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El. knyga: Advanced Green Materials: Fabrication, Characterization and Applications of Biopolymers and Biocomposites

Edited by (Assistant Professor, Government Postgraduate College Rajouri, India)
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Advanced Green Materials: Fabrication, Characterization and Applications of Biopolymers and Biocomposites looks at their extraction, purification, modification, and processing for various industrial, biomedical, pharmaceutical, and construction applications. The book comprehensively summarizes recent technical research accomplishments in natural materials and discusses various aspects of natural materials from a chemistry/engineering point of view. The book is unique with contributions from experts working on hybrid biopolymers and bio- composites, bioactive and biodegradable materials, bio-inert polymers and composites, natural polymer and composites, and metallic natural materials. The book will be a useful reference for scientists, academicians, research scholars, and biotechnologists.

Advanced biocomposite materials continue to become increasingly popular and important for a broad range of different science and engineering applications. In the race to exploit the unique mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of these materials, researchers must also address new challenges to predict, understand, and manage the potentially adverse effects they could have on the environment and human lives. The book describes recent developments and applications of biopolymers and biocomposites for applications in various industrial fields. Chapters include original research and the latest reviews in similar fields. Biopolymers and biocomposites occupy an exceptional position in the exciting new world of novel biomaterials. Considering their sustainability, non-toxic properties, and their ability to have tailored properties and functions, they should be considered as a smart candidate in the advancement of biomaterials technology.

