|
Part One Introduction to Integrated Marketing Communications |
|
|
|
1 An Introduction To Integrated Marketing Communications |
|
|
3 | (38) |
|
The Growth of Advertising and Promotion |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
Integrated Marketing Communications |
|
|
8 | (8) |
|
|
8 | (2) |
|
A Contemporary Perspective of IMC |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
Reasons for the Growing Importance of IMC |
|
|
11 | (2) |
|
The Role of IMC in Branding |
|
|
13 | (3) |
|
The Promotional Mix: The Tools for IMC |
|
|
16 | (11) |
|
|
17 | (4) |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
Digital/Internet Marketing |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
|
23 | (2) |
|
Publicity/Public Relations |
|
|
25 | (2) |
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
IMC Involves Audience Contacts |
|
|
27 | (2) |
|
|
29 | (7) |
|
Review of the Marketing Plan |
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
Promotional Program Situation Analysis |
|
|
30 | (5) |
|
Analysis of the Communication Process |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
Developing the Integrated Marketing Communications Program |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
Monitoring, Evaluation, and Control |
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
Perspective and Organization of this Text |
|
|
36 | (5) |
|
2 The Role Of IMC In The Marketing Process |
|
|
41 | (26) |
|
Marketing Strategy and Analysis |
|
|
43 | (3) |
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
|
44 | (2) |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
The Target Marketing Process |
|
|
46 | (10) |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
|
47 | (6) |
|
Selecting a Target Market |
|
|
53 | (2) |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
Developing a Positioning Strategy |
|
|
56 | (4) |
|
Developing the Marketing Planning Program |
|
|
60 | (3) |
|
|
60 | (1) |
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
Distribution Channel Decisions |
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
Developing Promotional Strategies: Push or Pull? |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
The Role of Advertising and Promotion |
|
|
63 | (4) |
|
Part Two Integrated Marketing Communications Program Situation Analysis |
|
|
|
3 Organizing For Advertising And Promotion: The Role Of Ad Agencies And Other Marketing Communication Organizations |
|
|
67 | (42) |
|
Participants in the Integrated Marketing Communications Process: An Overview |
|
|
69 | (1) |
|
Organizing for Advertising and Promotion in the Firm: The Client's Role |
|
|
70 | (9) |
|
|
71 | (2) |
|
|
73 | (2) |
|
|
75 | (4) |
|
|
79 | (9) |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
|
82 | (4) |
|
Other Types of Agencies and Services |
|
|
86 | (2) |
|
|
88 | (4) |
|
|
88 | (1) |
|
Fee, Cost, and Incentive-Based Systems |
|
|
89 | (2) |
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
The Future of Agency Compensation |
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
|
92 | (7) |
|
Gaining and Losing Clients |
|
|
94 | (5) |
|
|
99 | (3) |
|
Direct-Marketing Agencies |
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
|
100 | (1) |
|
|
100 | (1) |
|
Digital/Interactive Agencies |
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
Integrated Marketing Communications Services |
|
|
102 | (7) |
|
Pros and Cons of Integrated Services |
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
Responsibility for IMC: Agency versus Client |
|
|
104 | (5) |
|
4 Perspectives On Consumer Behavior |
|
|
109 | (32) |
|
An Overview of Consumer Behavior |
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
The Consumer Decision-Making Process |
|
|
111 | (16) |
|
|
111 | (2) |
|
Examining Consumer Motivations |
|
|
113 | (4) |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
|
117 | (2) |
|
|
119 | (3) |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
Integration Processes and Decision Rules |
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
Variations in Consumer Decision Making |
