Preface |
|
xxii | |
Acknowledgments |
|
xxvi | |
|
|
|
1 Five Principles of Pontics |
|
|
2 | (28) |
|
Making Sense of Qovernment and Politics |
|
|
4 | (2) |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
Five Principles of Politics |
|
|
6 | (15) |
|
The Rationality Principle: All Political Behavior Has a Purpose |
|
|
7 | (2) |
|
The Institution Principle: Institutions Structure Politics |
|
|
9 | (4) |
|
The Collective Action Principle: All Politics Is Collective Action |
|
|
13 | (5) |
|
The Policy Principle: Political Outcomes Are the Products of Individual Preferences, Institutional Procedures, and Collective Action |
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
The History Principle: How We Got Here Matters |
|
|
19 | (2) |
|
Conclusion: Preparing to Analyze the American Political System |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
|
22 | (2) |
|
Analyzing The Evidence Making Sense of Charts and Graphs |
|
|
24 | (6) |
|
2 Constructing a Government: The Founding and the Constitution |
|
|
30 | (42) |
|
The First Founding: Interests and Conflicts |
|
|
32 | (6) |
|
British Taxes and Colonial Interests |
|
|
33 | (2) |
|
Political Strife and the Radicalizing of the Colonists |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
The Declaration of Independence |
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
The Articles of Confederation |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
The Second Founding: From Compromise to Constitution |
|
|
38 | (4) |
|
International Standing, Economic Difficulties, and Balance of Power |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
|
39 | (1) |
|
|
40 | (1) |
|
The Constitutional Convention |
|
|
40 | (2) |
|
Timeplot Representation in Congress: States' Ranks |
|
|
42 | (4) |
|
|
46 | (2) |
|
|
47 | (1) |
|
The Policy Principle The Constitution and Policy Outcomes |
|
|
48 | (4) |
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
Analyzing The Evidence Constitutional Engineering: How Many Veto Gates? |
|
|
52 | (5) |
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
Amending the Constitution |
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
Ratifying the Constitution |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
Constitutional Limits on the National Government's Power |
|
|
55 | (2) |
|
The Fight for Ratification: Federalists versus Antifederalists |
|
|
57 | (5) |
|
|
59 | (1) |
|
|
59 | (2) |
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
Changing the Institutional Framework: Constitutional Amendment |
|
|
62 | (6) |
|
Amendments: Many Are Called, Few Are Chosen |
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
The Twenty-Seven Amendments |
|
|
63 | (5) |
|
Conclusion: Reflections on the Founding--Ideals or Interests? |
|
|
68 | (2) |
|
|
70 | (2) |
|
3 Federalism and the Separation of Powers |
|
|
72 | (34) |
|
Who Does What? Federalism and Institutional Jurisdictions |
|
|
74 | (4) |
|
Why Keep the States? The Importance of History |
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
Federalism in the Constitution: Who Decides What |
|
|
75 | (3) |
|
Analyzing The Evidence State Policies on Renewable Energy |
|
|
78 | (6) |
|
The Slow Growth of the National Government's Power |
|
|
81 | (3) |
|
Timeplot Federal and State/Local Spending, 1930-2019 |
|
|
84 | (10) |
|
Cooperative Federalism and Grants-in-Aid: Institutions Shape Policies |
|
|
84 | (4) |
|
Regulated Federalism and National Standards |
|
|
88 | (2) |
|
New Federalism and the National-State Tug-of-War |
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
The Supreme Court as Referee |
|
|
91 | (3) |
|
The Policy Principle Federal vs. State Marijuana Laws |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
|
95 | (7) |
|
Checks and Balances: A System of Mutual Vetoes |
|
|
95 | (2) |
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
The Rationality Principle at Work |
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
The Role of the Supreme Court: Establishing Decision Rules |
|
|
99 | (3) |
|
Conclusion: Federalism and the Separation of Powers--Collective Action or Stalemate? |
|
|
102 | (2) |
|
|
104 | (2) |
|
|
106 | (46) |
|
Origins of the Bill of Rights |
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
Nationalizing the Bill of Rights |
|
|
109 | (7) |
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
|
111 | (4) |
|
The Constitutional Revolution in Civil Liberties |
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
|
116 | (4) |
|
The First Amendment and Freedom of Religion |
|
|
117 | (3) |
|
Analyzing The Evidence Americans' Attitudes toward Church and State |
|
|
120 | (20) |
|
The First Amendment and Freedom of Speech and the Press |