  • Covers all types of biopolymers and advanced industrial applications, from packaging to biomedical therapeutics
  • Discusses the shift from research to industrial large-scale application of biopolymers and biocomposites
  • Emphasizes new strategic trends, such as bio-based and biodegradable additives for bioplastics, PHAs, new lignin-based biopolymers, and new polymers based on terpenes and biosensor applications
Contributors xiii
Preface xvii
1 Advanced green materials: An overview 1(14)
Annu and Shakeel Ahmed
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Biopolymers as advanced green material
1(9)
1.3 Other entities as advanced green materials
10(1)
1.4 Conclusion
11(1)
References
12(3)
2 Processing of advanced green nanomaterials 15(16)
Preetha Balakrishnan
Sreerag Gopi
2.1 Introduction
15(1)
2.2 Green polymer composites
16(1)
2.3 Thermoplastic starch-based composites
17(1)
2.4 Polylactic acid-based composites
18(1)
2.5 Cellulose-based composites
19(1)
2.6 Plant oil-based composites
19(1)
2.7 Polymer-polymer blend-based composites
20(2)
2.8 Green fillers
22(1)
2.9 Processability and rheology
23(2)
2.10 Processing and processability
25(1)
2.11 Conclusions
26(1)
References
26(5)
3 Characterization of advanced green materials 31(12)
Irfan Hussain Lone
Jeenat Aslam
Arifa Akhter
3.1 Introduction
31(1)
3.2 Characterization techniques
32(8)
3.3 Conclusion
40(1)
References
40(3)
4 Biopolymers, biocomposites, and their types 43(18)
Falah H. Hussein
Yahya F. Al-Khafaji
4.1 Biopolymers: Definition of terms
43(1)
4.2 Classification of biopolymers
43(1)
4.3 Biobased polymer structure classification
44(14)
4.4 Conclusion
58(1)
References
58(3)
5 Fabrication and characterization of cellulose-based green materials 61(14)
Showkat Ali Ganie
Akhar Ali
Tariq Ahmad Mir
Qing Li
5.1 Introduction
61(1)
5.2 Cellulose-based green composite materials
62(3)
5.3 Cellulose-based green nanocomposite
65(2)
5.4 Cellulose-based green composite gels
67(2)
5.5 Cellulose-based green composite films
69(2)
5.6 Conclusions
71(1)
References
71(4)
6 Fabrication and characterization of polylactic acid-based green materials 75(10)
Anilkumar L. Yadav
Pramod M. Gurave
Rahul R. Gadkari
Wazed Ali
6.1 Introduction
75(1)
6.2 PLA-based green composite materials
75(1)
6.3 PLA-based scaffolds for tissue engineering
76(4)
6.4 PLA-based electrospun materials for air filtration
80(2)
6.5 Future perspectives
82(1)
References
82(3)
7 Fabrication and characterization of alginate-based green materials 85(24)
Sajad Ahmad Mir
Amir Gull
Gazalla Akhtar
Sajad Ahmad Rather
Farooq Ahmad Masoodi
Tariq Ahmad Ganaie
Sajad Mohd Wani
7.1 Introduction
85(1)
7.2 Alginate structure and properties
85(1)
7.3 Physical properties of alginate
86(3)
7.4 Applications of alginate in food industry
89(11)
7.5 Conclusion
100(1)
References
101(8)
8 Fabrication and applications of chitosan-based green materials 109(24)
N. Anusha
S. Ignacimuthu
A. Sathiyaseelan
A. Shajahan
8.1 Introduction
109(1)
8.2 Factors influencing chitosan's properties
110(1)
8.3 Modifications of chitosan
111(3)
8.4 Applications
114(11)
8.5 Conclusion
125(1)
References
125(8)
9 Fabrication and characterization of PVA-based green materials 133(46)
Rabinarayan Parhi
9.1 Introduction
133(1)
9.2 Fabrication of PVA-based green materials
134(20)
9.3 Characterization of PVA-based green materials
154(12)
9.4 Conclusions
166(1)
References
166(13)
10 Fabrication and characterization of pectin-based green materials 179(26)
B. Tomadoni
Vera A. Alvarez
10.1 Introduction
179(2)
10.2 Pectin
181(4)
10.3 Pectin-based materials: Synthesis, applications, and characterization
185(11)
10.4 Future trends and challenges
196(1)
Acknowledgments
197(1)
Conflicts of interest
197(1)
References
197(8)
11 Advances in thermoplastic starch-based biopolymers: Fabrication and improvement 205(52)
Maria Teresa Acevedo-Morantes
Nicola's Pineros-Guerrero
Rodrigo Ortega-Toro
11.1 Introduction
205(2)
11.2 Sources of starch extraction
207(5)
11.3 Processing of thermoplastic starch (TPS)
212(4)
11.4 Enhancement of TPS functional properties
216(11)
11.5 Applications of TPS
227(15)
11.6 Conclusions
242(1)
References
243(14)
12 Fabrication and characterization of carrageenan-based green materials 257(22)
Runcy Wilson
Gejo George
P.C. Thomas
Kuruvilla Joseph
12.1 Introduction
257(4)
12.2 Carrageenan-based green composites/materials
261(14)
12.3 Conclusions and future outlook
275(1)
References
276(3)
13 Biopolymers and biocomposites from agricultural waste 279(18)
Sundus Nida
J.A. Moses
C. Anandharamakrishnan
13.1 Introduction
279(1)
13.2 Techniques used for the development of biocomposites
280(2)
13.3 Biopolymers and biocomposites
282(8)
13.4 Conclusion
290(1)
References
290(7)
14 Electrospun nanofibers of biopolymers and biocomposites 297(54)
Muruganandham Hariram
Sivashunmugam Sankaranarayanan
Rajendran Muthuraj
Singaravelu Vivekanandhan
14.1 Introduction
297(4)
14.2 Electrospun nanofibers of biopolymers and their blends
301(20)
14.3 Electrospun nanofibers of biocomposites
321(13)
14.4 Applications
334(3)
14.5 Conclusion
337(1)
Acknowledgments
338(1)
References
338(13)
15 Methods of engineering of biopolymers and biocomposites 351(8)
Serpil Edebali
15.1 Biopolymers
351(1)
15.2 Biocomposites
351(2)
15.3 Methods of engineering
353(3)
15.4 Conclusion
356(1)
References
357(2)
16 Physical and chemical modification of biopolymers and biocomposites 359(20)
Showkat Ali Ganie
Akbar Ali
Tariq Ahmad Mir
Qing Li
16.1 Introduction
359(1)
16.2 Modification of biopolymers
360(9)
16.3 Modification of biocomposites
369(5)
16.4 Conclusions
374(1)
References
375(4)
17 Physical and chemical modification of chitosan-based green materials 379(20)
Akbar Ali
Annu
Shakeel Ahmed
17.1 Introduction
379(1)
17.2 Structure and properties of chitosan
379(1)
17.3 Physical modifications of chitosan and chitosan-based green materials
380(1)
17.4 Chemical modification of chitosan and chitosan-based green materials
381(12)
17.5 Conclusion
393(1)
References
394(5)
18 Fabrication of bioactive biocomposites and their applications 399(12)
Kunal Singha
Pintu Pandit
Vikas Kumar
Subhankar Maity
18.1 Introduction
399(1)
18.2 Hybrid materials
399(3)
18.3 Polymer hybrid nanocomposites with carbon
402(2)
18.4 Mesoporous hybrid materials
404(1)
18.5 Postgrafting methods
405(2)
18.6 Antifouling performance
407(1)
18.7 Photoactive hybrid materials
408(1)
18.8 Conclusions
408(1)
References
408(3)
19 Development and processing of bioinert polymers and composites 411(12)
Kunal Singha
Vikas Kumar
Subhankar Maity
Pintu Pandit
19.1 Introduction
411(1)
19.2 Bioinert composite for permanent functions
412(5)
19.3 Various applications of bioinert reinforced composites
417(1)
19.4 Biodegradable behavior of starch-based bioinert composite blend systems
418(1)
19.5 Melt-based process manufactured bioinert composite systems
418(1)
19.6 Conclusion
419(1)
References
420(3)
20 Advanced applications of green materials in nitrate, phosphate, and fluoride removal 423(38)
Romina P. Oilier
Leonardo A. Cano
Laura M. Sanchez
Vera A. Alvarez
20.1 Introduction
423(1)
20.2 Nitrates, phosphates and fluorides contamination
424(5)
20.3 Green-based adsorbent materials for nitrates, phosphates and fluorides removal
429(17)
20.4 Conclusions and future perspectives
446(1)
Acknowledgments
446(1)
References
447(14)
Index 461
Shakeel Ahmed is an Assistant Professor of Chemistry in the Higher Education Department, for the Government of Jammu and Kashmir, in India. He is also an Assistant Professor in the Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, at the Government Postgraduate College Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India. He obtained his masters and doctoral degrees in chemistry from Jamia Millia Islamia, a central university, situated in New Delhi, India. He gained his post-doctoral experience in biocomposite materials from the Indian Institute of Technology. He has published several research papers in the field of green nanomaterials and biopolymers for various applications including biomedical, packaging, and water treatment.
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