Acknowledgements |
|
xii | |
Contributors |
|
xiii | |
Foreword |
|
xvi | |
Preface |
|
xviii | |
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Chapter 1 Advanced Medical Life Support Assessment for the Medical Patient |
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1 | (54) |
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Therapeutic Communication |
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2 | (2) |
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Effective Verbal and Nonverbal Communication |
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2 | (1) |
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Communicating in Special Situations |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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Scope of Clinical Reasoning |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (39) |
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44 | (2) |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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Special Transport Considerations |
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46 | (2) |
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46 | (2) |
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Special Environmental Considerations |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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Is the AMLS Pathway Also a Checklist? |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (2) |
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Chapter 2 Respiratory Disorders |
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55 | (60) |
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The Respiratory System: Anatomy |
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56 | (5) |
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56 | (2) |
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58 | (1) |
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Musculoskeletal Support of Respiration |
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59 | (2) |
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The Respiratory System: Physiology |
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61 | (17) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (16) |
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Initial and Basic Management Techniques |
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78 | (5) |
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78 | (1) |
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Positive-Pressure Ventilation |
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78 | (1) |
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Invasive Airway Ventilation |
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79 | (3) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (7) |
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83 | (1) |
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Airway and Foreign Body Obstruction |
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84 | (1) |
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84 | (2) |
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Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis |
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86 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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Retropharyngeal and Prevertebral Abscess |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (13) |
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90 | (3) |
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
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93 | (2) |
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95 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome |
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96 | (1) |
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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome |
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|
97 | (1) |
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (3) |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (2) |
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Pulmonary Artery Hypertension |
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103 | (1) |
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Other Conditions That Affect Respiratory Function |
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103 | (4) |
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103 | (1) |
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Generalized Neurologic Disorders |
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104 | (2) |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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110 | (2) |
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112 | (3) |
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Chapter 3 Cardiovascular Disorders and Conditions Presenting as Chest Pain |
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115 | (40) |
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116 | (2) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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The Sensation of Chest Pain |
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118 | (7) |
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Initial Life-Threatening Causes of Chest Pain |
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125 | (18) |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (3) |
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129 | (1) |
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Acute Pulmonary Edema/Congestive Heart Failure |
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129 | (2) |
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131 | (1) |
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Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (2) |
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135 | (8) |
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Non-Life-Threatening (Emergent) Causes of Chest Pain |
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143 | (3) |
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Coronary Spasm or Prinzmetal Angina |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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Other Heart-Related Causes of Chest Pain |
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146 | (2) |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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Nonemergent Causes of Chest Pain |
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148 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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Musculoskeletal Causes of Chest Pain |
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149 | (1) |
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Other Pulmonary Causes of Chest Pain |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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152 | (2) |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (34) |
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Anatomy and Physiology of Perfusion |
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156 | (4) |
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156 | (2) |
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158 | (2) |