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
The Consumer Learning Process |
|
|
127 | (4) |
|
Behavioral Learning Theory |
|
|
127 | (4) |
|
Cognitive Learning Theory |
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
Environmental Influences on Consumer Behavior |
|
|
131 | (5) |
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
|
132 | (2) |
|
|
134 | (1) |
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
Alternative Approaches to Consumer Behavior |
|
|
136 | (5) |
|
|
137 | (1) |
|
|
137 | (4) |
|
Part Three Analyzing the Communication Process |
|
|
|
5 The Communication Process |
|
|
141 | (40) |
|
The Nature of Communication |
|
|
143 | (2) |
|
A Basic Model of Communication |
|
|
145 | (11) |
|
|
145 | (2) |
|
|
147 | (1) |
|
|
147 | (6) |
|
|
153 | (2) |
|
|
155 | (1) |
|
|
156 | (1) |
|
|
156 | (2) |
|
Identifying the Target Audience |
|
|
157 | (1) |
|
|
158 | (10) |
|
Traditional Response Hierarchy Models |
|
|
158 | (4) |
|
Alternative Response Hierarchies |
|
|
162 | (3) |
|
Implications of the Alternative Response Models |
|
|
165 | (1) |
|
The Social Consumer Decision Journey |
|
|
166 | (2) |
|
Cognitive Processing of Communications |
|
|
168 | (7) |
|
The Cognitive Response Approach |
|
|
169 | (3) |
|
The Elaboration Likelihood Model |
|
|
172 | (3) |
|
Summarizing the Response Process and the Effects of Advertising |
|
|
175 | (6) |
|
6 Source, Message, And Channel Factors |
|
|
181 | (38) |
|
Promotional Planning through the Persuasion Matrix |
|
|
182 | (2) |
|
|
184 | (13) |
|
|
185 | (4) |
|
|
189 | (8) |
|
Choosing a Celebrity Endorser |
|
|
197 | (3) |
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
|
200 | (11) |
|
|
200 | (4) |
|
|
204 | (7) |
|
|
211 | (8) |
|
Personal versus Nonpersonal Channels |
|
|
211 | (2) |
|
Effects of Alternative Mass Media |
|
|
213 | (1) |
|
Effects of Context and Environment |
|
|
214 | (1) |
|
|
215 | (4) |
|
Part Four Objectives and Budgeting for Integrated Marketing Communications Programs |
|
|
|
7 Establishing Objectives And Budgeting For The Promotional Program |
|
|
219 | (44) |
|
|
221 | (2) |
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
Planning and Decision Making |
|
|
222 | (1) |
|
Measurement and Evaluation of Results |
|
|
222 | (1) |
|
Determining Integrated Marketing Communications Objectives |
|
|
223 | (1) |
|
Marketing versus Communications Objectives |
|
|
223 | (1) |
|
Sales versus Communications Objectives |
|
|
224 | (6) |
|
Sales-Oriented Objectives |
|
|
224 | (3) |
|
Communications Objectives |
|
|
227 | (3) |
|
DAGMAR: An Approach to Setting Objectives |
|
|
230 | (2) |
|
Characteristics of Objectives |
|
|
230 | (1) |
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
Problems in Setting Objectives |
|
|
232 | (3) |
|
Improving Promotional Planners' Use of Objectives |
|
|
233 | (1) |
|
Setting Objectives for the IMC Program |
|
|
233 | (2) |
|
Establishing and Allocating the Promotional Budget |
|
|
235 | (28) |
|
|
236 | (7) |
|
|
243 | (12) |
|
|
255 | (8) |
|
Part Five Developing the Integrated Marketing Communications Program |
|
|
|
8 Creative Strategy: Planning And Development |
|
|
263 | (36) |
|
The Importance of Creativity in Advertising |
|
|
265 | (3) |
|
|
268 | (3) |
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
Different Perspectives on Advertising Creativity |
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
Determinants of Creativity |
|
|
269 | (2) |
|
Planning Creative Strategy |
|
|
271 | (5) |
|
|
271 | (1) |
|
|
271 | (3) |
|
The Perpetual Debate: Creative versus Hard-Sell Advertising |
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
|
274 | (2) |
|
|
276 | (6) |
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
Inputs to the Creative Process: Preparation, Incubation, Illumination |
|
|
277 | (4) |
|
Inputs to the Creative Process: Verification, Revision |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
Creative Strategy Development |
|
|
282 | (17) |
|
|
282 | (2) |
|
|
284 | (4) |
|
The Search for the Major Selling Idea |
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
Developing the Major Selling Idea |
|
|