|
|
123 | (10) |
|
The Second Amendment and the Right to Bear Arms |
|
|
133 | (2) |
|
Rights of the Criminally Accused |
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
The Fourth Amendment and Searches and Seizures |
|
|
136 | (3) |
|
The Fifth Amendment and Criminal Proceedings |
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
The Policy Principle The Fourth Amendment and Government Surveillance |
|
|
140 | (9) |
|
The Sixth Amendment and the Right to Counsel |
|
|
142 | (1) |
|
The Eighth Amendment and Cruel and Unusual Punishment |
|
|
143 | (2) |
|
The Right to Privacy and the Constitution |
|
|
145 | (4) |
|
Conclusion: Civil Liberties and Collective Action |
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
|
150 | (2) |
|
|
152 | (42) |
|
|
155 | (3) |
|
The Struggle for Civil Rights |
|
|
158 | (12) |
|
|
159 | (4) |
|
Racial Discrimination from the Nineteenth Century until Today |
|
|
163 | (5) |
|
|
168 | (2) |
|
Timeplot Cause and Effect in the Civil Rights Movement |
|
|
170 | (4) |
|
|
174 | (5) |
|
Outlawing Discrimination in Employment |
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
Women and Gender Discrimination |
|
|
176 | (2) |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
The Policy Principle Transgender Rights and Policy |
|
|
179 | (7) |
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
|
181 | (2) |
|
Americans with Disabilities |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
|
184 | (2) |
|
|
186 | (3) |
|
The Supreme Court and the Standard of Review |
|
|
186 | (3) |
|
Conclusion: Civil Liberties and Civil Rights--Regulating Collective Action |
|
|
189 | (1) |
|
Analyzing The Evidence Is the Public Principled or Prejudiced When It Comes to Affirmative Action? |
|
|
190 | (2) |
|
|
192 | (2) |
|
|
|
6 Congress: The First Branch |
|
|
194 | (62) |
|
|
196 | (16) |
|
House and Senate: Differences in Representation |
|
|
200 | (2) |
|
|
202 | (10) |
|
Problems of Legislative Organization |
|
|
212 | (2) |
|
|
213 | (1) |
|
Analyzing The Evidence How Representative Is Congress? |
|
|
214 | (3) |
|
Underlying Problems and Challenges |
|
|
216 | (1) |
|
The Organization of Congress |
|
|
217 | (13) |
|
Party Leadership and Organization in the House and the Senate |
|
|
217 | (4) |
|
The Committee System: The Core of Congress |
|
|
221 | (8) |
|
The Staff System: Staffers and Agencies |
|
|
229 | (1) |
|
Informal Organization: The Caucuses |
|
|
230 | (1) |
|
Rules of Lawmaking: How a Bill Becomes a Law |
|
|
230 | (8) |
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
|
231 | (2) |
|
Conference Committee: Reconciling House and Senate Versions of a Bill |
|
|
233 | (1) |
|
|
233 | (2) |
|
Procedures in Congress: Regular and Unorthodox |
|
|
235 | (2) |
|
The Distributive Tendency in Congress |
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
Timeplot Acts Passed by Congress, 1789-2019 |
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
|
239 | (2) |
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
The Policy Principle Congress and the Opioid Epidemic |
|
|
241 | (8) |
|
|
243 | (5) |
|
Weighing Diverse Influences |
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
Beyond Legislation: Additional Congressional Powers |
|
|
249 | (2) |
|
Advice and Consent: Special Senate Powers |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
Conclusion: Power and Representation |
|
|
251 | (2) |
|
|
253 | (3) |
|
7 The Presidency as an Institution |
|
|
256 | (50) |
|
The Constitutional Origins and Powers of the Presidency |
|
|
258 | (10) |
|
|
260 | (8) |
|
Timeplot Presidential Vetoes, 1789-2020 |
|
|
268 | (3) |
|
|
270 | (1) |
|
The Policy Principle President Trump's Border Wall |
|
|
271 | (5) |
|
|
273 | (3) |
|
The Rise of Presidential Government |
|
|
276 | (3) |
|
The Legislative Epoch, 1800-1933 |
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
The New Deal and the Presidency |
|
|
278 | (1) |
|
|
279 | (15) |
|
The Formal Resources of Presidential Power |
|
|
280 | (5) |
|
The Contemporary Bases of Presidential Power |
|
|
285 | (7) |
|
|
292 | (2) |
|
Analyzing The Evidence Unilateral Action and Presidential Power |
|
|
294 | (6) |
|
The Limits of Presidential Power |
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
Conclusion: Presidential Power--Myths and Realities |
|
|
300 | (4) |
|
|
304 | (2) |
|
|
306 | (38) |
|
|
309 | (6) |
|
Bureaucratic Organization Enhances the Efficient Operation of Government |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
Bureaucrats Fulfill Important Roles |
|
|
312 | (2) |
|
Bureaucracies Serve Politicians |
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
How Is the Executive Branch Organized? |
|
|
315 | (7) |
