Atnaujinkite slapukų nuostatas

Amazon from an International Law Perspective [Kietas viršelis]

  • Formatas: Hardback, 404 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 235x156x23 mm, weight: 640 g, 25 Tables, unspecified; 6 Maps; 2 Line drawings, unspecified
  • Išleidimo metai: 21-Feb-2011
  • Leidėjas: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0521769620
  • ISBN-13: 9780521769624
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Amazon from an International Law PerspectiveDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Hardback, 404 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 235x156x23 mm, weight: 640 g, 25 Tables, unspecified; 6 Maps; 2 Line drawings, unspecified
  • Išleidimo metai: 21-Feb-2011
  • Leidėjas: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0521769620
  • ISBN-13: 9780521769624
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9780521769624.html
Raktažodžiai:
With a vast river network and rainforests extending over eight South American countries, the Amazon plays a vital role particularly in maintaining biodiversity and terrestrial carbon storage. Due to its ecological characteristics, the Amazon benefits not only those states but also the international community at large. However, the Amazon forests are being rapidly cleared with a consequent loss of biodiversity and impact on global climate. This book examines whether international law has an impact on the preservation of the Amazon by inquiring into the forms of cooperation that exist among the Amazon countries, and between them and the international community, and to what extent international cooperation can help protect the Amazon. Given the role of this region in maintaining the balance of the global environment, the book examines whether the Amazon should be granted a special legal status and possible implications in terms of international cooperation.

This book examines whether international law has an impact on the protection of the Amazon by inquiring into the forms of cooperation that exist among the Amazon countries, and between them and the international community, and to what extent international cooperation can help protect the Amazon.

Recenzijos

'This work's outstanding contribution to the broader literature on the Amazon is its welcome focus on the changing rights and duties of states over time, a subject that has generally received short shrift in studies essentially concerned with the magnitude of the environmental problem and one that has been confined hitherto mainly to the pages of international law journals.' Philip Chrimes, International Affairs

