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American Public Policy: An Introduction 11th edition [Minkštas viršelis]

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(Texas Tech University), (Texas Tech University), (Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville), (Texas Tech University), (Arizona State University), (Abt Associates Inc.)
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 560 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 22x160x231 mm, weight: 748 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 01-Jan-2015
  • Leidėjas: Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc
  • ISBN-10: 128586977X
  • ISBN-13: 9781285869773
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 560 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 22x160x231 mm, weight: 748 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 01-Jan-2015
  • Leidėjas: Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc
  • ISBN-10: 128586977X
  • ISBN-13: 9781285869773
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
AMERICAN PUBLIC POLICY: AN INTRODUCTION engages readers with a unique emphasis on specific, substantive issues of public policy. The book draws readers into American public policies by presenting their historical context and prompting them to evaluate and discuss possible alternatives. It also kindles discussion that helps make public policy personal as readers apply their knowledge to real-life policies.
Preface xv
About The Authors xx
Chapter 1 Public Policy: An Introduction 1(18)
Studying Public Policy
1(6)
What Constitutes Public Policy?
1(2)
Why Study Public Policy?
3(1)
Reasons for the Growing Pervasiveness of Public Policy
3(1)
Policy Impact: The Frequent Failure of Public Policies to Achieve Their Goals
4(3)
Defining Major Concepts
7(11)
Models of the Policy Process
8(1)
Policy Analysis
9(1)
Stages of Policy Development
10(3)
Aspects of Policy Evaluation
13(5)
Summary
18(1)
Resources
18(1)
Chapter 2 Contexts of Public Policy 19(19)
The Institutional Context
19(11)
Intergovernmental Relations
21(3)
Participants in Intergovernmental Relations
24(1)
Contemporary Intergovernmental Realities
25(1)
Forms of Intergovernmental Interaction
25(1)
Changing Intergovernmental Relations
26(3)
Whither Federalism?
29(1)
The Economic Context
30(1)
The Demographic Context
30(3)
The Ideological Context
33(3)
The Cultural Context
36(1)
Summary
37(1)
Resources
37(1)
Chapter 3 The Economy: Changing Government-Business Relationships 38(30)
Issue Background: Key Concepts in Economics
38(10)
The Free-Enterprise System
39(3)
History of Government's Role
42(2)
Inflation and Recession
44(1)
Microeconomic Approaches
44(4)
Contemporary Policy: Purposes and Tools of Economic Intervention
48(9)
Protecting Citizens and Consumers
48(4)
Maintaining a Sound Economy
52(1)
Sustaining Economic Activity
52(2)
International Trade
54(3)
Policy Evaluation: Encouraging Competition or Discouraging Innovation?
57(6)
Deregulation
57(1)
Free Trade
58(1)
Assistance to Business
58(2)
Effects of Regulation
60(1)
Changes in Regulation
61(2)
Continuing Debates
63(4)
Alternative Approaches
64(3)
Summary
67(1)
Resources
67(1)
Chapter 4 Economic Issues: Taxing, Spending, and Budgeting 68(23)
Issue Background: Concepts and Issues
68(4)
Macroeconomic Approaches
70(2)
Contemporary Policy: Approaches to Managing the Economy
72(5)
Traditional Economic Theory
72(1)
Supply-Side Economics
72(1)
Budget Deficits
73(2)
Tax Reform
75(1)
Economic Policy Obstacles
76(1)
Policy Evaluation: Success or Failure?