289 | (5) |
|
Contemporary Approaches to the Big Idea |
|
|
294 | (5) |
|
9 Creative Strategy: Implementation And Evaluation |
|
|
299 | (38) |
|
Appeals and Execution Styles |
|
|
301 | (19) |
|
|
301 | (8) |
|
|
309 | (11) |
|
|
320 | (9) |
|
Creative Tactics for Print Advertising |
|
|
320 | (3) |
|
Creative Tactics for Television |
|
|
323 | (6) |
|
Client Evaluation and Approval of Creative Work |
|
|
329 | (8) |
|
Guidelines for Evaluating Creative Output |
|
|
332 | (5) |
|
10 Media Planning And Strategy |
|
|
337 | (36) |
|
An Overview of Media Planning |
|
|
338 | (5) |
|
Some Basic Terms and Concepts |
|
|
339 | (2) |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
Problems in Media Planning |
|
|
341 | (2) |
|
Developing the Media Plan |
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
Market Analysis and Target Market Identification |
|
|
344 | (7) |
|
To Whom Will We Advertise? |
|
|
344 | (3) |
|
What Internal and External Factors Are Operating? |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
|
347 | (4) |
|
Establishing Media Objectives |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
Developing and Implementing Media Strategies |
|
|
352 | (14) |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
|
352 | (2) |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
|
355 | (7) |
|
Creative Aspects and Mood |
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
|
363 | (3) |
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
|
366 | (7) |
|
Appendix A ASICS America Summary Flowchart |
|
|
370 | (3) |
|
11 Evaluation Of Media: Television And Radio |
|
|
373 | (42) |
|
|
375 | (8) |
|
|
375 | (3) |
|
Limitations of Television |
|
|
378 | (5) |
|
|
383 | (19) |
|
|
383 | (6) |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
Selecting Time Periods and Programs |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
391 | (5) |
|
Measuring the TV Audience |
|
|
396 | (6) |
|
|
402 | (13) |
|
|
402 | (4) |
|
|
406 | (2) |
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
|
409 | (6) |
|
12 Evaluation Of Media: Magazines And Newspapers |
|
|
415 | (38) |
|
The Role of Magazines and Newspapers |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
|
417 | (19) |
|
Classifications of Magazines |
|
|
418 | (3) |
|
|
421 | (7) |
|
Disadvantages of Magazines |
|
|
428 | (2) |
|
Magazine Circulation and Readership |
|
|
430 | (2) |
|
Audience Information and Research for Magazines |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
Purchasing Magazine Advertising Space |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
|
434 | (2) |
|
|
436 | (17) |
|
|
436 | (3) |
|
Types of Newspaper Advertising |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
|
440 | (2) |
|
Limitations of Newspapers |
|
|
442 | (2) |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
Purchasing Newspaper Space |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
The Future for Newspapers |
|
|
447 | (2) |
|
Online Delivery and Multiple Platforms |
|
|
449 | (4) |
|
|
453 | (26) |
|
The Scope of the Support Media Industry |
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
Traditional Support Media |
|
|
455 | (9) |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
Alternative Out-of-Home Media |
|
|
457 | (2) |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
Miscellaneous Outdoor Media |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
|
460 | (3) |
|
Measurement in Out-of-Home Media |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
Promotional Products Marketing |
|
|
464 | (3) |
|
Advantages and Disadvantages of Promotional Products Marketing |
|
|
464 | (2) |
|
Measurement in Promotional Products Marketing |
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
Other Traditional Support Media |
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
Advertising in Movie Theaters |
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
Nontraditional Support Media |
|
|
468 | (11) |
|
|
468 | (5) |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
Miscellaneous Other Media |
|
|
474 | (5) |
|
|
479 | (18) |
|
|
480 | (11) |
|
