Alexander the Great (356-323 B.C.) precipitated immense historical change in the Mediterranean and Near Eastern worlds. But the resonance his legend achieved over the next two millennia stretched even farther—across foreign cultures, religious traditions, and distant nations.
This engaging and handsomely illustrated book for the first time gathers together hundreds of the colorful Alexander legends that have been told and retold around the globe. Richard Stoneman, a foremost expert on the Alexander myths, introduces us first to the historical Alexander and then to the Alexander of legend, an unparalleled mythic icon who came to represent the heroic ideal in cultures from Egypt to Iceland, from Britain to Malaya.
Alexander came to embody the concerns of Hellenistic man; he fueled Roman ideas on tyranny and kingship; he was a talisman for fourth-century pagans and a hero of chivalry in the early Middle Ages. He appears in Jewish, Christian, and Islamic writings, frequently as a prophet of God. Whether battling winged foxes or meeting with the Amazons, descending to the underworld or inventing the world’s first diving bell, Alexander inspired as a hero, even a god. Stoneman traces Alexander’s influence in ancient literature and folklore and in later literatures of east and west. His book provides the definitive account of the legends of Alexander the Great—a powerful leader in life and an even more powerful figure in the history of literature and ideas.
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vii | |
Preface |
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xi | |
Note on Proper Names and Languages |
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xiii | |
Abbreviations and Major Classical Texts Cited |
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xiv | |
Historical Timeline |
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xvi | |
Introduction |
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1 | (5) |
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Nativity: Egyptian Origins (356 BC) |
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6 | (21) |
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Golden Vines, Golden Bowls and Temples of Fire: The Persian Versions |
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27 | (22) |
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Cities of Alexander: Jews and Arabs Adopt the Hero |
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49 | (18) |
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The Marvels of India (329-326 BC) |
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67 | (24) |
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How Much Land Does a Man Need?': Alexander's Encounters with the Brahmans (326 BC) |
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91 | (16) |
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From the Heights of the Air to the Depths of the Sea: Alexander as Inventor and Sage |
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107 | (21) |
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Amazons, Mermaids and Wilting Maidens |
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128 | (22) |
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The Search for Immortality |
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150 | (20) |
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The Unclean Nations and the End of Time |
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170 | (16) |
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Death in Babylon (323 BC) |
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186 | (13) |
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Universal Emperor: The Christian Hero |
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199 | (18) |
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King of the World: Alexander the Greek |
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217 | (10) |
Epilogue |
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227 | (3) |
Appendix I: The Formative Alexander Romances, their Main Derivatives, and the Main Illustrated Versions |
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230 | (16) |
Appendix II: Tables |
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246 | (9) |
Notes |
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255 | (29) |
Bibliography |
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284 | (22) |
Index |
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306 | |
Richard Stoneman is the author of many trade and scholarly works in the field of Greek history. Formerly Consultant to the Everyman Library on Classics, he is acknowledged as the foremost expert globally on the myths of Alexander.