Contributors |
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ix | |
Preface |
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xi | |
About the Editors |
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xiii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xv | |
In Memoriam Dr. Daniel Strickman |
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xvii | |
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1 Arthropod repellents in public health |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Role of arthropod repellents |
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2 | (1) |
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1.3 Brief history of arthropod repellents |
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3 | (1) |
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1.4 Types of arthropod repellents |
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4 | (2) |
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1.5 Personal protection from vector-borne diseases |
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6 | (3) |
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1.6 Assessment of arthropod repellents |
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9 | (4) |
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13 | (6) |
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References and further readings |
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13 | (6) |
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2 Novel pyrethroid derivatives as effective mosquito repellents and repellent synergists |
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Shiyao Jiangi Edmund Norris |
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19 | (1) |
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2.2 Spatial repellency assay and post-assay behavioral test |
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20 | (1) |
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2.3 Pyrethroid fragment screening for vapor phase repellency |
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21 | (1) |
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2.4 Repellency, synergism, and cross-resistance to pyrethroid acids |
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21 | (3) |
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2.5 Repellency and synergism of transfluthrin acid with experimental anthranilates and pyrazine repellents |
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24 | (2) |
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2.6 Repellency and synergism of α-terpinyl isovalerate ester and related compounds |
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26 | (2) |
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2.7 Screening for effects on the central nervous system |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (4) |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (3) |
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3 Biorational compounds as effective arthropod repellents against mosquitoes and ticks |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (2) |
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36 | (6) |
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42 | (4) |
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46 | (3) |
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47 | (2) |
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4 Evaluating techniques and efficacy of arthropod repellents against ticks |
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49 | (1) |
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4.2 A brief history of arthropod repellents used for prevention of tick bites and the transmission of tick-borne diseases |
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50 | (1) |
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4.3 Evaluations of repellency |
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51 | (1) |
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4.4 Evaluation methods for spatial arthropod repellents |
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52 | (6) |
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4.5 Evaluation methods for topical arthropod repellents |
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58 | (6) |
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4.6 Challenges and recommendations |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (4) |
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65 | (4) |
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5 Evaluation and application of repellent-treated uniform/clothing and textiles against vector mosquitoes |
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5.1 Introduction: The need for personal protection and arthropod-repellent treated clothing |
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69 | (1) |
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5.2 Laboratory methods for evaluation of arthropod repellent treated US military uniforms |
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70 | (15) |
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5.3 Results of efficacy studies with US military uniform fabrics |
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85 | (6) |
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5.4 Laboratory methods for evaluation of arthropod repellent treated civilian clothing |
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91 | (2) |
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93 | (2) |
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94 | (1) |
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6 Repelling mosquitoes with electric fields |
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95 | (2) |
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6.2 Challenges in mosquito control |
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97 | (1) |
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6.3 Assessing the repellency of electric fields in the laboratory |
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98 | (6) |
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6.4 Practical application of electric fields: an approach |
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104 | (3) |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (4) |
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110 | (1) |
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110 | (3) |
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7 Multimodal mechanisms of repellency in arthropods |
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7.1 Toward a more targeted approach |
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113 | (1) |
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7.2 The sensory basis for host detection and discrimination |
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114 | (2) |
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7.3 Proposed mechanisms of olfactory repellency |
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116 | (8) |
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7.4 Acidic volatiles and CO2 detection pathway modulation |
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124 | (1) |
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7.5 Toward the next generation of targeted arthropod repellents |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (6) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (5) |
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8 Finding a repellent against ticks: neurophysiological and behavioral approaches |
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131 | (1) |
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8.2 How arthropod repellents work? |
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132 | (1) |
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8.3 Chemosensation in ticks |
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132 | (2) |
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8.4 Electrophysiological analyses for repellent discovery in ticks |
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134 | (1) |
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8.5 Behavioral analyses for repellent discovery in ticks |
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134 | (2) |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (4) |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (4) |
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9 Arthropod repellents and chemosensory reception |