77(6)
Inflation and Growth
78(1)
Fiscal Policy
79(2)
Federal Revenues and Spending
81(1)
Fiscal Policy Evaluation
82(1)
Defense Spending
83(1)
Continuing Debates: Spending, Taxes, the Deficit, and Economic Stimulus Programs
83(6)
Policy Conflict over the Federal Spending to Stimulate the Economy: TARP and ARRA
85(1)
Taxes
85(1)
Fiscal Cliff
86(1)
Budget Deficit and National Debt
87(1)
Monetary Policy
88(1)
Balanced Budget Amendment
88(1)
Line Item Veto
88(1)
Entitlement Programs
89(1)
Energy Costs
89(1)
Homeland Security
89(1)
Summary
89(1)
Resources
90(1)
Chapter 5 Energy and Environmental Policies: Policy Instability 91(41)
Energy Policy Issue Background: Complacency and Crisis
91(4)
Traditional Energy Policy
91(2)
Western Vulnerability: OPEC and the Arab Oil Embargo
93(2)
Contemporary Policy: A Cycle of Complacency, Crisis, and Concern
95(6)
Energy Problems Emerge
95(2)
Global Dependence on Fossil Fuels
97(2)
Energy Policy after 1973 Energy Policy after 1980
99(1)
Energy Policy after 2000
100(1)
Policy Evaluation: Continued Fossil Fuel Dependence
101(9)
Alternatives to Fossil Fuels
102(2)
Nuclear Power
104(3)
Political Impact of Continued Oil Dependence
107(3)
Continuing Debates: Energy Policy Concern
110(3)
Renewed Concern
111(2)
Environmental Policy
113(1)
Issue Background: A Legacy of Environmental Abuse
113(7)
Air Pollution
113(3)
Water and Solid-Waste Pollution
116(1)
Toxic and Hazardous Waste
117(2)
Acid Rain
119(1)
The Environmental Legacy
120(1)
Contemporary Environmental Policy
120(2)
Water-Pollution Policy
120(1)
Air-Pollution Policy
121(1)
The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
121(1)
Policy Evaluation: Searching for Direction
122(3)
Current Policy Direction and Values
122(2)
Public Environmental Concern
124(1)
The Politics of Regulation
124(1)
Enforcement Problems
125(1)
Continuing Debates: Unresolved Policy Issues
125(5)
International Treaties
125(1)
Self Regulation of the Market
126(1)
Taxes and Legal Action
126(1)
The Role of State Governments
127(1)
Public Attitudes
128(1)
Energy and the Environment
128(2)
Summary
130(1)
Resources
130(2)
Energy Policy-Related Websites
130(1)
Environmental Policy-Related Websites
131(1)
Chapter 6 Crime and Criminal Justice: Dilemmas of Social Control 132(61)
Issue Background: The Growth and Decline of Crime
135(11)
The Extent of Crime
135(6)
Reasons for Crime
141(5)
Issues in Equal Protection and Government Response to Crime
146(4)
Contemporary Policy: Constitutional Rights and Deterrence of Crime
150(15)
Confessions and the Right to Counsel
152(1)
The Exclusionary Rule and Search and Seizure
153(3)
Capital Punishment
156(7)
Technology, Deterrence, and Crime
163(1)
Incarceration Rates
163(2)
Policy Evaluation: Flaws in the Criminal Justice System?
165(10)
Confessions and the Right to Counsel
166(1)
The Exclusionary Rule and Search and Seizure
167(1)
Capital Punishment
168(2)
Is Technology Always Infallible?
170(3)
Conclusion: Crime and Criminal Procedure
173(2)
Continuing Debates: Policy Options for Reducing Crime
175(16)
Drug-Related Crimes
175(1)
Violence against Women
176(2)
Crimes of Violence and Gun Control
178(9)
Decriminalization and Deterrence
187(1)
Strengthening the Police
187(1)
Penal Reform, Sentencing, and Recidivism
188(1)
Zero Tolerance for Petty Street Crime
189(1)
Limiting the Alternatives to Punishment
190(1)
Summary
191(1)
Resources
192(1)
Chapter 7 Poverty and Social Welfare Policy 193(38)
Issue Background: Poverty
193(17)
Defining Poverty
193(4)
How Many Poor?
197(2)
Who Are the Poor?
199(2)
What Causes Poverty?
201(8)
The We fare State
209(1)
Contemporary Policy: Social Insurance and Social Assistance Programs
210(9)
Social Insurance
210(4)
Cash Transfer Programs
214(2)
In-Kind Benefits
216(3)
What Is Missing?