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
Agencies for the Maintenance of the Union |
|
|
318 | (2) |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
Agencies of Redistribution |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
The Problem of Bureaucratic Control |
|
|
322 | (5) |
|
Motivational Considerations of Bureaucrats |
|
|
323 | (2) |
|
Bureaucracy and the Principal-Agent Problem |
|
|
325 | (2) |
|
The Policy Principle The EPA: Regulating Clean Air |
|
|
327 | (3) |
|
The President as Manager-in-Chief |
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
Analyzing The Evidence Explaining Vacancies In Presidential Appointments |
|
|
330 | (5) |
|
Congressional Oversight and Incentives |
|
|
332 | (3) |
|
Reforming the Bureaucracy |
|
|
335 | (6) |
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
|
338 | (2) |
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
Conclusion: Public Bureaucracies and Politics |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
342 | (2) |
|
|
344 | (48) |
|
|
347 | (2) |
|
The Organization of the Court System |
|
|
349 | (11) |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
|
350 | (2) |
|
|
352 | (2) |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
|
356 | (4) |
|
How Courts Work as Political Institutions |
|
|
360 | (2) |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
The Power of Judicial Review |
|
|
362 | (6) |
|
Judicial Review of Acts of Congress |
|
|
362 | (2) |
|
Judicial Review of State Actions |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
Judicial Review of Federal Agency Actions |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
Judicial Review and Presidential Power |
|
|
365 | (2) |
|
Judicial Review and Lawmaking |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
The Supreme Court in Action |
|
|
368 | (9) |
|
How Cases Reach the Supreme Court |
|
|
369 | (4) |
|
Controlling the Flow of Cases |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
The Supreme Court's Procedures |
|
|
374 | (3) |
|
|
377 | (5) |
|
The Supreme Court Justices |
|
|
377 | (3) |
|
Other Institutions of Government |
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
The Implementation of Supreme Court Decisions |
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
Analyzing The Evidence Ideological Voting on the Supreme Court |
|
|
382 | (4) |
|
Strategic Behavior in the Supreme Court |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
The Policy Principle Changing Judicial Direction: Gay Marriage |
|
|
386 | (3) |
|
Conclusion: The Expanding Power of the Judiciary |
|
|
389 | (2) |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
PART 3 DEMOCRATIC POLITICS |
|
|
|
|
392 | (54) |
|
|
394 | (8) |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
|
397 | (5) |
|
Analyzing The Evidence Is the Public as Polarized as Congress? |
|
|
402 | (2) |
|
Origins and Nature of Opinion |
|
|
404 | (8) |
|
Foundations of Preferences |
|
|
404 | (4) |
|
|
408 | (2) |
|
|
410 | (2) |
|
Timeplot Immigration by Continent of Origin |
|
|
412 | (8) |
|
Public Opinion and Political Knowledge |
|
|
420 | (6) |
|
Political Knowledge and Preference Stability |
|
|
420 | (4) |
|
Stability and the Meaning of Public Opinion |
|
|
424 | (2) |
|
Shaping Opinion: Political Leaders, Private Groups, and the Media |
|
|
426 | (3) |
|
Government and the Shaping of Public Opinion |
|
|
426 | (2) |
|
Private Groups and the Shaping of Public Opinion |
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
The Policy Principle Public Opinion on Climate Change |
|
|
429 | (4) |
|
The Media and Public Opinion |
|
|
430 | (3) |
|
|
433 | (7) |
|
Constructing Public Opinion from Surveys |
|
|
434 | (6) |
|
How Does Public Opinion Influence Government Policy? |
|
|
440 | (2) |
|
Conclusion: Government and the Will of the People |
|
|
442 | (2) |
|
|
444 | (2) |
|
|
446 | (64) |
|
Institutions of Elections |
|
|
448 | (2) |
|
The Policy Principle Election Administration and Automatic Voter Registration |
|
|
450 | (2) |
|
Who Can Vote: Defining the Electorate |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
Timeplot The Growth of the U.S. Electorate, 1790-2018 |
|
|
452 | (22) |
|
How Americans Vote: The Ballot |
|
|
460 | (2) |
|
Where Americans Vote: Electoral Districts |
|
|
462 | (7) |
|
What It Takes to Win: Plurality Rule |
|
|
469 | (3) |
|
Direct Democracy: The Referendum and the Recall |
|
|
472 | (2) |
|
|
474 | (10) |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
|
476 | (4) |
|
|
480 | (4) |
|
Analyzing The Evidence Economic Influence on Presidential Elections |
|
|
484 | (4) |
|
Candidate Characteristics |
|
|
486 | (2) |
|
Campaigns: Money, Media, and Grass Roots |