Defining Direct Marketing |
|
|
480 | (2) |
|
The Growth of Direct Marketing |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
The Role of Direct Marketing in the IMC Program |
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
Direct-Marketing Objectives |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
Direct-Marketing Strategies and Media |
|
|
485 | (6) |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Direct Marketing |
|
|
492 | (5) |
|
Advantages and Disadvantages of Direct Marketing |
|
|
492 | (5) |
|
15 The Internet: Digital And Social Media |
|
|
497 | (30) |
|
The Growth of the Internet |
|
|
499 | (3) |
|
Why the Rapid Adoption of the Internet? |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
|
499 | (2) |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
The Internet and Integrated Marketing Communications |
|
|
502 | (18) |
|
Advertising on the Internet---Web 1.0 |
|
|
502 | (4) |
|
IMC Using Social and Other Media---Web. 2.0 |
|
|
506 | (12) |
|
Sales Promotion on the Internet |
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
Personal Selling on the Internet |
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
Public Relations on the Internet |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
Direct Marketing on the Internet |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
|
520 | (3) |
|
Audience Measures and Measures of Effectiveness |
|
|
520 | (3) |
|
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Internet, Digital and Social Media |
|
|
523 | (4) |
|
|
527 | (50) |
|
The Scope and Role of Sales Promotion |
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
The Growth of Sales Promotion |
|
|
530 | (8) |
|
Reasons for the Increase in Sales Promotion |
|
|
531 | (5) |
|
Concerns about the Increased Role of Sales Promotion |
|
|
536 | (1) |
|
Consumer Franchise-Building versus Nonfranchise-Building Promotions |
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
Consumer-Oriented Sales Promotion |
|
|
538 | (3) |
|
Objectives of Consumer-Oriented Sales Promotion |
|
|
539 | (2) |
|
Consumer-Oriented Sales Promotion Techniques |
|
|
541 | (22) |
|
|
541 | (4) |
|
|
545 | (6) |
|
|
551 | (3) |
|
|
554 | (2) |
|
|
556 | (2) |
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
Summary of Consumer-Oriented Promotions and Marketer Objectives |
|
|
562 | (1) |
|
Trade-Oriented Sales Promotion |
|
|
563 | (7) |
|
Objectives of Trade-Oriented Sales Promotion |
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
Types of Trade-Oriented Promotions |
|
|
564 | (6) |
|
Coordinating Sales Promotion with Advertising and Other IMC Tools |
|
|
570 | (2) |
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
Coordination of Ad and Promotion Themes |
|
|
571 | (1) |
|
|
571 | (1) |
|
|
572 | (5) |
|
17 Public Relations, Publicity, And Corporate Advertising |
|
|
577 | (30) |
|
|
579 | (4) |
|
The Traditional Definition of PR |
|
|
579 | (1) |
|
|
579 | (1) |
|
Integrating PR into the Promotional Mix |
|
|
580 | (1) |
|
Marketing Public Relations Functions |
|
|
580 | (3) |
|
The Process of Public Relations |
|
|
583 | (7) |
|
Determining and Evaluating Public Attitudes |
|
|
583 | (1) |
|
|
583 | (1) |
|
Developing and Executing the PR Program |
|
|
584 | (4) |
|
Advantages and Disadvantages of PR |
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
Measuring the Effectiveness of PR |
|
|
589 | (1) |
|
|
590 | (4) |
|
|
592 | (1) |
|
The Control and Dissemination of Publicity |
|
|
592 | (1) |
|
Advantages and Disadvantages of Publicity |
|
|
593 | (1) |
|
Measuring the Effectiveness of Publicity |
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
|
594 | (13) |
|
Objectives of Corporate Advertising |
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
Types of Corporate Advertising |
|
|
595 | (6) |
|
Advantages and Disadvantages of Corporate Advertising |
|
|
601 | (3) |
|
Measuring the Effectiveness of Corporate Advertising |
|
|
604 | (3) |
|
Part Six Monitoring, Evaluation, and Control |
|
|
|
18 Measuring The Effectiveness Of The Promotional Program |
|
|
607 | (36) |
|
