Preface |
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xvii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xxi | |
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Chapter One Introduction: Governance and Representation |
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2 | (22) |
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Why Is Government Necessary? |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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A Brief History of Democratic Government |
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7 | (1) |
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Politics: The Bridge between Government and Representation |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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Challenges to Combining Representation and Governance |
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10 | (1) |
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Delegating Authority in a Representative Democracy |
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11 | (1) |
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The Tension between Representation and Governance |
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11 | (1) |
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The Enigma of Majority Rule |
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12 | (2) |
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Using Data to Make Sense of American Government |
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14 | (7) |
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21 | (3) |
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Chapter Two The Founding and the Constitution |
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24 | (32) |
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The First Founding: Interests and Conflicts |
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26 | (2) |
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Political Strife and the Radicalizing of the Colonists |
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28 | (2) |
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The Declaration of Independence |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (2) |
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The Articles of Confederation |
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32 | (1) |
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The Second Founding: From Compromise to Constitution |
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33 | (1) |
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International Standing, Economic Difficulties, and Domestic Turmoil |
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33 | (1) |
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The Constitutional Convention |
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34 | (2) |
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Timeplot Representation in Congress: States' Ranks |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (2) |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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Analyzing the Evidence Constitutional Engineering: How Many "Veto Gates"? |
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40 | (2) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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Constitutional Limits on the National Government's Power |
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43 | (2) |
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Amending the Constitution |
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45 | (1) |
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Ratifying the Constitution |
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45 | (1) |
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The Fight for Ratification |
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46 | (1) |
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Changing the Framework: Constitutional Amendment |
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46 | (1) |
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Amendments: Many Are Called, Few Are Chosen |
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47 | (1) |
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The Twenty-Seven Amendments |
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48 | (4) |
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52 | (1) |
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Creating an Effective Government |
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52 | (1) |
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The Policy Principle The Great Compromise and Policy |
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53 | (1) |
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Representing Diverse Interests and Protecting Liberty |
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54 | (2) |
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Chapter Three Federalism and the Separation of Powers |
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56 | (30) |
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58 | (1) |
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Federalism in the Constitution |
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59 | (3) |
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Analyzing the Evidence Do Voter ID Laws Affect Turnout? |
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62 | (3) |
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The Slow Growth of the National Government's Power |
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65 | (3) |
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Timeplot Federal and State/Local Spending, 1930-2020 |
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68 | (1) |
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Cooperative Federalism and Grants-in-Aid |
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68 | (4) |
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The Supreme Court as Federalism's Referee |
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72 | (2) |
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In Brief Evolution of the Federal System |
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74 | (2) |
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76 | (1) |
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The Policy Principle The Patchwork of State Medicaid Programs |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (2) |
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80 | (1) |
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The Role of the Supreme Court |
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80 | (2) |
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82 | (4) |
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Chapter Four Civil Liberties and Civil Rights |
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86 | (50) |
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Civil Liberties: Nationalizing the Bill of Rights |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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Analyzing the Evidence Is the Public Willing to Trade Off Civil Liberties for Public Health? |
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90 | (2) |
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92 | (1) |
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In Brief The Bill of Rights |
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92 | (3) |
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The Constitutional Revolution in Civil Liberties |
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95 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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The First Amendment and Freedom of Religion |
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96 | (3) |
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The First Amendment and Freedom of Speech and the Press |
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99 | (6) |
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The Second Amendment and the Right to Bear Arms |
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105 | (2) |
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Rights of the Criminally Accused |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (2) |
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111 | (1) |
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The Struggle for Voting Rights |
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112 | (3) |
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Racial Discrimination after the Fourteenth Amendment |
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115 | (3) |
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Timeplot Action and Reaction in the Civil Rights Movement |
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118 | (3) |
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121 | (2) |
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123 | (3) |
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The Policy Principle Transgender Rights and Policy |
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126 | (7) |
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133 | (2) |
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135 | (1) |
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Chapter Five Congress: The First Branch |
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136 | (38) |
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139 | (1) |
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House and Senate: Differences in Representation |