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9.1 Arthropod repellents act through chemoreceptor pathways |
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141 | (1) |
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9.2 Chemoreceptor anatomy |
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141 | (2) |
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9.3 Chemosensory receptors |
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143 | (3) |
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9.4 Hydrophobic ligand transport proteins |
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146 | (6) |
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9.5 High throughput screening methods for repellent discovery |
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152 | (2) |
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154 | (9) |
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154 | (9) |
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10 Semifield system and experimental huts bioassays for the evaluation of spatial (and topical) repellents for indoor and outdoor use |
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163 | (2) |
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10.2 Semifield system and experimental hut for evaluating repellents |
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165 | (4) |
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10.3 Considerations for conducting semifield system and experimental huts experiments |
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169 | (10) |
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179 | (1) |
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10.5 Primary outcomes measured in the semifield system/experimental huts and computations |
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180 | (4) |
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10.6 Use of semifield system and experimental hut data for mathematical models |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (8) |
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185 | (8) |
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11 Semi-field evaluation of arthropod repellents: emphasis on spatial repellents |
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193 | (8) |
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11.2 Testing guidelines for spatial arthropod repellents |
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201 | (2) |
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11.3 Semi-field environment defined |
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203 | (18) |
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11.4 Gainesville, Florida, USDA Center for Medical and Veterinary Entomology |
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221 | (8) |
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229 | (8) |
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References and further readings |
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229 | (8) |
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12 Human subject studies of arthropodrepellent efficacy, at the interface of science, ethics, and regulatory oversight |
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237 | (2) |
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12.2 Repellent testing in the context of pesticide regulation |
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239 | (3) |
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12.3 Human subjects versus surrogates for efficacy testing in wild mosquito populations |
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242 | (1) |
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12.4 Reducing reliance on human subject efficacy testing |
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243 | (2) |
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12.5 Regulation, ethics, and efficacy study design---historical overview and current conditions |
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245 | (1) |
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12.6 Risks vs benefits: study oversight and informed consent |
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245 | (5) |
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250 | (9) |
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251 | (3) |
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254 | (1) |
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References and further readings |
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255 | (4) |
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13 Arthropod repellent research in Northwest Florida, United States |
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259 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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13.3 Topical arthropod repellent bioassays |
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260 | (2) |
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13.4 Spatial arthropod repellent bioassays |
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262 | (2) |
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13.5 Promising arthropod repellents |
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264 | (1) |
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264 | (3) |
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265 | (2) |
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14 Current status of spatial repellents in the global vector control community |
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14.1 The public health problem |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (2) |
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14.3 The spatial repellent product class |
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270 | (4) |
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14.4 Status in closing the knowledge gap |
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274 | (1) |
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275 | (5) |
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275 | (5) |
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15 Repellent semiochemical solutions to mitigate the impacts of global climate change on arthropod pests |
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280 | (2) |
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15.2 Coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) |
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282 | (9) |
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15.3 Derulroctonus bark beetles: mountain pine beetle, southern pine beetle, douglas-fir beetle, and spruce beetle |
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291 | (10) |
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15.4 Ambrosia beetles: Redbay ambrosia beetle, black stem borer, and polyphagous shot hole borer |
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301 | (9) |
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310 | (13) |
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311 | (12) |
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16 The role of arthropod repellents in the control of vector-borne diseases |
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323 | (1) |
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16.2 N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide |
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324 | (1) |
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325 | (1) |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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327 | (1) |
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16.8 Cost, formulation, and user acceptability |
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327 | (1) |
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16.9 Spatial arthropod repellents |
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328 | (1) |
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16.10 The use of arthropod repellents against vectors and vectordxvrne diseases |
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329 | (2) |
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331 | (6) |
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References and further readings |
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331 | (6) |
Index |
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337 | |