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The Autonomic Nervous System |
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160 | (1) |
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160 | (2) |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (10) |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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Irreversible (Terminal) Shock |
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164 | (8) |
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Pathophysiology, Assessment, and Management of Specific Types of Shock |
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172 | (8) |
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174 | (1) |
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174 | (4) |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (2) |
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|
180 | (1) |
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Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome or Acute Lung Injury |
|
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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|
181 | (1) |
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Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome |
|
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (3) |
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Chapter 5 Neurologic Disorders |
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189 | (48) |
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190 | (11) |
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The Brain and Spinal Cord |
|
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190 | (1) |
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Protective Anatomic Structures |
|
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190 | (1) |
|
|
191 | (1) |
|
Functional Regions of the Brain |
|
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192 | (9) |
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201 | (29) |
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|
201 | (5) |
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Carotid Artery Dissection |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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|
210 | (2) |
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|
212 | (1) |
|
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension |
|
|
212 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus |
|
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216 | (1) |
|
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis |
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
Hypertensive Encephalopathy and Malignant Hypertension |
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
Wernicke Encephalopathy and Korsakoff Syndrome |
|
|
218 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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220 | (5) |
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|
225 | (1) |
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|
225 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
|
Neuromuscular Degenerative Disease |
|
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227 | (1) |
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|
228 | (1) |
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|
228 | (1) |
|
Acute Depression/Suicide Attempt |
|
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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|
234 | (3) |
|
Chapter 6 Abdominal Disorders |
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|
237 | (42) |
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|
238 | (2) |
|
Upper Gastrointestinal Tract |
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
Functions of the Gastrointestinal System |
|
|
240 | (1) |
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|
240 | (15) |
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|
241 | (2) |
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
|
243 | (12) |
|
Gastrointestinal Causes of Abdominal Disorders |
|
|
255 | (8) |
|
Upper Gastrointestinal or Esophageal Bleeding |
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
Erosive Gastritis and Esophagitis |
|
|
256 | (1) |
|
Esophageal and Gastric Varices |
|
|
257 | (1) |
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|
258 | (1) |
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|
258 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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|
259 | (1) |
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|
259 | (1) |
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|
260 | (1) |
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|
261 | (1) |
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|
261 | (1) |
|
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome |
|
|
262 | (1) |
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|
262 | (1) |
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|
263 | (1) |
|
Abdominal Disorders Associated with Liver Disease |
|
|
263 | (1) |
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|
263 | (1) |
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|
263 | (1) |
|
Abdominal Disorders Associated with Inflammatory Conditions |
|
|
264 | (2) |
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|
264 | (1) |
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
Cholecystitis and Biliary Tract Disorders |
|
|
265 | (1) |
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|
265 | (1) |
|
|
266 | (1) |
|
Neurologic Causes of Abdominal Disorders |
|
|
266 | (1) |
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|
266 | (1) |
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|
266 | (1) |
|
|
266 | (1) |
|
Cardiopulmonary Causes of Abdominal Disorders |
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm |
|
|
267 | (1) |
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|
268 | (1) |
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|
268 | (1) |
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|
268 | (1) |
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
Genitourinary Causes of Abdominal Disorders |
|
|
268 | (5) |
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
|
268 | (1) |
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|
269 | (1) |
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|
269 | (1) |
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|
270 | (1) |
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|
270 | (1) |
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|
270 | (3) |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
Endocrine Causes of Abdominal Disorders |
|
|
273 | (1) |
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|
273 | (1) |
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|
273 | (2) |
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|
273 | (2) |
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|
275 | (1) |
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|
275 | (1) |
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|
275 | (1) |
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|
275 | (1) |
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|
276 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (1) |
|
|
278 | (1) |
|
Chapter 7 Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders |
|
|
279 | (34) |
|
|
280 | (4) |
|