Daugiau informacijos

This book examines whether international law has an impact on the protection of the Amazon.
List of Maps and Figures
xi
List of Tables
xii
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Abbreviations and Acronyms xix
1 Introduction
1(22)
1.1 International Cooperation in the Field of Environmental Protection
3(2)
1.2 The Context and Meaning of International Cooperation
5(5)
1.3 Limits to International Cooperation in the Environmental Field
10(6)
1.4 International Cooperation in the Context of the Present Study
16(7)
2 The Characteristics of the Amazon Region
23(27)
2.1 Physical Characteristics
23(6)
2.1.1 Land Area
23(3)
2.1.2 Hydrological Characteristics
26(3)
2.2 Socioeconomic Characteristics
29(5)
2.2.1 Population
29(3)
2.2.2 Economic Development and Trade
32(2)
2.3 Current Threats to the Amazonian Environment
34(16)
2.3.1 Deforestation in the Amazon
36(10)
2.3.2 Impacts of Deforestation on the Amazon
46(4)
3 The Origins of Regional Cooperation in the Amazon
50(24)
3.1 International Boundaries Delimiting the Amazon Region
50(10)
3.1.1 The Uti Possidetis as a Principle for Establishing International Boundaries
51(3)
3.1.2 International Boundaries between Brazil and the Other Amazon States
54(6)
3.2 Commerce and Navigation
60(6)
3.3 Early Forms of Cooperation in the Amazon Region
66(8)
3.3.1 Treaties of Friendship and Cooperation
66(1)
3.3.2 Environmental Conservation
67(3)
3.3.3 Toward Regional Cooperation
70(2)
Conclusions
72(2)
4 The 1978 Amazon Cooperation Treaty
74(53)
A Origins of the 1978 Amazon Cooperation Treaty
75(1)
4.1 The Rationale of a Regional Cooperation Treaty
75(7)
4.2 The Negotiation of a Regional Cooperation Treaty
82(3)
B An Overview of the 1978 Amazon Cooperation Treaty
85(1)
4.3 Normative Framework
85(15)
4.3.1 Spatial Domain of Validity
86(2)
4.3.2 Principles and Obligations
88(7)
4.3.3 Implementation Mechanisms
95(2)
4.3.4 Normative Evolution
97(3)
4.4 Institutional Framework
100(18)
4.4.1 Meetings of the Presidents
100(1)
4.4.2 Meetings of Ministers of Foreign Affairs
101(2)
4.4.3 Amazon Cooperation Council
103(1)
4.4.4 Permanent National Commissions
104(1)
4.4.5 Special Commissions
105(2)
4.4.6 From Pro Tempore Secretariats to a Permanent Structure
107(3)
4.4.7 The Functions and Structure of the Permanent Secretariat
110(3)
4.4.8 The Permanent Secretariat Today
113(4)
4.4.9 Financial Mechanism
117(1)
4.5 Assessing the Effectiveness of the 1978 Amazon Cooperation Treaty
118(9)
Conclusions
123(4)
5 Regional and Subregional Organizations
127(24)
5.1 Organization of American States
129(3)
5.2 Andean Community
132(5)
5.3 Caribbean Community
137(3)
5.4 Common Market of the South
140(5)
5.5 Inter-American Development Bank
145(3)
5.6 Andean Development Corporation
148(3)
Conclusions
149(2)
6 Other Legal Instruments Adopted by the Amazon States Inter Se
151(37)
A Cooperation among the Amazon States Inter Se
152(1)
6.1 Freshwater Resources
153(6)
6.2 Biodiversity
159(7)
6.2.1 Genetic Resources
162(2)
6.2.2 Wildlife Species of Fauna and Flora
164(2)
6.3 Health, Food Safety, and Sanitation
166(4)
6.4 Forests
170(4)
6.5 Hazardous Substances and Activities
174(1)
6.6 Disaster Prevention and Management
174(1)
6.7 Indigenous Populations
175(13)
B Cooperation among the Amazon States and Other Countries in Latin America and the Caribbean
184(2)
Conclusions
186(2)
7 Multilateral Treaties and Global Actors in the Amazon
188(39)
A Multilateral Environmental Agreements
188(8)
B Global Actors
196(1)
7.1 International Organizations
196(14)
7.1.1 The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization
196(2)
7.1.2 United Nations Environment Programme
198(2)
7.1.3 United Nations Development Programme
200(1)
7.1.4 The World Bank and the Global Environment Facility
201(6)
7.1.5 The Pilot Program to Conserve the Brazilian Rain Forest
207(3)
7.2 International Nongovernmental Organizations
210(17)
C Synergies and Conflicts between Norms and Institutions
214(10)
Conclusions
224(3)
8 Positive Incentives for Protecting the Amazon
227(39)
8.1 Carbon Trading
233(5)
8.1.1 The Compliance Market
233(3)
8.1.2 The Voluntary Carbon Market
236(2)
8.2 Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation
238(15)
8.2.1 The International Negotiations on REDD
243(3)
8.2.2 REDD in Practice
246(2)
8.2.3 REDD: Pros and Cons
248(5)
8.3 Payments for Environmental Services
253(13)
8.3.1 Payments for Environmental Services in Practice
254(2)
8.3.2 PES: Pros and Cons
256(4)
Conclusions
260(6)
9 The Legal Status of the Amazon: Implications for International Cooperation
266(40)
9.1 The Amazon as a Common Heritage of Humankind?
270(5)
9.2 The Amazon as an Area of Special Protection?
275(4)
9.3 The Amazon as a Common Concern of Humankind
279(27)
9.3.1 Consequences of a Common Concern Status
284(10)
9.3.2 A Right of Surveillance in the Protection of the Amazon
294(10)
Conclusions
304(2)
10 General Conclusions
306(21)
10.1 Cooperation among the Amazon States Inter Se
306(5)
10.2 The Role of the 1978 Amazon Cooperation Treaty
311(8)
10.3 Cooperation between the Amazon States and the International Community
319(4)
10.4 International Legal Status for the Amazon and Possible Implications
323(4)
Bibliography 327(44)
Index 371
Beatriz Garcia is a research fellow at the Australian Centre for Climate and Environmental Law at Sydney Law School. She completed her master's degree and Ph.D. at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, Switzerland. She has worked on the Biodiversity and Climate Change Section of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, particularly on projects related to the Amazon region, and has also held positions at government agencies in Brazil and at the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization.