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El. knyga: African Basins

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Brings together in one volume concise reviews of African sedimentary basins from different sources, and includes detailed accounts of several basins which have never been described in depth before, such as the onshore Owambo, Iullemmeden, and Sudanese rift basins, and the offshore basins of southern Africa. Thirteen chapters are arranged in three parts covering North Africa, Central Africa, and Southern Africa, extensively illustrated with b&w charts, drawings, maps, cross-sections, stratigraphic sections, and seismic lines. Some of these are foldout illustrations. For academic geologists researching the geology of Africa, and for industrial geologists seeking natural resources within African sedimentary rocks. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.

Following on from the first 2 books in the series, Sedimentary Basins of the World, which covered Chinese Sedimentary Basins (Volume 1) and South Pacific Sedimentary Basins (Volume 2), comes Volume 3, on African Basins.

Africa covers a larger land area than the USA, Europe, India and the ASEAN nations put together. It is rich in natural resources, including oil, gas, coal and nearly every metalliferous mineral. Yet Africa is still one of the least explored continents.

This book brings together in one volume, concise reviews of basins previously documented in a vast array of diffuse literature. It also contains some of the first detailed accounts of several basins which have never before been described in such depth. These include the onshore Owambo, Iullemmeden, and Sudanese rift basins, and the offshore basins of southern Africa.

The contributions are by authors, and teams of authors, with great knowledge and experience of the basins that they describe.

The thirteen chapters are arranged in 3 parts covering North Africa, Central Africa and Southern Africa and the book is illustrated by maps, cross-sections, stratigraphic sections and seismic lines. Each chapter includes a comprehensive bibliography and the book concludes with a subject index.

For academic geologists researching the geology of Africa, and for industrial geologists seeking natural resources within African sedimentary rocks, this book is an invaluable source of information.