Glucose Metabolism and Control |
|
|
282 | (2) |
|
Parathyroid, Thyroid, and Adrenal Gland Disorders |
|
|
284 | (7) |
|
|
284 | (1) |
|
|
285 | (2) |
|
|
287 | (2) |
|
Chronic Adrenal Insufficiency |
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
Acute Adrenal Insufficiency |
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
Glucose Metabolic Disorders |
|
|
291 | (6) |
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
|
293 | (1) |
|
|
294 | (2) |
|
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Coma |
|
|
296 | (1) |
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|
297 | (6) |
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|
297 | (2) |
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|
299 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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|
301 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
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|
302 | (1) |
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|
303 | (1) |
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|
303 | (5) |
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|
303 | (1) |
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|
304 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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|
306 | (1) |
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|
307 | (1) |
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|
308 | (1) |
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|
308 | (1) |
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|
308 | (2) |
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|
310 | (1) |
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
|
311 | (2) |
|
Chapter 8 Infectious Diseases |
|
|
313 | (46) |
|
Infectious and Communicable Diseases |
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
Stages of the Infectious Process |
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
Public Health and Safety Regulations |
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
Standards, Guidelines, and Statutes |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard |
|
|
318 | (4) |
|
|
321 | (1) |
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|
321 | (1) |
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|
321 | (1) |
|
Preventing Sharps Injuries |
|
|
321 | (1) |
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|
321 | (1) |
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
Responsibilities of Healthcare Providers |
|
|
322 | (1) |
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|
322 | (3) |
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|
325 | (2) |
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|
325 | (1) |
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|
325 | (1) |
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|
325 | (1) |
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|
325 | (1) |
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|
326 | (1) |
|
Natural Defenses of the Body |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
Physiologic Response to Infections by Body System |
|
|
327 | (2) |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
|
328 | (1) |
|
Common Infectious Diseases---Respiratory |
|
|
329 | (4) |
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
Respiratory Syncytial Virus |
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
|
331 | (2) |
|
|
333 | (3) |
|
Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome |
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
Hepatitis B Virus Infection |
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
Hepatitis C Virus Infection |
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
Enteric (Intestinal) Diseases |
|
|
336 | (3) |
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
Hepatitis A Virus Infection |
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
Escherichia coli Infection |
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
Clostridium difficile (Pseudomembranous Colitis) |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
|
339 | (1) |
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|
339 | (1) |
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|
340 | (1) |
|
Zoonotic (Animal-Borne) Diseases |
|
|
340 | (3) |
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|
340 | (1) |
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|
341 | (1) |
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|
342 | (1) |
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|
343 | (2) |
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|
343 | (1) |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
Infection with Multidrug-Resistant Organisms |
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci |
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
Communicable Diseases of Childhood |
|
|
346 | (4) |
|
|
347 | (1) |
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|
347 | (1) |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
Pertussis (Whooping Cough) |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection (Chickenpox) |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
Pathophysiology/Transmission |
|
|
349 | (1) |
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|
350 | (1) |
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|
350 | (1) |
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|
350 | (1) |
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351 | (1) |
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|
351 | (1) |
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|
351 | (1) |
|
Patients Who Are Technology Dependent |
|
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351 | (1) |
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|
352 | (1) |
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|
352 | (1) |
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|
352 | (1) |
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353 | (1) |
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|
353 | (1) |
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354 | (2) |
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|
356 | (3) |
|
Chapter 9 Environmental-Related Disorders |
|
|
359 | (20) |
|
|
360 | (3) |
|
Temperature Regulation and Related Disorders |
|
|
360 | (3) |
|
Cold-Related Illness and Injury |
|
|
363 | (6) |
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|
363 | (2) |
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|
365 | (1) |
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|
365 | (4) |
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|
369 | (1) |
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|
369 | (1) |
|
Forms of Exertional Heal Illness |
|
|
369 | (3) |
|
Heat Cramps (Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramping) |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
Heat Syncope and Exercise-Associated Collapse |
|
|
369 | (1) |
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|
370 | (1) |
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|
370 | (1) |
|
Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
Other Common Environmental Emergencies |
|
|
372 | (3) |
|
|
372 | (1) |
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|
372 | (2) |
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374 | (1) |
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375 | (1) |