|
|
488 | (8) |
|
|
488 | (2) |
|
|
490 | (3) |
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
Effectiveness of Campaigns |
|
|
494 | (2) |
|
|
496 | (11) |
|
|
496 | (3) |
|
The Presidential Primaries |
|
|
499 | (2) |
|
|
501 | (2) |
|
The Congressional Elections |
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
|
504 | (2) |
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
Conclusion: Elections and Accountability |
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
|
508 | (2) |
|
|
510 | (52) |
|
Why Do Political Parties Form? |
|
|
513 | (4) |
|
To Facilitate Collective Action in the Electoral Process |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
To Resolve Problems of Collective Choice in Government |
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
To Deal with the Problem of Ambition |
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
The Policy Principle Party Coalitions and Abortion Policy |
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
What Functions Do Parties Perform? |
|
|
518 | (7) |
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
|
519 | (2) |
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
Facilitating Electoral Choice |
|
|
522 | (1) |
|
Influencing National Government |
|
|
523 | (2) |
|
|
525 | (2) |
|
Parties in the Electorate |
|
|
527 | (3) |
|
|
527 | (3) |
|
Analyzing The Evidence What Motivates Political Engagement among Young People? |
|
|
530 | (7) |
|
|
533 | (4) |
|
|
537 | (5) |
|
Contemporary Party Organizations |
|
|
538 | (3) |
|
The Contemporary Party as Service Provider to Candidates |
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
|
542 | (12) |
|
The First Party System: Federalists and Democratic-Republicans |
|
|
544 | (2) |
|
The Second Party System: Democrats and Whigs |
|
|
546 | (2) |
|
The Third Party System: Republicans and Democrats: 1860-1896 |
|
|
548 | (2) |
|
The Fourth Party System, 1892-1932 |
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
The Fifth Party System: The New Deal Coalition, 1932-1968 |
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
The Sixth Party System: 1968-Present |
|
|
551 | (3) |
|
Timeplot Parties' Share of Electoral Votes, 1789-2020 |
|
|
554 | (6) |
|
|
557 | (3) |
|
Conclusion: Parties and Democracy |
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
|
562 | (42) |
|
What Are the Characteristics of Interest Groups? |
|
|
564 | (4) |
|
Interest Groups Not Only Enhance Democracy |
|
|
565 | (1) |
|
...But Also Represent the Evils of Faction |
|
|
565 | (1) |
|
Organized Interests Are Predominantly Economic |
|
|
566 | (2) |
|
The Policy Principle The Mortgage Interest Tax Deduction |
|
|
568 | (4) |
|
Most Groups Require Members, Money, and Leadership |
|
|
569 | (1) |
|
Group Membership Has an Upper-Class Bias |
|
|
569 | (1) |
|
Groups Reflect Changes in the Political Environment |
|
|
570 | (2) |
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
How and Why Do Interest Groups Form? |
|
|
572 | (8) |
|
Interest Groups Facilitate Cooperation |
|
|
574 | (3) |
|
Selective Benefits: A Solution to the Collective Action Problem |
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
Political Entrepreneurs Organize and Maintain Groups |
|
|
578 | (2) |
|
Analyzing The Evidence Who's Funding Google's PAC? |
|
|
580 | (2) |
|
How Do Interest Groups Influence Policy? |
|
|
582 | (14) |
|
|
582 | (6) |
|
|
588 | (2) |
|
Mobilizing Public Opinion |
|
|
590 | (4) |
|
|
594 | (2) |
|
Timeplot Total Outside Spending, Liberal vs. Conservative, 1990-2020 |
|
|
596 | (4) |
|
Are Interest Groups Effective? |
|
|
599 | (1) |
|
Conclusion: Interest Group Influence in U.S. Politics |
|
|
600 | (2) |
|
|
602 | (2) |
|
|
604 | (4) |
|
The Media as a Political Institution |
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
|
608 | (9) |
|
|
617 | (1) |
|
Analyzing The Evidence Where Do Americans Get News about Politics? |
|
|
618 | (4) |
|
What Affects News Coverage? |
|
|
622 | (10) |
|
|
622 | (4) |
|
|
626 | (3) |
|
|
629 | (3) |
|
|
632 | (3) |
|
|
633 | (2) |
|
The Policy Principle Who Runs the Internet? |
|
|
635 | (5) |
|
Censorship and Freedom of the Press |
|
|
636 | (1) |
|
Organization and Ownership of the Media |
|
|
637 | (3) |
|
Conclusion: Media Power and Responsibility |
|
|
640 | (2) |
|
|
642 | |
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
The Declaration of Independence |
|
|
3 | (4) |
|
The Articles of Confederation |
|
|
7 | (6) |
|
The Constitution of the United States of America |
|
|
13 | (11) |
|
Amendments to the Constitution |
|
|
24 | (10) |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
|
34 | (5) |
|
|
39 | |
Glossary |
|
1 | (1) |
Credits |
|
1 | (1) |
Index |
|
1 | |