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El. knyga: America Inc.?: Innovation and Enterprise in the National Security State

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For more than half a century, the United States has led the world in developing major technologies that drive the modern economy and underpin its prosperity. In America, Inc., Linda Weiss attributes the U.S. capacity for transformative innovation to the strength of its national security state, a complex of agencies, programs, and hybrid arrangements that has developed around the institution of permanent defense preparedness and the pursuit of technological supremacy. She examines how that complex emerged and how it has evolved in response to changing geopolitical threats and domestic political constraints, from the Cold War period to the post-9/11 era.

Weiss focuses on state-funded venture capital funds, new forms of technology procurement by defense and security-related agencies, and innovation in robotics, nanotechnology, and renewable energy since the 1980s. Weiss argues that the national security state has been the crucible for breakthrough innovations, a catalyst for entrepreneurship and the formation of new firms, and a collaborative network coordinator for private-sector initiatives. Her book appraises persistent myths about the military-commercial relationship at the core of the National Security State. Weiss also discusses the implications for understanding U.S. capitalism, the American state, and the future of American primacy as financialized corporations curtail investment in manufacturing and innovation.



Linda Weiss attributes the U.S. capacity for transformative innovation to the strength of its national security state, a complex of agencies, programs, and hybrid arrangements that has developed around the institution of permanent defense preparedness and the pursuit of technological supremacy.

Recenzijos

This dense, powerful volume offers profound insights into the U.S. innovation system and its driving forces....It deserves close attention from anyone with an interest in innovation or America's place at the technological frontier.

- Mark Zachary Taylor (Political Science Quarterly) While America Inc.? is not a book for those desiring a normative critique of US policy, it is, instead, an invaluable analytical explanation as to how the US has been preeminent in its inexorable innovative drive to achieve and maintain its defense primacy. As such, Weiss lays out a forceful challenge to the traditional conceptualization of the US as a paradigmatic liberal capitalist state.

- Dr. Maryanne Kelton (Australian Institute of International Affairs)

Preface ix
List of Abbreviations
xi
1 The National Security State and Technology Leadership
1(20)
The U.S. Puzzle
3(1)
The Argument
4(3)
Re-viewing the NSS--Private Sector Relationship
7(4)
Existing Accounts: Discounting, Sidelining, Civilianizing the State
11(3)
The Approach of This Book
14(2)
New Thinking on the American State
16(5)
2 Rise of the National Security State as Technology Enterprise
21(30)
Emergence (1945--1957)
23(8)
Growth: The Sputnik Effect (1958--1968)
31(3)
Crisis: Legitimation and Innovation Deficits (1969--1979)
34(5)
Reform and Reorientation: Beginnings (1980--1989)
39(5)
Reform and Reorientation: Consolidation (1990--1999)
44(3)
Re-visioning (2000--2012)
47(4)
3 Investing in New Ventures
51(24)
Geopolitical Roots of the U.S. Venture Capital Industry
53(11)
Post--Cold War Trends: New Funds for a New Security Environment
64(11)
4 Beyond Serendipity: Procuring Transformative Technology
75(21)
Technology Procurement versus R&D: The Activist Element of Government Purchasing
77(5)
Spin-Off and Spin-Around---Serendipitous and Purposeful
82(7)
Breaching the Wall: Edging toward Military-Commercial (Re-) Integration
89(7)
5 Reorienting the Public-Private Partnership
96(27)
Structural Changes in the Domestic Arena
97(3)
Reorientation: The Quest for Commercial Viability
100(2)
Beyond a Military-Industrial Divide: Innovating for Both Security and Commerce
102(21)
6 No More Breakthroughs?
123(23)
Post-9/11 Decline of the NSS Technology Enterprise?
123(2)
Nanotechnology: A Coordinated Effort
125(4)
Robotics: The Drive for Drones
129(3)
Clean Energy: From Laggard to Leader?
132(11)
Caveat: A Faltering NSS Innovation Engine?
143(3)
7 Hybridization and American Antistatism
146(25)
The Significance of Hybridization
148(1)
An American Tendency?
149(2)
Nature of the Beast: Neither "Privatization" nor "Outsourcing"
151(4)
Innovation Hybrids
155(16)
8 Penetrating the Myths of the Military-Commercial Relationship
171(23)
Four Myths Laid Bare
172(1)
Serendipitous Spin-Off
173(1)
Hidden Industrial Policy
174(4)
Wall of Separation and Military-Industrial Complex
178(3)
R&D Spending Creates Innovation leadership
181(4)
The Defense Spending Question: In Search of the Holy Grail?
185(9)
9 Hybrid State, Hybrid Capitalism, Great Power Turning Point
194(19)
Comparative Institutions and Varieties of Capitalism
196(2)
The American State
198(5)
Great Power Turning Point
203(10)
Notes 213(22)
References 235(20)
Acknowledgments 255(2)
Index 257
Linda Weiss is Professor Emeritus of Comparative Politics at the University of Sydney. She is the author of The Myth of the Powerless State, also from Cornell, and coeditor most recently of Developmental Politics in Transition: The Neoliberal Era and Beyond.