Alzheimer's Disease and Advanced Drug Delivery Strategies [Minkštas viršelis]

Contributors
About the editors
Preface
Acknowledgments

1. Etiology, pathogenesis of Alzheimers disease and amyloid beta hypothesis
SARIKA MARUTI KAMBLE, KALPESH RAMDAS PATIL AND AMAN B. UPAGANLAWAR

1. Introduction
2. Etiology of Alzheimers disease
3. Pathogenesis of Alzheimers disease
4. Diagnosis of AD
5. Amyloid beta protein hypothesis
6. Consequences of amyloid beta (Ab) formation
7. Genetic factors responsible for the Alzheimers disease
References

2. Neuroinflammation in Alzheimers disease
MOHIT AGRAWAL, MANMOHAN SINGHAL, BHUPENDRA GOPALBHAI PRAJAPATI, HEMA
CHAUDHARY, YASH JASORIA, BHAVNA KUMAR, MANDEEP KUMAR ARORA AND JAGANNATH
SAHOO

1. Introduction
2. History of neuroinflammation in AD
3. The concept of neuroinflammation in AD
4. Neuroinflammation: Causes and consequences of Alzheimers disease
5. BBB integrity and neuroinflammation
6. Role of cellular players
7. Role of mediators and modulators in neuroinflammation
8. Role of intracellular signaling pathway
9. Genetic studies
10. Imaging of neuroinflammation in AD
11. Possible intervention of neuroinflammation in AD
12. Factors associated with neuroinflammation
13. Development of therapeutic potential
14. Conclusion
References

3. Recent updates in chemistry of Alzheimers: Synthetic molecules
DEEPAK K. LOKWANI, SANGITA R. CHAVAN, VINOD G. UGALE, PRAKASH N. KENDRE AND
SHIRISH P. JAIN

1. Introduction
2. MTDL approach associated with following scaffold or structures
3. Conclusion
References

4. Blood brain barrier and its significance in drug delivery to brain in
Alzheimer disease
DHWANI RANA, SAGAR SALAVE, DIGNESH KHUNT AND DERAJRAM BENIVAL

1. Introduction
2. Blood brain barrier
3. Current treatments for AD
4. Emerging therapies for AD
5. Nanotherapeutics for AD
6. Other approaches for crossing BBB
7. Conclusion and future perspective
References

5. Nose to brain delivery for the treatment of Alzheimers disease
DIGNESH KHUNT, SAGAR SALAVE, DHWANI RANA, DERAJRAM BENIVAL, BHAVIN GAYAKVAD
AND BHUPENDRA GOPALBHAI PRAJAPATI

1. Introduction
2. The nose-to-brain (N2B) pathway
3. AZD and current treament
4. Development of N2B delivery for AZD
5. Approaches to modulation of N2B delivery in AZD
6. Advantages of N2B delivery for AZD
7. Conclusion and future directions
References

6. Amyloid cascade hypothesis, tau synthesis, and role of oxidative stress in
AD
JIGAR VYAS, NENSI RAYTTHATHA AND BHUPENDRA GOPALBHAI PRAJAPATI

1. Introduction to the amyloid (amyloid-beta peptide)
2. Biogenesis of amyloid-beta
3. Amyloid cascade hypothesis (ACH)
4. Pros and cons of the ACH
5. Therapeutic targeting for amyloid-beta in Alzheimers pathogenesis
6. Tau protein
7. Role of oxidative stress in AD
8. Corelation of amyloid B protein, tau process, and oxidative stress in AD
References

7. New biologicals and biomaterials in the therapy of Alzheimers disease
VIPUL PRAJAPATI, SHRADDHA SHINDE, PRINCY SHRIVASTAV AND BHUPENDRA GOPALBHAI
PRAJAPATI

1. Introduction
2. Potential target for Alzheimers disease therapy
3. Biologicals used in therapy of Alzheimers disease
4. Biomaterials used in therapy of Alzheimers disease
5. Nanoparticles in the therapy of Alzheimers disease
6. Metal nanoparticles for Alzheimers disease treatment
7. Other NPs
8. Systems based on biomaterials for mass production of therapeutic cells
9. Challenges of biomaterial-based drug delivery approach in Alzheimers
disease
10. Conclusion
References

8. Roles of nano medicine in diagnosis of Alzheimers disease
MONA AMIT KAUSHAL, NIKITA A. PATEL, GAURAVI XAVIER AND BHUPENDRA GOPALBHAI
PRAJAPATI

1. Introduction
2. Diagnostic tools for AD
3. Future perspective of nano medicine and their effectiveness
4. Conclusion and limitations
References

9. Nanotechnology-based delivery for CRISPR-Cas 9 cargo in Alzheimers
disease
SHRUTI RAWAL, AKRUTI KHODAKIYA AND BHUPENDRA GOPALBHAI PRAJAPATI

1. Introduction
2. Genome editing by CRISPR-Cas system
3. Genome editing targets and scope of CRISPR-Cas 9 technology in Alzheimers
disease
4. Barriers and challenges to CRISPR-Cas 9 delivery
5. Synergizing nano and CRISPR: Nanocarriermediated delivery
6. Conclusions and prospects
References

10. Liposomes as carrier for drug delivery in Alzheimers disease
RAVISH J. PATEL, AMIT A. PATEL, NIDHI TRIVEDI, VIDHI PANDYA, AMIT ALEXANDER,
VIRAL PATEL, BHUPENDRA GOPALBHAI PRAJAPATI AND PUNIT B. PAREJIYA

1. Introduction
2. Liposomes as nanocarrier system for drug delivery
3. Liposome preparation materials and process
4. Modification of liposomes
5. Liposomes potential as drug delivery for AD
6. Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References

11. PLGA mediated drug delivery for Alzheimers disease
TOSHA PANDYA, MANGESH KULKARNI, SHEETAL ACHARYA AND BHUPENDRA GOPALBHAI
PRAJAPATI

1. Introduction
2. PLGA in Alzheimers disease
3. Applications of PLGA in treatment of AD
4. Animal models for testing AD targeted PLGA formulations
5. Patents
6. Conclusion and future prospective
References

12. Regulatory and ethical concerns in the use of nanomaterials
NAKSHEE MEHTA, SRISHTI SHETTY, BHUPENDRA GOPALBHAI PRAJAPATI AND SARITHA
SHETTY

1. Introduction
2. Nanomaterials
3. Existing regulations on nanomaterials
4. Regulatory concerns involved with the use of nanomaterials
5. Nanomaterials in formulations and drug delivery systems to treat Alzheimer
(AD)
6. Ethical concerns involved with the use of nanomaterials
7. Future challenges and policies
References

13. Symptoms and conventional treatments of Alzheimers disease
MEHUL R. CHORAWALA, AAYUSHI C. SHAH, AANSHI J. PANDYA, NIRJARI R. KOTHARI AND
BHUPENDRA GOPALBHAI PRAJAPATI

1. Introduction
2. Recent neuropathological aspects
3. Clinical presentation
4. Conventional therapeutic approaches
5. Hardships faced by caregivers
6. Need of treatments although AD is incurable
7. Recent advances in AD treatments
8. Conclusion and outlooks
References

14. Dendrimers in the management of Alzheimers disease
CHETNA MODI, BHUPENDRA GOPALBHAI PRAJAPATI, SUDARSHAN SINGH, ADITYA SINGH AND
SHUBHRAT MAHESHWARI

1. Introduction
2. Synthesis method of dendrimers
3. Types of dendrimers
4. Method of drug loading in dendrimers
5. Properties of dendrimers
6. Characterization of dendrimers
7. Animal models: In vitro and in vivo studies
8. Applications in treatment of Alzheimers disease
9. Clinical trials
10. Patents
11. Conclusion
References

15. Precision medicines for the treatment of Alzheimers disease
SANGAMESHWAR B. KANTHALE, PRAKASH N. KENDRE, SOMNATH K. VIBHUTE, SHIRISH P.
JAIN AND SHRADHA S. TIWARI

1. Introduction
2. Background
3. Comprehensive risk determination
4. Intervention design
5. Methodology
6. System biology method for AD research
7. Role of genetics in precision medicine
8. Nanoparticles as precision medicines in AD
9. Discovery, development, and validation of pathophysiological biomarker
candidates in AD
10. Challenges in AD risk reduction
11. Next step and future directions
12. Conclusion
References

16. Nanoformulations targeting Alzheimers disease
DEVESH KAPOOR, DEEPAK SHARMA, YASHWANT PATHAK, BHUPENDRA GOPALBHAI PRAJAPATI
AND BHAVIK SATANI

1. Introduction
2. Overview of BBB and B-CSFB
3. Obstacles in drug delivery to BBB/B-CSF in ADs
4. Nanocarrier based nanoformulations to combat ADs
5. Carbon dots (CDs)
6. Nanodiamonds (NDs)
7. Fullerene
8. Nanotubes
9. Conclusion
References

17. Lipid nanoparticles in targeting Alzheimers disease
PRAKASH N. KENDRE, AJINKYA POTE, RASIKA BHALKE, BHUPENDRA GOPALBHAI
PRAJAPATI, SHIRISH P. JAIN AND DEVESH KAPOOR

1. Introduction
2. Different types of LNs used in AD
3. Lipids nanoparticles (LNs) and AD
4. Limitations of LNs in CNS diseases
5. Regulatory considerations of LNs
6. Future prospective and conclusion
References

18. Novel therapeutic approaches for targeting Alzheimers disease
AKRUTI KHODAKIYA, SUNITA CHAUDHARY, ANKIT CHAUDHARY AND BHUPENDRA GOPALBHAI
PRAJAPATI

1. Alzheimers disease: Scope of new therapeutic approaches
2. FDA approved drugs for Alzheimers disease
3. Novel therapeutic approaches
4. Conclusion and future perspectives
References

19. Micro and nanoemulsion as drug carriers in Alzheimers disease
AMI PATEL, HIMANSHU PALIWAL, KRUTIKA SAWANT AND BHUPENDRA GOPALBHAI
PRAJAPATI

1. Introduction
2. Microemulsion and nanoemulsion formulation
3. Physicochemical characterization of formulations
4. Applications, current research and patent landscape of microemulsions and
nanoemulsion
5. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic of developed NE/ME for AD
6. Conclusion and future perspectives
References

20. Targeted nanotechnology-based formulations
ANGELA CHINASA ANI, STEPHEN CHIJIOKE EMENCHETA, KOSARACHI JENNIFER ORAH, AMAN
B. UPAGANLAWAR, BHUPENDRA GOPALBHAI PRAJAPATI, CHUKWUKA KANAYO ORANU AND
CHUKWUEMEZUE PRAISES ONYEKWE

1. Introduction
2. Nanomaterials
3. Targeted nanotechnology-based formulations (TNbF)
4. Applications of targeted nanoformulations
5. Concerns in the design and application of nanoformulations
6. Clinical data
7. Prospects in the design of targeted nanoformulation
8. Conclusion
References

21. Drug delivery for Alzheimers disease using nanotechnology: Challenges
and advancements
BINDIYA CHAUHAN, SHIVANI PATEL, BHUPENDRA GOPALBHAI PRAJAPATI AND SUDARSHAN
SINGH

1. Introduction
2. Drug delivery strategies for Alzheimer diseases
3. Alzheimers disease clinical requirement and drug delivery challenges
4. Nanomedicine as future aspect in treatment of Alzheimer diseases
5. Nonmicellar based formulation
6. Dendrimers
7. Nanogels
8. Alzheimer diseases treatment with lipid-based nanoparticles
9. Metallic nanoparticles
10. Nanoparticulate-chelation-based Alzheimer diseases therapy
11. Nanomedicine theranostics formulations
12. Protein-coated nanoparticles
13. Antibody decorated nanoparticles
14. Novel biomarkers used in diagnosis of Alzheimer diseases
15. Conclusion and future perspective
References