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE SERIES V(4) K. J. Hsu INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IX(4) R. C. Selley LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS XIII Part
1. North Africa 3(86)
Chapter 1 THE SEDIMENTARY BASINS OF NORTHWEST AFRICA: STRATIGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTATION 3(14) R. C. Selley Introduction 3(1) Precambrian basement and infra-Cambrian sediments 4(1) Cambro-Ordovician 5(3) Silurian 8(3) Devonian 11(1) Carboniferous-Permian 12(1) Mesozoic 12(4) Selected Bibliography 16(1) References 16(1)
Chapter 2 THE BASINS OF NORTHWEST AFRICA: STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION 17(10) R. C. Selley Introduction 17(1) Tindouf basin 17(2) Reggane basin 19(1) Ahnet, Mouydir and Illizi/Ghadames basins 20(1) Murzuk basin 21(3) The Kufra basin 24(1) Selected Bibliography 25(1) References 26(1)
Chapter 3 THE SIRTE BASIN OF LIBYA 27(12) R. C. Selley Introduction 27(1) Stratigraphy and facies 27(4) Structure and tectonic evolution 31(3) Igneous activity 34(1) Selected Bibliography 35(1) References 36(3)
Chapter 4 SEDIMENTARY BASINS OF EGYPT: AN OVERVIEW OF DYNAMIC STRATIGRAPHY 39(50) A. S. El Hawat Introduction 39(1) Sedimentary basins 39(7) The Afro-Nubian craton 39(1) Intracratonic basins 40(3) Pericratonic basins 43(2) The Gulf of Suez rift basin 45(1) The Palaeozoic 46(8) Cambrian 48(1) Ordovician-Silurian 49(1) Devonian 49(1) Carboniferous 50(3) The Permian 53(1) Geologic events and sedimentation 53(1) Eustatic vs. tectonic control of sedimentation 53(1) Palaeozoic glaciation 54(1) Mesozoic 54(15) Triassic 55(1) Jurassic 55(2) Cretaceous 57(9) Early Cretaceous 57(3) Late Cretaceous 60(6) Geological events and sedimentation 66(3) Early Cretaceous events: the end of the Nubian problem 67(1) Late Cretaceous events 68(1) Tertiary 69(12) Palaeogene 70(3) Palaeocene 70(1) Eocene 71(2) Oligocene 73(1) Neogene 73(6) Miocene 73(3) Pliocene 76(3) Geological events and sedimentation 79(2) Neogene facies and events in North Africa 79(2) Summary and common themes 81(1) Acknowledgements 82(1) References 82(7) Part
2. Central Africa 89(148)
Chapter 5 THE IULLEMMEDEN BASIN 89(16) R. T. J. Moody Introduction 89(1) Structural setting 89(2) Stratigraphy and sedimentology 91(10) Precambrian 91(1) Palaeozoic 92(1) Permo-Triassic 92(1) Jurassic Cretaceous 92(1) Lower Cretaceous 93(2) Upper Cretaceous 95(3) Tertiary 98(3) Quaternary 101(1) References 101(4)
Chapter 6 RIFT BASINS OF THE SUDAN 105(46) R. B. Salama Introduction 105(1) Geological sequence 106(5) Precambrian Cambrian 106(1) Palaeozoic 106(3) Mesozoic 109(2) Rift structures and rifting phases 111(3) The Sudanese rift system 114(3) Bahr El Arab rift 114(1) White Nile rift 115(1) Blue Nile rift 116(1) River Atbara rift 116(1) Wadi El Kuu rift 116(1) Sedimentary sequence of the Sag period 117(12) Deltas and river fans 118(2) Bahr El Arab rift palaeoriver system 120(3) Wadi El Kuu 121(1) Wadi Ibra, Wadi Bulbul and Wadi Nyala 122(1) Bahr El Arab palaeoriver system 122(1) Bahr El Ghazal and Bahr El Jebel 122(1) Sobat River 122(1) Wadi El Ghalla 122(1) White Nile rift palaeoriver systems 123(1) Khor Abu Habil 123(1) Khor Yabus and Khor Adar 124(1) Blue Nile rift palaeoriver system 124(1) River Atbara rift palaeoriver system 124(1) Sediment loads, estimated volumes and source scenarios 124(5) Natural resources of the rift basins 129(18) Ground water resources of the rift basins 129(6) Types of aquifers and aquifer characteristics 130(2) Blue Nile rift basin 132(1) White Nile rift basin 133(1) River Atbara rift basin 133(1) The evolution of the ground-water flow systems 134(1) Ground water resources 135(1) Petroleum resources of the Sudanese Rift System and the role of ground water in its migration and accumulation 135(2) Petroleum discovery and resources 135(1) Hydrocarbon migration and accumulation through ground-water flow in the rift basins 136(1) Buried saline lakes of the Sudanese Rift System 137(4) Lake Sudd 137(2) White Nile rift, the Nuba saline lakes 139(1) Blue Nile lakes 140(1) Soba lake 140(1) Relative age of the saline lakes and relation to East Africa lakes 140(1) The evolution of the River Nile 141(6) The Blue Nile in Ethiopia 141(2) The White Nile in Equatoria 143(1) Late Quaternary River Nile 144(1) The evolution of the River Nile and the buried saline rift lakes in Sudan 144(3) Acknowledgments 147(1) References 147(4)
Chapter 7 THE NIGER DELTA BASIN 151(22) T. J. A. Reijers S. W. Petters C. S. Nwajide Introduction 151(2) Tectonic setting 153(1) Antecedent deltas in the Benue trough 154(9) Deltaic sedimentation in the Anambra Basin 156(3) The Campanian 159(1) The Maastrichtian 159(1) The Paleocene 159(1) The Eocene 159(1) Sequence stratigraphy of the Anambra Basin 159(4) Cenozoic Niger delta 163(6) The modern delta 163(3) Lithostratigraphy 166(1) Evolution of depobelts and sequences 166(3) Structure 169(1) Petroleum geology 170(1) Conclusion 171(1) Acknowledgements 171(1) References 171(2)