Arguments for and Against Measuring Effectiveness |
|
|
608 | (5) |
|
Reasons to Measure Effectiveness |
|
|
609 | (1) |
|
Reasons Not to Measure Effectiveness |
|
|
609 | (4) |
|
Conducting Research to Measure Advertising Effectiveness |
|
|
613 | (4) |
|
|
613 | (1) |
|
|
614 | (2) |
|
|
616 | (1) |
|
|
616 | (1) |
|
|
617 | (17) |
|
Concept Generation and Testing |
|
|
617 | (1) |
|
Rough Art, Copy, and Commercial Testing |
|
|
618 | (2) |
|
Pretesting of Finished Ads |
|
|
620 | (6) |
|
|
626 | (8) |
|
Establishing a Program for Measuring Advertising Effects |
|
|
634 | (2) |
|
Problems with Current Research Methods |
|
|
634 | (1) |
|
Essentials of Effective Testing |
|
|
635 | (1) |
|
Measuring the Effectiveness of Other Program Elements |
|
|
636 | (7) |
|
Measuring the Effectiveness of Sales Promotions |
|
|
636 | (1) |
|
Measuring the Effectiveness of Nontraditional Media |
|
|
637 | (1) |
|
Measuring the Effectiveness of Sponsorships |
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
Measuring the Effectiveness of Other IMC Program Elements |
|
|
639 | (4) |
|
Part Seven Special Tonics and Perspectives |
|
|
|
19 International Advertising And Promotion |
|
|
643 | (42) |
|
The Importance of International Markets |
|
|
645 | (2) |
|
The Role of International Advertising and Promotion |
|
|
647 | (1) |
|
The International Environment |
|
|
648 | (10) |
|
|
649 | (1) |
|
The Demographic Environment |
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
|
651 | (4) |
|
The Political/Legal Environment |
|
|
655 | (3) |
|
Global versus Localized Advertising |
|
|
658 | (7) |
|
Advantages of Global Marketing and Advertising |
|
|
659 | (1) |
|
Problems with Global Advertising |
|
|
660 | (1) |
|
When Is Globalization Appropriate? |
|
|
661 | (3) |
|
Global Products, Local Messages |
|
|
664 | (1) |
|
Decision Areas in International Advertising |
|
|
665 | (10) |
|
Organizing for International Advertising |
|
|
665 | (2) |
|
|
667 | (3) |
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
|
671 | (4) |
|
The Roles of Other Promotional-Mix Elements in International Marketing |
|
|
675 | (10) |
|
|
675 | (2) |
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
|
678 | (7) |
|
20 Regulation Of Advertising And Promotion |
|
|
685 | (48) |
|
|
688 | (12) |
|
Self-Regulation by Advertisers and Agencies |
|
|
688 | (1) |
|
Self-Regulation by Trade Associations |
|
|
688 | (2) |
|
Self-Regulation by Businesses |
|
|
690 | (2) |
|
The Advertising Self-Regulatory Council and the NAD/NARB |
|
|
692 | (4) |
|
|
696 | (3) |
|
Appraising Self-Regulation |
|
|
699 | (1) |
|
Federal Regulation of Advertising |
|
|
700 | (21) |
|
Advertising and the First Amendment |
|
|
700 | (1) |
|
Background on Federal Regulation of Advertising |
|
|
701 | (1) |
|
The Federal Trade Commission |
|
|
701 | (1) |
|
The Concept of Unfairness |
|
|
702 | (1) |
|
|
703 | (5) |
|
The Ftc's Handling of Deceptive Advertising Cases |
|
|
708 | (3) |
|
Developments in Federal Regulation by the FTC |
|
|
711 | (1) |
|
Additional Federal Regulatory Agencies |
|
|
712 | (7) |
|
|
719 | (2) |
|
|
721 | (1) |
|
Regulation of Other Promotional Areas |
|
|
722 | (11) |
|
|
722 | (5) |
|
Marketing on the Internet |
|
|
727 | (6) |
|
21 Evaluating The Social, Ethical, And Economic Aspects Of Advertising And Promotion |
|
|
733 | (34) |
|
Advertising and Promotion Ethics |
|
|
735 | (2) |
|
Social and Ethical Criticisms of Advertising |
|
|
737 | (21) |
|
Advertising as Untruthful or Deceptive |
|
|
737 | (1) |
|
Advertising as Offensive or in Bad Taste |
|
|
738 | (4) |
|
|
742 | (6) |
|
Social and Cultural Consequences |
|
|
748 | (9) |
|
Summarizing Social Effects |
|
|
757 | (1) |
|
Economic Effects of Advertising |
|
|
758 | (9) |
|
Effects on Consumer Choice |
|
|
759 | (1) |
|
|
759 | (1) |
|
Effects on Product Costs and Prices |
|
|
760 | (1) |
|
Summarizing Economic Effects |
|
|
761 | (6) |
|
22 Personal Selling (Online) |
|
|
Glossary of Advertising and Promotion Terms |
|
767 | (13) |
Endnotes |
|
780 | (31) |
Credits and Acknowledgments |
|
811 | (3) |
Name and Company Index |
|
814 | (13) |
Subject Index |
|
827 | |