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140 | (2) |
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In Brief Major Differences between Members of the House and the Senate |
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142 | (1) |
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Ideology: Political Ideas and Beliefs |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (5) |
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The Organization of Congress |
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148 | (1) |
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Party Leadership and Organization in the House and the Senate |
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148 | (2) |
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150 | (2) |
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The Staff System: Staffers and Agencies |
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152 | (1) |
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Informal Organization: The Caucuses |
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153 | (1) |
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Rules of Lawmaking: How a Bill Becomes a Law |
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153 | (2) |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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Conference Committee: Reconciling House and Senate Versions of a Bill |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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Timeplot Acts Passed by Congress, 1789--2021 |
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158 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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158 | (2) |
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160 | (2) |
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Analyzing the Evidence How Representative Is Congress? |
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162 | (4) |
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Weighing Diverse Influences |
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166 | (1) |
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In Brief Party Discipline |
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166 | (1) |
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Beyond Legislation: Additional Congressional Powers |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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The Policy Principle Congress and the Opioid Epidemic |
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168 | (1) |
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Advice and Consent: Special Senate Powers |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (3) |
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Chapter Six The Presidency |
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174 | (32) |
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The Constitutional Origins and Powers of the Presidency |
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176 | (2) |
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178 | (1) |
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In Brief Expressed Powers of the Presidency |
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179 | (5) |
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Timeplot Presidential Vetoes, 1789--2022 |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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The Policy Principle The President's Veto Power |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (2) |
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The Rise of Presidential Government |
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189 | (1) |
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The Legislative Epoch, 1800--1933 |
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189 | (1) |
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Analyzing the Evidence How Powerful Is the U.S. Presidency? |
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190 | (2) |
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The New Deal and the Presidency |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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Formal Resources of Presidential Power |
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193 | (3) |
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The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power |
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196 | (4) |
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200 | (3) |
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The Limits of Presidential Power |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (2) |
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Chapter Seven The Executive Branch |
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206 | (32) |
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How Does Bureaucracy Work? |
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208 | (1) |
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Bureaucratic Organization Enhances Efficiency |
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209 | (1) |
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Bureaucracies Enable Governments to Operate |
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209 | (1) |
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Bureaucrats Implement and Interpret Laws |
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210 | (2) |
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Bureaucracies Serve Politicians |
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212 | (1) |
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How Is the Executive Branch Organized? |
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213 | (2) |
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215 | (1) |
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In Brief Types of Government Agencies |
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216 | (1) |
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Agencies for Revenue and Security |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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The Problem of Bureaucratic Control |
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220 | (1) |
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220 | (2) |
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The Bureaucracy and the Principal-Agent Problem |
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222 | (1) |
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The President as Manager in Chief |
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223 | (1) |
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The Policy Principle The EPA: Regulating Clean Air |
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224 | (2) |
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Analyzing the Evidence What Explains Vacancies in Presidential Appointments? |
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226 | (2) |
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228 | (1) |
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Reforming the Bureaucracy |
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229 | (2) |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (2) |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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In Brief How the Three Branches Regulate Bureaucracy |
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236 | (2) |
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Chapter Eight The Federal Courts |
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238 | (34) |
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240 | (2) |
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In Brief Types of Laws and Disputes |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (4) |
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251 | (1) |
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Judicial Review of Acts of Congress |
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251 | (2) |
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Judicial Review of State Actions |
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253 | (1) |
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Judicial Review of Federal Agency Actions |
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253 | (1) |
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The Policy Principle Changing Judicial Direction: Gay Marriage |
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254 | (1) |
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Judicial Review and Presidential Power |
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255 | (1) |
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Judicial Review and Lawmaking |
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256 | (1) |
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The Supreme Court in Action |
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257 | (1) |
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How Cases Reach the Supreme Court |
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257 | (4) |
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Controlling the Flow of Cases: The Role of the Solicitor General |
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261 | (1) |
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The Supreme Court's Procedures |
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261 | (3) |
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264 | (2) |
