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El. knyga: American Fair Trade: Proprietary Capitalism, Corporatism, and the 'New Competition,' 1890-1940

4.17/5 (12 ratings by Goodreads)
(Harvard Business School)
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 11-Jan-2018
  • Leidėjas: Cambridge University Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781108546942
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 11-Jan-2018
  • Leidėjas: Cambridge University Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781108546942

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Rather than viewing the history of American capitalism as the unassailable ascent of large-scale corporations and free competition, American Fair Trade argues that trade associations of independent proprietors lobbied and litigated to reshape competition policy to their benefit. At the turn of the twentieth century, this widespread fair trade movement borrowed from progressive law and economics, demonstrating a persistent concern with market fairness - not only fair prices for consumers but also fair competition among businesses. Proponents of fair trade collaborated with regulators to create codes of fair competition and influenced the administrative state's public-private approach to market regulation. New Deal partnerships in planning borrowed from those efforts to manage competitive markets, yet ultimately discredited the fair trade model by mandating economy-wide trade rules that sharply reduced competition. Laura Phillips Sawyer analyzes how these efforts to reconcile the American tradition of a well-regulated society with the legacy of Gilded Age of laissez-faire capitalism produced the modern American regulatory state.

American Fair Trade explores the contested political and legal meanings of the term fair trade from the late nineteenth century through the New Deal era. This history of American capitalism argues that business associations partnered with regulators to create codes of fair competition that reshaped both public and private regulatory power.

Recenzijos

'From Walton Hamilton and Milton Handler to Ellis Hawley and Herbert Hovenkamp, the very best legal and economic scholars have insisted upon the centrality of the law of unfair trade to the history of modern American capitalism. Laura Phillips Sawyer's American Fair Trade reanimates that entire tradition by demonstrating in superb and convincing detail the formative role of fair competition and trade associations in the development of the distinctive forms of public-private governance, administrative law, and economic regulation at the heart of both American capitalism and the modern American state.' William Novak, University of Michigan Law School 'What is fair trade? In this lucid, well-informed, carefully researched, and unfailingly judicious book, Laura Phillips Sawyer provides a boldly revisionist perspective on a historical perennial. In so doing, she joins the growing chorus of historians, lawmakers, businesspeople, and activists who are re-envisioning the antimonopoly tradition for the digital age.' Richard R. John, Columbia University, New York 'American Fair Trade is destined to become a monument in the history of competition policy in the United States. Not only is Professor Sawyer an excellent writer, she is also a skilled integrator of political, economic, legal, and other historical ideas. No one has done a better job of identifying the political, social, and economic conflicts that gave rise to the fair trade movement, explain the resistance to it and the responses in the federal courts, and tell a coherent and believable story about why it finally collapsed. This is intellectual and business history at its very best.' Herbert Hovenkamp, University of Pennsylvania 'A timely and powerful history, this book joins a growing body of work to bring the anti-monopoly tradition out of the wilderness back to the center of American debate. By tracing the fair trade movement from its roots in nineteenth century antitrust into the modern trade association and feminist consumer movements, Laura Phillips Sawyer unearths vital resources to better reconcile equality, efficiency, and democracy in the twenty-first century.' Gerald Berk, author of Louis D. Brandeis and the Making of Regulated Competition 'The analysis is thorough, painstakingly footnoted, and strong on legal aspects. It breaks important ground and has few peers Recommended for graduate students through professionals.' M. Larudee, Choice 'This is a fine work of legal history and business history, and it makes an important contribution to the literature on this formative period in the development of the American regulatory state.' Eric Hilt, Business History Review

Daugiau informacijos

Shows how, in the decades prior to the Great Depression, associations of independent proprietors partnered with federal regulators to create codes of fair competition.
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction: American Competition: Trade Associations, Codes of Fair Competition, and State Building 1(23)
The American Antimonopoly Movement and the Rise of Antitrust Law
4(5)
Fair Competition and the Administrative State
9(7)
Chapter Overviews
16(8)
1 Contracts and Competition in an Era of Economic Uncertainty, 1880--1890
24(40)
Nineteenth-Century Competition Policy: Liberty of Contract and the Common Law
29(7)
Governing Proprietary Capitalism: The Dr. Miles Medical Company
36(10)
Rules of "Excessive Competition": Muzzy Starch and National Combinations
46(7)
Industrial Consolidation: Corporations, Trusts, and Competitive Federalism
53(11)
2 The Origins of American Fair Trade: The Sherman Antitrust Act and Conflicting Interpretations of Law, 1890--1911
64(43)
State Antitrust: The Ideas, Interests, and Institutions of Market Competition
68(17)
Passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act
85(5)
Early Antitrust Jurisprudence
90(17)
3 The Economics and Ideology of American Fair Trade: Louis Brandeis, Resale Price Maintenance, and Open Price Associations, 1911--1919
107(42)
Brandeis and the Making of American Fair Trade no Woodrow Wilson's "New Freedom" and Brandeis's "Fair Trade"
127(8)
The AFTL and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce: Defining Fair Competition
135(8)
Exigencies of War: The Cooperative Alternative to Free Market Competition
143(6)
4 Institutionalizing the "New Competition": Herbert Hoover and the Adaptation of Regulated Competition, 1920--1928
149(47)
Confronting Regulated Competition: Trade Associations and the State
152(11)
The U.S. Chamber of Commerce and State Building
163(10)
The "New Competition" in Social Sciences and Academic Associations
173(5)
Hoover and the Reconceptualization of Regulated Competition
178(18)
5 California Fair Trade: Constitutional Federalism and Competing Visions of Fairness in Antitrust Law, 1929--1933
196(41)
Constitutional Federalism and Competing Meanings of Fairness
198(10)
California Capitalism versus National Competition Policy
208(4)
Edna Gleason and the Druggists' Campaign for a "Fair Trade" Law
212(25)
6 Managing Competition in the Great Depression: Between Associational and State Corporatism, 1929--1938
237(72)
Section I Hoover's Response to the Great Depression
240(22)
President Hoover and the Limits to Associational Corporatism
240(11)
Proposals for Economic Planning
251(11)
Section II Roosevelt's New Deals
262(27)
The First New Deal and State Corporatism
262(10)
The NIRA in Practice: "Fair Trade," Corporate Capture, and Internal Dissent
272(17)
Section III Institutional Legacies
289(20)
Constitutional Federalism and the Adaptation of State Corporatism
289(8)
Populism, Proprietary Capitalism, and the Vestiges of Associational Corporatism
297(12)
Conclusion: Varieties of Competition and Corporatism in American Governance 309(10)
Bibliography 319(34)
Case Index 353(6)
Subject Index 359
Laura Phillips Sawyer is an assistant professor at Harvard Business School, Massachusetts, where she teaches in the Business, Government, and International Economy Unit. Her work has appeared in Business History Review, the Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, and Capital Gains.