219(1)
Policy Evaluation: Do Social Welfare Policies Reduce Poverty?
219(7)
Accomplishments and Criticisms of Social Insurance
220(1)
Accomplishments and Criticisms of Social Assistance
220(6)
Continuing Debates: Social Welfare Policy Change
226(4)
Children and Poverty
227(1)
Employment Issues
228(2)
Summary
230(1)
Resources
230(1)
Chapter 8 Health Care: Transformation or Continued Crisis? 231(49)
Issue Background: The Changing Health Care System
232(9)
The Structure of American Health Care
232(1)
Quality: How Healthy Is America?
233(3)
Inequities in Access to Health Care
236(2)
High Cost
238(2)
Other Nations
240(1)
Contemporary Policy: Medicare, Medicaid, and the Affordable Care Act
241(15)
Medicare
242(3)
Medicaid
245(1)
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
246(9)
Other Federal Programs
255(1)
Policy Evaluation: Health Care at the Crossroads
256(10)
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
256(6)
Medicare and Medicaid
262(1)
Ideology and the Health Care System
263(3)
Continuing Debates: Reshaping a Complex System
266(13)
Medicare
266(4)
Medicaid and the States
270(1)
Debating the Future of the ACA
271(3)
Controlling the Cost of Health Care
274(2)
Cost Control Measures
276(1)
Beginning and End of Life
277(1)
Reform and Long-Term Care
278(1)
Summary
279(1)
Resources
279(1)
Chapter 9 Education: Conflict in Policy Direction 280(38)
Issue Background: Historical Perspectives and the Onset of Federal Involvement in Education
281(5)
The Tradition of Free Public Education
281(1)
The Tradition of Local Control
281(1)
An Emerging Role for State and Federal Governments
282(1)
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965: Expanding the Federal Policy Role
283(2)
The Federal Role in Higher Education
285(1)
Contemporary Policy: Remedying Social Inequality through Education
286(5)
The Issue of Unequal Financial Resources
287(3)
Equality in Education
290(1)
Educational Inequality Outside the United States
290(1)
Policy Evaluation: Educational Quality in the United States
291(9)
Concern over Poor Student Achievement
291(4)
Questioning Teacher Competency
295(1)
Merit Pay and Master Teachers
296(1)
Bilingual Education
297(1)
Multiculturalism
298(1)
Changing Priorities in Federal Education Policy
299(1)
Continuing Debates: Community Control, Private Schools, a Changing Federal Role, and Conflicting Priorities
300(17)
Community Control and Decentralization
300(1)
The Issue of Private Schools
301(2)
Educational Concern
303(1)
Education Policy Priorities in the Twenty-first Century
304(4)
Education Policy Initiatives of President Obama
308(1)
Unresolved Education Issues: Teachers and Curriculum
309(2)
Unresolved Education Issues: Structural Questions
311(3)
Issues in Higher Education
314(3)
Summary
317(1)
Resources
317(1)
Chapter 10 Legal and Social Equality: The Struggle against Oppression and Bigotry 318(35)
Issue Background: The Idea of Equality
320(10)
Equality under Law
320(5)
Equality of Opportunity
325(3)
Equality of Material Well-Being
328(1)
The Civil Rights Movement and Equality
329(1)
Contemporary Policy: Strengthening Constitutional Guarantees of Equality
330(14)
The Erosion of the Fourteenth Amendment
330(1)
Ending Segregation
331(2)
Enforcing Integration
333(1)
The Struggle for Racial Balance in Employment and Higher Education
333(3)
Equality and the Women's Movement
336(5)
Bias against Homosexuals, the Handicapped, and Native Americans
341(3)
Policy Evaluation: The Drive for Proportional Equality
344(4)
Busing for Racial Balance
345(1)
Retreat on Preference Programs: Weber and Title VII
345(1)
Recent Assaults on Racial and Gender Preference
346(2)
Continuing Debates: The Changing Conception of Equality
348(4)
The Debate over Affirmative Action
348(1)
Equality
349(3)
Summary
352(1)
Resources
352(1)
Chapter 11 Immigration Policy: The Barely Open Door 353(24)
Issue Background: From an Open Door to Increasing Limits
354(6)
The Open Door
354(1)
Use of Quotas
354(4)
Transition to a Preference System
358(1)
Illegal Immigration
359(1)
Contemporary Policy: Responding to Changing Immigration Dynamics
360(6)
Policy Evaluation: Contrasting Perceptions
366(1)
Current Policy Concerns
366(6)
Economic Concerns
366(1)
Impact on Public Services
367(3)
Quality of Life
370(2)
Continuing Debates: Openness or Restriction?
