-Storey Shear Yielding Parameters. |
|
|
|
|
|
14.4 Simplified Model for Braced Frame. |
|
|
|
14.4.1 Decomposition and Simplification of Braced Frame. |
|
|
|
14.4.2 Stiffness Matrix of Pure Frame. |
|
|
|
14.4.3 Stiffness Matrix of Pure Bracing System. |
|
|
|
|
|
Chapter 15 Analysis Model for Space Steel Frames. |
|
|
|
|
|
15.1.1 Transformation from Local to Global Coordinates. |
|
|
|
15.1.2 Requirement of Rigid Floor. |
|
|
|
15.1.3 Global Stiffness Equation of Frame and Static Condensation. |
|
|
|
15.2 Planar Substructure Model. |
|
|
|
15.2.1 Stiffness Equation of Planar Substructure in Global Coordinates. |
|
|
|
15.2.2 Global Stiffness Equation of Spatial Frame. |
|
|
|
15.2.3 Numerical Example. |
|
|
|
15.3 Component Mode Synthesis Method. |
|
|
|
15.3.1 Principle of Component Mode Synthesis Method. |
|
|
|
15.3.2 Analysis of Generalized Elements. |
|
|
|
15.3.3 Stiffness Equation of Generalized Structure. |
|
|
|
15.3.4 Structural Analysis Procedure. |
|
|
|
15.3.5 Numerical Example. |
|
|
|
Part Two Advanced Design of Steel Frames. |
|
|
|
Chapter 16 Development of Structural Design Approach. |
|
|
|
16.1 Deterministic Design Approach. |
|
|
|
16.1.1 Allowable Stress Design (ASD) (AISC, 1989). |
|
|
|
16.1.2 Plastic Design (PD) (AISC, 1978). |
|
|
|
16.2 Reliability Design Approach Based on Limit States of Structural Members. |
|
|
|
16.3 Structural System Reliability Design Approach. |
|
|
|
Chapter 17 Structural System Reliability Calculation. |
|
|
|
17.1 Fundamentals of Structural Reliability Theory. |
|
|
|
17.1.1 Performance Requirements of Structures. |
|
|
|
17.1.2 Performance Function of Structures. |
|
|
|
17.1.3 Limit State of Structures. |
|
|
|
17.1.4 Structural Reliability. |
|
|
|
17.1.5 Reliability Index. |
|
|
|
17.2 The First-Order Second-Moment (FOSM) Methods for Structural Reliability Assessment. |
|
|
|
17.2.1 Central Point Method. |
|
|
|
17.2.2 Design Point Method. |
|
|
|
17.3 Effects of Correlation Among Random Variables. |
|
|
|
17.4 Structural System Reliability and Boundary Theory. |
|
|
|
|
|
17.4.2 Upper–Lower Boundary Method. |
|
|
|
17.5 Semi-Analytical Simulation Method for System Reliability. |
|
|
|
17.5.1 General Principle. |
|
|
|
|
|
17.5.3 Exponential Polynomial Method (EPM). |
|
|
|
|
|
17.6.1 A Steel Beam Section. |
|
|
|
17.6.2 A Steel Portal Frame. |
|
|
|
Chapter 18 System Reliability Assessment of Steel Frames. |
|
|
|
18.1 Randomness of Steel Frame Resistance. |
|
|
|
18.2 Randomness of Loads. |
|
|
|
18.3 System Reliability Evaluation of Typical Steel Frames. |
|
|
|
18.3.1 Effect of Correlation Among Random Variables. |
|
|
|
18.3.2 Evaluation of Structural System Reliability Under Vertical Loads. |
|
|
|
18.3.3 Evaluation of Structural System Reliability Under Horizontal and Vertical Loads. |
|
|
|
18.4 Comparison of System Reliability Evaluation. |
|
|
|
Chapter 19 Reliability-Based Advanced Design of Steel Frames. |
|
|
|
19.1 Structural Design Based on System Reliability. |
|
|
|
19.1.1 Target Reliability of Design. |
|
|
|
19.1.2 Load and Load Combination. |
|
|
|
19.1.3 Practical Design Formula. |
|
|
|
19.2 Effect of Correlation on Load and Resistance Factors. |
|
|
|
19.3 Comparison of Different Design Methods. |
|
|
|
19.3.1 For Steel Portal Frames. |
|
|
|
19.3.2 For Multi-Storey Steel Frames. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|