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Analyzing the Evidence What Role Does Ideology Play on the Supreme Court? |
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266 | (3) |
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269 | (3) |
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PART 3 DEMOCRATIC POLITICS |
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Chapter Nine Public Opinion and the Media |
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272 | (36) |
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274 | (2) |
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Origins and Nature of Public Opinion |
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276 | (1) |
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Foundations of Preferences |
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276 | (1) |
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In Brief Origins of Individual Opinion |
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277 | (2) |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (4) |
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Timeplot Immigration by Continent of Origin |
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284 | (4) |
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Knowledge and Instability in Public Opinion |
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288 | (1) |
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Political Knowledge and Democracy |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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Shaping Opinion: Political Leaders, Private Groups, and the Media |
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290 | (1) |
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In Brief Influences on Public Opinion |
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291 | (1) |
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Government and Political Leaders |
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291 | (1) |
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Analyzing the Evidence What Are the Political Consequences of Entertainment Media? |
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292 | (3) |
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295 | (1) |
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The Policy Principle Public Opinion on Climate Change |
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296 | (1) |
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297 | (1) |
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The Media as an Institution |
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297 | (1) |
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298 | (3) |
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301 | (1) |
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Sources of Media Influence |
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302 | (2) |
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304 | (4) |
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308 | (46) |
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Institutions of Elections |
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310 | (1) |
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The Policy Principle Election Administration and Automatic Voter Registration |
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311 | (1) |
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Timeplot The Growth of the U.S. Electorate, 1790-2020 |
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312 | (1) |
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Who Can Vote: Defining the Electorate |
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313 | (4) |
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In Brief Determining Who Votes |
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317 | (3) |
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How Americans Vote: The Ballot |
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320 | (1) |
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Where Americans Vote: Electoral Districts |
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321 | (4) |
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What It Takes to Win: Plurality Rule |
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325 | (2) |
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In Brief Who Wins? Translating Voters' Choices into Electoral Outcomes |
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327 | (1) |
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Direct Democracy: The Referendum and Recall |
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327 | (2) |
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329 | (1) |
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329 | (1) |
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330 | (2) |
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332 | (1) |
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Candidate Characteristics |
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333 | (1) |
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In Brief How Voters Decide |
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333 | (1) |
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Analyzing the Evidence How Does the Economy Influence Presidential Elections? |
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334 | (3) |
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Campaigns: Money, Media, and Grass Roots |
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337 | (5) |
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The 2020 and 2022 Elections |
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342 | (1) |
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342 | (2) |
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The Presidential Primaries |
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344 | (1) |
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345 | (1) |
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The Congressional Elections |
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345 | (2) |
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2022 Not an Average Midterm Election |
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347 | (4) |
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351 | (3) |
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Chapter Eleven Political Parties |
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354 | (38) |
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356 | (1) |
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Why Do Political Parties Form? |
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356 | (1) |
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357 | (1) |
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357 | (2) |
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359 | (1) |
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Facilitating Electoral Choice |
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360 | (1) |
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Influencing National Government |
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361 | (1) |
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The Policy Principle Party Coalitions and Abortion Policy |
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362 | (1) |
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363 | (1) |
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364 | (1) |
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365 | (1) |
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Parties in the Electorate |
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366 | (1) |
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366 | (2) |
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Analyzing the Evidence What Motivates Political Engagement among Young People? |
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368 | (3) |
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371 | (2) |
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373 | (1) |
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Contemporary Party Organizations |
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374 | (2) |
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376 | (2) |
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378 | (1) |
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The First Party System: Federalists and Democratic-Republicans |
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378 | (2) |
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The Second Party System: Democrats and Whigs |
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380 | (2) |
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The Third Party System: Republicans and Democrats, 1860--1896 |
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382 | (1) |
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The Fourth Party System, 1896--1932 |
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382 | (1) |
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The Fifth Party System: The New Deal Coalition, 1932--1968 |
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383 | (1) |
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The Sixth Party System, 1968--Present |
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384 | (1) |
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385 | (1) |
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Timeplot Parties' Share of Electoral Votes, 1789--2020 |
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386 | (4) |
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390 | (2) |
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Chapter Twelve Groups and Organized Interests |