372(4)
Summary
376(1)
Resources
376(1)
Chapter 12 Foreign and Defense Policy: Security and Interests in a Dangerous World 377(40)
Issue Background: Competing Approaches to Foreign Policy
379(11)
Realism or Classical Diplomacy
379(5)
The Balance of Power
384(2)
The American Style in Foreign Policy: Wilsonian Idealism
386(1)
Universal Justice and the Nuremberg Principle
386(2)
Diplomacy, Force, and American Optimism
388(1)
Collective Security and Institutional Solutions to World Conflict
389(1)
Policy Past and Present: Cold War, Containment, and After
390(4)
The Failure of Containment in Vietnam
392(1)
The Search for a Comprehensive Peace in Palestine
393(1)
Policy Evaluation: Realism versus Idealism in the Middle East
394(11)
The Emerging Threat of Iran's Nuclear Ambitions
395(1)
Oil, U.S. Foreign Policy, and the Middle East
396(2)
Palestinian Nationalism
398(6)
American Options in the Area: A Ray of Hope Dashed
404(1)
Continuing Debates: Responding to Terrorism and Nuclear Proliferation
405(9)
Defining Terrorism
406(1)
Options for Confronting Terror
406(4)
The War in Iraq and the Struggle with Terror
410(1)
Prewar Intelligence on WMDs and on a Connection between Iraq and Terrorism
411(2)
Rogue Regimes and WMDs
413(1)
America Faces a Changing Middle East
414(1)
Continuing Debates: Issues on the Foreign Policy Horizon
415(1)
Summary
416(1)
Resources
416(1)
Chapter 13 Private Morality and Public Policy: Moral Values, the Constitution, and the Open Society 417(51)
The Idea of the Open Society
418(9)
The Neopopulism Emergence on the Right and Its Challenge to the Open Society
418(2)
Challenges to the Open Society on the Left
420(1)
The Open Society and Tolerance of Diverse Ideas
421(2)
Community and Family Values versus the Open Society
423(2)
The Courts and Social Policy
425(2)
Abortion, Birth Control, and the Law
427(9)
End-of-Life Care, Assisted Suicide, and the Preservation of Lye
434(2)
The First Amendment and Public Morality: Suppressing Obscenity and Offensive Speech
436(12)
Freedom of Speech
436(2)
Fighting Words and Regulating Insensitive Speech
438(5)
Obscenity and the Marketplace of Ideas
443(1)
Censorship, Obscenity, and the Law: The Roth Rule
444(4)
The Conflict between Pornography and Public Morality
448(18)
Conflict over the Role of Religion in the United States
454(1)
Freedom of, and from, Religion
455(1)
The Establishment Clause
455(7)
The Free Exercise Clause
462(4)
Summary
466(1)
Resources
467(1)
Glossary 468(10)
References 478(28)
Index 506
Clarke E. Cochran retired as Vice-President of Mission Integration at Covenant Health System in Lubbock, Texas, in 2013. He is also Professor Emeritus of Political Science at Texas Tech University, where he specialized in religion and politics, political philosophy, and health care policy. Dr. Cochran received his Ph. D. from Duke University in 1971 and taught at Texas Tech from 1970 to 2007. He is the author of four books and numerous journal articles. Dr. Cochran held the position of Research Fellow in the Erasmus Institute at the University of Notre Dame (19981999) and the Shannon Chair in Catholic Studies at Nazareth College (Spring 2001). His research interests include religious institutions and health care policy, Catholic social theory and health care reform, and church and state controversies. Dr. Mayer is Professor of Political Science at Texas Tech University specializing in Comparative Politics and the Politics of Advanced Western Democracy. In addition to AMERICAN PUBLIC POLICY: AN INTRODUCTION, he is the author of COMPARATIVE POLITICAL INQUIRY, THE POLITICS OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES, REDEFINING COMPARATIVE POLITICS: PROMISE VERSUS PERFORMANCE, COMPARATIVE