Chapter 8 THE WEST AFRICAN COASTAL BASINS 173(14) M. A. Ala R. C. Selley Introduction 173(1) The Rio del Rey and Douala basins 174(1) The Gabon basin 174(6) Pre-salt sequence 176(1) Salt sequence 177(1) Post-salt sequence 177(3) The Congo basin 180(2) Pre-salt sequence 180(1) Salt sequence 181(1) Post-salt sequence 181(1) The Angola (or Cuanza) basin 182(2) Pre-salt sequence 182(1) Salt sequence 182(1) Post-salt sequence 183(1) The Orange River basin 184(2) Syn-rift sequence 184(1) Post-rift (drift) sequence 185(1) References 186(1)
Chapter 9 THE EAST AFRICAN RIFT BASINS 187(24) L. E. Frostick Introduction 187(1) Geomorphology 187(2) Climate and vegetation 189(1) Pre-rift geology 189(2) Plate tectonic setting 191(1) Structure 192(2) Mantle and lower lithosphere 192(1) Crustal structure 193(1) Volcanicity 194(2) The basin fills 196(10) Geometry of the fills 196(1) Sedimentary facies and depositional environments 196(2) Fluvial sediments 196(1) Lake sediments 197(1) Sequences and cyclicity in the fills 198(3) The faulted margin 199(1) Lake centre 200(1) The flexured margin 200(1) Examples of basin types 201(5) The Lake Tanganyika basin 201(1) The Lake Turkana basin 202(1) Baringo-Naivasha-Magadi basins 203(3) Conclusions 206(1) Controls on differences in structure and sedimentary fill 206(1) Importance of the East African Rift basins 206(1) Acknowledgements 206(1) References 207(4)
Chapter 10 THE COASTAL BASINS OF SOMALIA, KENYA AND TANZANIA 211(26) E. I. Mbede A. Dualeh Introduction 211(1) Review of the geology of the Somali Coastal Basin 212(5) Introduction 212(2) Somali Coastal Basin 214(1) Luugh-Mandera Basin 214(1) Somali Embayment 215(2) Geological review of the Kenya Coastal Basin 217(4) Introduction 217(1) Karoo 218(1) Post-Karoo 218(3) The geological review of Tanzania Coastal Basin 221(6) Introduction 221(1) Selous-Ruvu-Tanga Basin 221(4) The Lindi Rift Basin 225(2) Structural evolution 227(3) Economic geology 230(2) Hydrocarbon prospectivity 230(1) Other mineral deposits 231(1) References 232(5) Part
3. Southern Africa 237(142)
Chapter 11 THE OWAMBO BASIN OF NORTHERN NAMIBIA 237(32) R. McG. Miller Introduction 237(1) Regional stratigraphy 238(27) The Damara Sequence 238(18) The Nosib Group 238(5) The Otavi Group 243(1) The Abenab Subgroup of the Otavi Mountainland 243(1) The Abenab Subgroup west of the Otavi Mountainland 243(2) The Tsumeb Subgroup 245(7) The Mulden Group 252(1) Structure of the late-Proterozoic rocks of the Owambo Basin 256(1) The Karoo Sequence 256(4) The Kalahari Sequence 260(5) Summary 265(2) Acknowledgements 267(1) References 267(2)
Chapter 12 THE FORELAND KAROO BASIN, SOUTH AFRICA 269(50) M. R. Johnson C. J. van Vuuren J. N. J. Visser D. I. Cole H. de V. Wickens A. D. M. Christie D. L. Roberts Introduction 269(1) Stratigraphy and palaeoenvironments 270(35) Dwyka Group 270(5) Ecca Group 275(20) Basal formations in the south, west and northwest 275(3) Southern formations (above the Whitehill Formation) 278(5) Western and northwestern formations (above the Whitehill Formation) 283(5) Northeastern formations 288(7) Beaufort Group 295(6) Adelaide Subgroup 295(4) Tarkastad Subgroup 299(2) Molteno Formation 301(1) Elliot Formation 302(1) Clarens Formation 302(1) Drakensberg Group and associated intrusions 303(2) Basin history 305(5) Tectonic setting 305(3) Dwyka glaciers and ice sheets 308(1) Ecca seas and deltas 308(1) Beaufort alluvial plains 309(1) Post-Beaufort floodplains and deserts 309(1) Igneous events and Gondwana break-up 309(1) Economic resources 310(3) Coal 310(1) Oil and gas 310(1) Uranium and molybdenum 310(3) References 313(6)
Chapter 13 LATE MESOZOIC SEDIMENTARY BASINS OFF THE SOUTH COAST OF SOUTH AFRICA 319(60) I. K. McMillan G. J. Brink D. S. Broad J. J. Maier Introduction 319(5) Regional setting 319(3) Previous work 322(1) General structure and history of the southern offshore basins 323(1) Bredasdorp basin 324(23) Introduction 324(5) Basin evolution 329(18) Rift tectonics and sedimentation (D to 1At1) 329(15) Transitional-early drift tectonics and sedimentation (1At1 to 13At1) 344(1) Late drift tectonics and sedimentation (13At1 to present day) 345(2) Pletmos basin and Infanta embayment 347(11) Introduction 347(1) Basin evolution 348(10) Rift tectonics and sedimentation (D to 1At1) 348(7) Transitional-early drift tectonics and sedimentation (1At1 to 13At1) 355(3) Late drift tectonics and sedimentation (13At1 to present day) 358(1) Gamtoos and Algoa basins 358(16) Introduction 358(1) Basin evolution 359(15) Rift tectonics and sedimentation (D to 1At1) 359(11) Transitional-early drift tectonics and sedimentation (1At1 to 13At1) 370(3) Drift tectonics and sedimentation (13At1 to present day) 373(1) Acknowledgements 374(1) References 374(5) Part
4. Summary 379(4)
Chapter 14 PUZZLING QUESTIONS IN THE SIMPLE HISTORY OF A CONTINENT 379(4) K. J. Hsu References 382(1) AUTHOR INDEX 383(6) GEOGRAPHIC, TECTONIC AND STRATIGRAPHIC INDEX 389(4) MINERALS, PETROLEUM, ROCKS AND FOSSILS INDEX 393