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392 | (32) |
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What Is an Organized Interest? |
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395 | (1) |
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The Policy Principle The Influence of Local Interest Groups |
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396 | (1) |
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Structure-Based Interests |
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397 | (1) |
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Individual-Based Interests |
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398 | (1) |
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Upper-Class Bias in Structure- and Individual-Based Interests |
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399 | (2) |
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How Do Interests Organize Themselves for Action? |
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401 | (1) |
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How Do Organized Interests Facilitate Cooperation for the Common Good? |
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402 | (1) |
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How Have Groups Organized Themselves for Action over Time? |
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403 | (2) |
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In Brief The Character of Interest Groups |
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405 | (1) |
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Analyzing the Evidence Who's Funding Google's PAC? |
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406 | (2) |
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How Do Organized Interests Influence Politics and Policy? |
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408 | (1) |
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409 | (4) |
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413 | (3) |
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416 | (2) |
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Timeplot Total Outside Spending, Liberal versus Conservative, 1990-2022 |
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418 | (3) |
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In Brief Interest Group Strategies |
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421 | (1) |
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421 | (3) |
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Chapter Thirteen Economic and Social Policy |
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424 | (46) |
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426 | (1) |
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How Does Government Make a Market Economy Possible? |
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426 | (1) |
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Conditions Required for a Market Economy |
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426 | (3) |
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The Goals of Economic Policy |
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429 | (1) |
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429 | (1) |
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Promoting Economic Prosperity |
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430 | (2) |
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Promoting Business Development |
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432 | (1) |
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Protecting Employees and Consumers |
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432 | (1) |
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The Tools of Economic Policy |
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433 | (1) |
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The Policy Principle Regulating Payday Lenders |
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434 | (1) |
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435 | (2) |
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437 | (3) |
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Timeplot Government Revenue by Source, 1790-2020 |
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440 | (4) |
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Other Economic Policy Tools |
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444 | (4) |
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Who Influences Economic Policy? |
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448 | (1) |
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449 | (1) |
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The Historical Development of U.S. Social Policy |
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450 | (3) |
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The Foundations of the Social Welfare State |
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453 | (1) |
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453 | (2) |
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455 | (1) |
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Analyzing the Evidence Fixing Social Security? |
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456 | (2) |
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458 | (1) |
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459 | (3) |
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How Can Government Create Opportunity? |
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462 | (1) |
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Elementary and Secondary Education Policy |
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462 | (2) |
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464 | (2) |
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Support for and Opposition to Social Policy |
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466 | (1) |
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467 | (3) |
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Chapter Fourteen Foreign Policy |
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470 | (2) |
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The Goals of Foreign Policy |
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472 | (1) |
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472 | (5) |
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477 | (1) |
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International Humanitarian Policies |
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478 | (2) |
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Who Makes and Shapes Foreign Policy? |
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480 | (1) |
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481 | (1) |
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The Policy Principle The Use of Private Military Contractors |
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482 | (1) |
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483 | (1) |
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483 | (1) |
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484 | (2) |
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In Brief Makers and Shapers of Foreign Policy |
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486 | (1) |
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486 | (1) |
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The Instruments of Modern American Foreign Policy |
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487 | (1) |
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487 | (1) |
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488 | (1) |
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The International Monetary Structure |
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489 | (1) |
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Timeplot Foreign Aid: Economic and Military Assistance, 1980--2020 |
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490 | (1) |
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Economic Aid and Sanctions |
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490 | (2) |
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492 | (2) |
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494 | (1) |
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495 | (1) |
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Analyzing the Evidence What Affects Public Support for Military Action? |
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496 | (2) |
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|
498 | |
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1 | (1) |
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The Declaration of Independence |
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3 | (4) |
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The Articles of Confederation |
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7 | (6) |
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The Constitution of the United States of America |
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13 | (10) |
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Amendments to the Constitution |
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23 | (10) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (4) |
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37 | |
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1 | (1) |
Glossary |
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1 | (1) |
Credits |
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1 | (1) |
Index |
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1 | |