POLITICS: NATIONS AND THEORIES IN A CHANGING WORLD, COMPARATIVE POLITICS: THE QUEST FOR THEORY AND EXPLANATION, CONFLICTING PERSPECTIVES IN COMPARATIVE POLITICS: A READER, IDENTITY POLITICS: THE EMERGENCE OF NEO VOLKISM IN ADVANCED WESTERN SOCIETIES, and THE CHANGING BASIS OF POLITICAL CONFLICT IN ADVANCED WESTERN DEMOCRACY. His current research is on the determinants of tolerance in western societies. T.R. Carr is Professor of Public Administration and Policy Analysis and Senior Research Fellow in the Institute for Urban Research at Southern Illinois University Edwardsville. He teaches primarily in the area of quantitative methods and policy analysis. In addition to AMERICAN PUBLIC POLICY: AN INTRODUCTION, he has published chapters and articles focusing on public management issues. He is active in academic and professional associations and has served in numerous offices in state and local chapters of the American Society for Public Administration. He serves as a Police Commissioner for St. Louis County, Missouri, and has served as the Mayor of Hazelwood, Missouri. N. Joseph Cayer is Professor Emeritus of Public Administration at Arizona State University. He received his Ph. D. from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and a B.A. and M.P.A. from the University of Colorado, Boulder. He also has taught at Lamar University, the University of Maine, Orono, and Texas Tech University. He is the author or coauthor of seven books and numerous chapters and articles on public management and policy, with an emphasis on issues of human resources management in the public sector. Books he has authored or coauthored include PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: SOCIAL CHANGE AND ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT, AMERICAN PUBLIC POLICY: AN INTRODUCTION, MANAGING HUMAN RESOURCES, HANDBOOK OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT FOR THE PUBLIC SECTOR, and SUPERVISION FOR SUCCESS IN GOVERNMENT. Mark McKenzie is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at Texas Tech University. He specializes in judicial politics, public opinion, and campaigns and elections. Dr. McKenzie received his Ph.D. in government from the University of Texas at Austin in 2007 and a Doctor of Jurisprudence from the University of Texas School of Law in 1998. Between 1998 and 2001 he practiced general litigation in Texas at the law firm of Ross & Matthews. He has published articles in such journals as Judicature, Justice System Journal, Politics and Policy, and American Politics Research. Laura Peck is a Principal Scientist at Abt Associates and has over 18 years of experience evaluating social welfare and employment policies and programs, both in research and academic settings. Prior to joining Abt in 2011, Dr. Peck was a tenured Associate Professor at the Arizona State University School of Public Affairs, where she taught public policy analysis, program evaluation, and research methods; and served as Associate Dean for Barrett, The Honors College. At Abt Associates, Dr. Peck is the Principal Investigator, Co-PI, and Director of Analysis for several major national evaluations for the U.S. Departments of Health and Human Services, Labor, Agriculture, and Housing and Urban Development. She is well-published (and cited) on program evaluation topics in respected journals such as Evaluation Review, the Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, the Policy Studies Journal, and the Journal of Poverty. Dr. Peck was elected to the Policy Council (20122015 term) for the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM); and recently completed her term as Associate Editor (20092013) for the American Journal of Evaluation.