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|
375 | (1) |
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|
375 | (1) |
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|
375 | (1) |
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|
376 | (1) |
|
|
377 | (2) |
|
Chapter 10 Toxicology, Hazardous Materials, and Weapons of Mass Destruction |
|
|
379 | (92) |
|
Conditions That Indicate Toxin Exposure |
|
|
384 | (10) |
|
|
384 | (1) |
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|
384 | (1) |
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385 | (1) |
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|
386 | (1) |
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|
386 | (1) |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
Heart Rhythm Abnormalities |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
Blood Pressure Abnormalities |
|
|
389 | (3) |
|
Respiratory Rate Abnormalities |
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
Oxygen Saturation Abnormalities |
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
|
394 | (25) |
|
|
394 | (13) |
|
|
407 | (1) |
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|
407 | (2) |
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|
409 | (1) |
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|
410 | (1) |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
|
412 | (2) |
|
|
414 | (2) |
|
Benzodiazepines and Sedative-Hypnotics |
|
|
416 | (2) |
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
|
419 | (5) |
|
|
419 | (1) |
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|
419 | (2) |
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
Toxins in the Home and Workplace |
|
|
424 | (13) |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
|
427 | (2) |
|
|
429 | (3) |
|
Nitrites and Sulfa Drugs That Cause Methemoglobinemia |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
Cholinesterase Inhibitors |
|
|
433 | (3) |
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
Environmental Toxins: Poisoning by Envenomation |
|
|
437 | (8) |
|
|
437 | (3) |
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
Megalopyge Opercularis - The Asp or Puss Caterpillar |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
|
444 | (1) |
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|
444 | (1) |
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|
445 | (1) |
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|
445 | (3) |
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|
448 | (1) |
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|
448 | (7) |
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Regulatory Agency Notification |
|
|
448 | (1) |
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|
448 | (1) |
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Identification and Labeling |
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|
449 | (4) |
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|
453 | (1) |
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|
453 | (1) |
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|
453 | (1) |
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Personal Protective Equipment |
|
|
454 | (1) |
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Severity and Symptoms of Exposure |
|
|
454 | (1) |
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Types of Hazardous Materials Exposure |
|
|
455 | (1) |
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|
455 | (1) |
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|
455 | (1) |
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|
455 | (1) |
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Weapons of Mass Destruction |
|
|
455 | (1) |
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|
455 | (3) |
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|
456 | (1) |
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|
456 | (1) |
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|
457 | (1) |
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|
457 | (1) |
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|
457 | (1) |
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|
458 | (3) |
|
Types of Ionizing Radiation |
|
|
458 | (2) |
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|
460 | (1) |
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|
461 | (1) |
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|
461 | (1) |
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|
462 | (2) |
|
|
462 | (1) |
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|
463 | (1) |
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|
463 | (1) |
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|
464 | (1) |
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
|
465 | (1) |
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|
465 | (2) |
|
|
467 | (2) |
|
|
469 | (2) |
|
|
471 | (28) |
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
|
472 | (1) |
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|
472 | (2) |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
|
475 | (3) |
|
Controlled Substance Schedules |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
|
476 | (2) |
|
Weight-Based and Standardized Dosing |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
Management of Medication Shortages |
|
|
479 | (3) |
|
Establishing and Institutionalizing a Suite of Contingencies for Clinical Care |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
Expanded Expiration Dates |
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
Using Compounded Medications |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
|
481 | (1) |
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|
481 | (1) |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
Reinforcement of Learning |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
Case Study: Pain Management |
|
|
482 | (4) |
|
Prehospital: Dispatch for Abdominal Pain |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
Medication Considerations |
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
|
484 | (2) |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
|
486 | (2) |
|
Prehospital: Dispatch for an Allergic Reaction |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
Medication Considerations |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
|
488 | (3) |
|
Prehospital: Dispatch for General Illness |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
Medication Considerations |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
|
491 | (2) |
|
Prehospital: Dispatch for General Illness |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
Medication Considerations |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
|
493 | (3) |
|
|
496 | (3) |
|
|
499 | (20) |
|
Sepsis: A Complex Syndrome |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
The Immune System: Innate Immune Response and Adaptive Immune Response |
|
|
500 | (12) |
|
The Innate Immune Response |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
The Adaptive or Acquired Immune Response |
|
|
501 | (2) |
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
Screening and Prognostic Tools in Sepsis |
|
|
503 | (9) |
|
|
512 | (1) |
|
|
512 | (1) |
|
|
513 | (2) |
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
|
516 | (2) |
|
|
518 | (1) |
Appendix A AMLS Assessment Pathway |
|
519 | (2) |
Appendix B Answers and Rationales |
|
521 | (10) |
Glossary |
|
531 | (8) |
Index |
|
539 | |