22. Current trends and updates in the treatment of Alzheimers disease
NISHA H. PARIKH, PALAK K. PARIKH, HETANSH J. RAO, KASHISH SHAH, BHAVARTH P.
DAVE AND BHUPENDRA GOPALBHAI PRAJAPATI

1. Introduction
2. Pathophysiology and multifactorial nature of AD
3. Current treatment approaches for AD
4. Potential therapeutic strategies for AD
5. Conclusion and perspective
References

23. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of various novel formulations
targeting Alzheimers disease
ASHWINI GAWADE, SATISH POLSHETTIWAR, HETAL HINGALAJIA, BHUPENDRA GOPALBHAI
PRAJAPATI AND ADITYA SINGH

1. Introduction
2. Alzheimers disease
3. Currently available drug molecules for the management for AD
4. Treatments for AD in the CNS: Clinical pharmacokinetics and
pharmacodynamics
5. Nanoparticle delivery system for the management of AD and their PK PD
6. Conclusion
References

24. Microbubbles-based drug delivery for antiAlzheimers drugs
MEENAKSHI PATEL, BHUPENDRA GOPALBHAI PRAJAPATI AND M.R. YADAV

1. Introduction
2. Ultrasound mediated microbubble therapy to overcome BBB for treating
Alzheimers patients
3. Drug loaded lipid based microbubbles for AD
4. In vitro cell models of BBB for AD and microbubble-mediated drug delivery
5. Clinical trials of microbubble-based drug delivery for treatment of AD
6. Challenges and toxicity concerns of microbubble-based drug delivery for
AD
7. Future aspects and conclusion
References

25. Neurotoxicity with the use of nanomaterials
SACHIN P. BORIKAR, SHIRISH P. JAIN, DEEPALI N. TAPRE, DEBARSHI KAR MAHAPATRA,
ASAVARI V. MAHAJAN, DIPAK S. SONAWANE AND PRAKASH N. KENDRE

1. Introduction
2. Toxicity associated with nanomaterials
3. Brain as nanoparticles target
4. Properties of nanoparticles that influence toxicities
5. Mechanisms of neurotoxicity
6. Mitochondrial dysfunction due to nanoparticles
7. DNA damage due to nanoparticles
8. Endocrine dysfunction due to nanoparticles
9. Conclusion
References

26. Combinatorial therapy in Alzheimers disease
MAHENDRA GIRI, PRAKASH N. KENDRE, RASIKA BHALKE, VISHAL PANDE, KALYANI AUTADE
AND RAJASHRI SUMBE

1. Introduction
2. Diagnostic criteria for Alzheimers disease
3. Combinatorial treatment strategies for Alzheimers disease
4. On-going clinical trialon AD
5. Summary
References

Index

Dr. Bhupendra Gopalbhai Prajapati is a Professor (Research Cadre) at Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University, Gujarat, India. He is also acting as Adjunct Professor at Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Thailand. With over 22 years of experience in academia, research, and industry, he specializes in lipid-based formulations, nano/microparticulate drug delivery, and bioavailability enhancement. A recipient of several prestigious awards including the AICTE Young Teacher Award and Ganpat University's Staff Excellence honors, Dr. Prajapati has published over 350 research/review papers, and has contributed to more than 170 book chapters. He actively mentors Ph.D. and PG scholars and serves as editor or section editor for several international publications in pharmaceutical sciences. Dr. Chellappan is presently affiliated to the International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. He boasts more than 18 years of active teaching experience in the current profession. In 2009, he completed his PhD in Pharmaceutical Sciences, from the prestigious Manipal University, India. His major research area has been inflammation in biological systems. He has published more than 250 publications in reputed research journals with a cumulative impact factor of >600. In addition, he is a reviewer for several high impact journals and is on the editorial board of several reputed scientific journals. Dr. Kendre currently serving as Vice-Principal and head of the Department of Pharmaceutics at Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy in Buldana, Maharashtra, India. He has more than 17 years of academic, research and industrial experience. He published more than 60 research articles. He published an Indian patent and a number of book chapters with reputable publishing houses.