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El. knyga: Advanced Introduction to Environmental Compliance and Enforcement

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This Advanced Introduction provides a clear and accessible guide to the essential elements of environmental compliance and enforcement programs. It examines compliance programs designed to assist regulated entities in meeting their obligations, as well as enforcement tools designed to address non-compliance - such as administrative, civil judicial, and criminal enforcement. Offering an insightful overview of this important area, Lee Paddock highlights recent developments that are changing the way compliance and enforcement work is practiced.





Key features include:









a review of how the role of criminal enforcement has evolved discussion of traditional compliance monitoring and the role of citizen science examination of the increasing importance of private environmental governance, and the role that government agencies can play in supporting these practices exploration of the need to consider next generation and smart regulation strategies.





This concise and nuanced book will be a key resource for students and scholars of environmental law and politics, criminal law and justice and international policy, as well as environmental enforcement professionals worldwide.

Recenzijos

Advanced Introduction to Environmental Compliance and Enforcement provides both accessible and comprehensive coverage of modern environmental compliance and enforcement issues. Paddock skilfully weaves together foundational and advanced insights to make an important contribution to our understandings of many novel compliance and enforcement challenges, including program design, optimising mixes of tools and parties, citizen science and monitoring, and private governance. This book will be of great interest to governments, policy makers, students and academics. -- Cameron Holley, University of New South Wales, Australia As the former Chief of Environmental Enforcement, Environment and Natural Resources Division (ENRD), US Department of Justice, I have had the occasion to review a number of books about environmental compliance and enforcement. This book by Lee Paddock is the best, and reflects his considerable knowledge born of years of experience as a State Assistant Attorney General, and as a Professor and Dean at two leading law schools. His book covers all the basics, but adds new developments including citizen science and monitoring, private governance, and both civil and criminal enforcement. -- John C. Cruden, former Assistant Attorney General, ENRD Lee Paddock's Advanced Introduction accomplishes a major feat: it brings together the full range of constantly evolving environmental enforcement challenges into a set of clear explanations and feasible recommendations. Its well-organized chapters untangle enforcements overlapping dimensions, from inspection and judicial procedures to private management and international supply lines, and examines each in a systematic, informed, and applicable way. This book is an essential foundation for anyone studying environmental law and an invaluable reference for anyone working in the field. -- Mark Ungar, Graduate Center, CUNY, US Paddocks comprehensive overview uses examples from around the world to illustrate environmental compliance and enforcement challenges and opportunities. The book blends theory and practice in discussing foundational matters such as enforcement strategies, tools, and mechanisms. It also explores innovations in citizen enforcement, the relationship between enforcement and environmental justice, and the role of private environmental governance. This book will be an essential resource for anyone interested in environmental enforcement, from the uninitiated to the most experienced practitioners, policymakers, and academics. -- Robert Glicksman, George Washington University Law School, US

Preface ix
Acknowledgements xii
List of abbreviations
xiv
PART 1 Introduction and Design Elements
1 Introduction to the Advanced Introduction to Environmental Compliance and Enforcement
2(4)
2 Compliance and Enforcement Design Elements
6(13)
2.1 Clarity
6(3)
2.2 Achievability
9(1)
2.3 Verifiability
10(3)
2.4 A Mix of Rewards and Sanctions
13(2)
2.5 Legitimacy
15(1)
2.6 Interrelatedness of the Five Components of Effective Regulation
16(3)
PART 2 Compliance and Enforcement Theories and Strategies
3 Compliance and Enforcement Theories
19(4)
4 Compliance and Enforcement Strategies
23(26)
4.1 Advice and Persuasion
24(1)
4.2 Rules and Deterrence
25(2)
4.3 Responsive Regulation
27(2)
4.4 Smart Regulation
29(2)
4.5 Risk-based Regulation
31(1)
4.6 Enforcement in Context
32(1)
4.7 Inspection and Targeting
33(3)
4.8 Escalation
36(1)
4.9 Conclusion
37(1)
4.10 Overview of Enforcement Theories and Strategies
38(1)
4.11 Next Generation Environmental Enforcement
39(3)
4.12 Environmental Justice
42(7)
PART 3 Inspections and Monitoring
5 Inspections
49(6)
5.1 Access to Property
49(2)
5.2 Third-party Inspections
51(4)
6 Monitoring
55(19)
6.1 Traditional Compliance Monitoring
55(7)
6.2 Citizen Monitoring
62(12)
PART 4 Compliance Assistance and Administrative Enforcement
7 Compliance
74(10)
7.1 Compliance Assistance
74(4)
7.2 Technical Assistance
78(1)
7.3 Environmental Auditing
79(5)
8 Administrative Enforcement
84(16)
8.1 Administrative Enforcement
86(1)
8.2 Field Citations
86(3)
8.3 Administrative Orders
89(1)
8.4 Administrative Penalty Orders
90(10)
PART 5 Civil Judicial and Criminal Enforcement
9 Civil Judicial Enforcement
100(11)
9.1 Government-initiated Judicial Enforcement
100(3)
9.2 Citizen Suits
103(1)
9.3 Federal Citizen Suits in the United States
103(2)
9.4 Citizen Suits in Australia
105(1)
9.5 "Environmental Rights" Acts
106(2)
9.6 Action of Tutela
108(1)
9.7 The Writ of Amparo
109(1)
9.8 Public Prosecutors
110(1)
10 Criminal Enforcement
111(15)
10.1 Introduction
111(2)
10.2 Environmental Crime in the United States
113(2)
10.3 Corporate Environmental Crime
115(2)
10.4 Responsible Corporate Officer
117(4)
10.5 Mens Rea
121(3)
10.6 Environmental Crimes in Australia
124(2)
PART 6 Sanctions
11 Civil Penalty Policies
126(9)
11.1 Penalty Policies
126(3)
11.2 Supplemental Environmental Projects
129(3)
11.3 Settlements
132(3)
12 Criminal Sanctions
135(8)
12.1 Organizational Sentencing in the US
135(3)
12.2 Sentencing of Individuals
138(1)
12.3 Criminal Sentencing Outside of the US
139(1)
12.4 Debarment
140(3)
PART 7 Private Environmental Governance and Enforcement
13 Private Environmental Governance
143(22)
13.1 Introduction
143(1)
13.2 Background
144(2)
13.3 Motivations for Private Environmental Governance
146(2)
13.4 Developments in Green Supply Chain Management
148(2)
13.5 Reliance on Third-party Certification
150(2)
13.6 Trade Association Codes and Standards
152(2)
13.7 Contracting with Supply Chain Participants
154(3)
13.8 Deep Supply Chain Engagement
157(1)
13.9 Compliance and Enforcement Approaches
158(2)
13.10 The Role of Compliance and Enforcement Program in Supporting GSCM
160(5)
References 165(16)
Index 181
Lee Paddock, Distinguished Professorial Lecturer in Environmental Law, The George Washington University Law School and Managing Director, International Network for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement, Environmental Law Institute, US
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