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El. knyga: Anatomy and Histology of the Laboratory Rat in Toxicology and Biomedical Research

(Honorary Professor in the Institute of Public Health, Birmingham University, United Kingdom), (Principal Pathologist, Sequani Limited, Ledbury, UK)
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 08-Feb-2019
  • Leidėjas: Academic Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128118719
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Anatomy and Histology of the Laboratory Rat in Toxicology and Biomedical ResearchDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 08-Feb-2019
  • Leidėjas: Academic Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128118719
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Anatomy and Histology of the Laboratory Rat in Toxicology and Biomedical Research presents the detailed systematic anatomy of the rat, with a focus on toxicological needs. Most large works dealing with the laboratory rat provide a chapter on anatomy, but fall far short of the detailed account in this book which also focuses on the needs of toxicologists and others who use the rat as a laboratory animal. The book includes detailed guides on dissection methods and the location of specific tissues in specific organ systems. Crucially, the book includes classic illustrations from Miss H. G. Q. Rowett, along with new color photo-micrographs.

Written by two of the top authors in their fields, this book can be used as a reference guide and teaching aid for students and researchers in toxicology. In addition, veterinary/medical students, researchers who utilize animals in biomedical research, and researchers in zoology, comparative anatomy, physiology and pharmacology will find this book to be a great resource.

  • Illustrated with over 100 black and white and color images to assist understanding
  • Contains detailed descriptions and explanations to accompany all images, thus helping with self-study
  • Designed for toxicologic research for people from diverse backgrounds, including biochemistry, pharmacology, physiology, immunology and general biomedical sciences

Recenzijos

"The chapters are thoughtfully organized in a systems-based approach that evolves into more detailed chapters, which highlight specific tissues and organ systems that are commonly viewed as target organs in toxicity and carcinogenicity studies. The tables and diagrams are particularly useful as are the comprehensive bibliographies included at the end of each chapter." --Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

"This book by Maynard and Downes provides a wonderfully illustrated and detailed treatise on the anatomy and histology of the rat. For researchers and students the book provides a much- needed guide to dissection and preparation of histological sections and, importantly, extensive reference lists for further reading. This is an invaluable resource for those working in the areas of toxicology, anatomy, experimental pathology, physiology, pharmacology and zoology." --EUROTOX

Preface xv
The Illustrations and How This Book Developed xvii
1 The Rat's Place in Nature 1(6)
The Origin of Mammals
2(1)
When Did Reptiles Become Mammals?
2(1)
An Example of an Early Mammal
3(1)
Evolution of Rodents
3(1)
Rodents as a Group
3(1)
Conclusion
4(1)
References
4(1)
Further Reading
5(1)
Annex Geological Periods
5(2)
2 Introduction to Anatomical Terminology 7(4)
The Use of Words
7(1)
Reference Planes
7(1)
Specific Terminology
8(1)
Proximal and Distal
8(1)
Craniad and Caudad
8(1)
Superficial and Deep
8(1)
Superior and Inferior
8(1)
The Origins of Anatomical Names for Structures
8(1)
Eponyms
9(1)
References
9(1)
Further Reading
9(2)
3 Introduction to the Skeleton: Bone, Cartilage and Joints 11(12)
Bones
11(1)
Long Bones
11(1)
Short Bones
11(1)
Flat Bones
11(1)
Irregular Bones
11(1)
The Structure of Bone
11(1)
Terms Used to Describe the Parts of a Long Bone
12(1)
The Histology of Bone
12(2)
The Development of Bone
14(3)
Intramembranous Ossification
14(1)
Endo-Chondral Ossification
15(1)
Remodelling Revisited
16(1)
Blood Supply of Bone
16(1)
The Cells of Bone
16(1)
Other Components of Bone
17(1)
Cartilage
17(2)
Hyaline Cartilage
18(1)
Fibrocartilage
19(1)
Elastic Cartilage
19(1)
Joints
19(2)
Key Features of Synovial Joints, Rat Knee Joint Taken as an Example
20(1)
References
21(1)
Further Reading
22(1)
4 Vertebrae, Ribs, Sternum, Pectoral and Pelvic Girdles, and Bones of the Limbs 23(18)
The Vertebral Column or Spine
23(6)
Development of the Vertebrae
23(1)
The Cervical Vertebrae
24(2)
The Thoracic Vertebrae
26(1)
Lumbar Vertebrae
27(1)
Sacral Vertebrae, the Sacrum
27(1)
Caudal Vertebrae
27(2)
Sternum and Ribs
29(1)
The Shoulder or Pectoral Girdle
29(2)
The Scapula
29(1)
The Clavicle
29(2)
The Pelvic Girdle
31(1)
Bones of the Limbs
32(6)
Forelimb
32(3)
The Hindlimb
35(3)
References
38(3)
5 The Skull 41(16)
Introduction
41(3)
Evolution of the Lower Jaw
44(1)
Summary
44(1)
Embryological Development of the Mammalian Skull
45(2)
The Skull of the Adult Rat
47(8)
Dorsal Surface of the Skull
48(1)
Lateral Surface of the Skull
49(1)
Inferior Surface of the Skull
50(4)
The Cranial Cavity
54(1)
The Lower Jaw
54(1)
Abbreviations Used in Figures
55(1)
References
55(1)
Further Reading
56(1)
6 The Musculature of the Rat 57(20)
Introduction
57(1)
Embryology of Skeletal Muscles
57(1)
Further Development of the Myotome
57(1)
The Rotation of the Limbs
58(1)
Terminology of Movements
59(1)
Terminology of Muscles
59(1)
How Muscles Move the Elements of the Skeleton
59(1)
A Special Group of Skeletal Muscles: The Skeletal Muscles Derived From the Pharyngeal Arches
60(1)
A Second Special Group of Skeletal Muscles: The Muscles That Move the Eyeball
60(1)
The Arrangement of the Major Groups of Skeletal Muscles
61(3)
The Muscles of Mastication: Gnawing and Chewing
61(2)
Gnawing and Chewing
63(1)
Muscles of the Pectoral and Pelvic Girdles
64(1)
Pectoral Girdle
65(1)
Pelvic Girdle
65(1)
Muscles of the Pectoral Region
65(1)
Muscles Connecting the Pectoral Girdle to the Axial Skeleton
65(1)
Muscles of the Forelimb
65(3)
Muscles Connecting the Humerus With the Pectoral Girdle
65(2)
Muscles Connecting the First and Second Segments of the Forelimb
67(1)
Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle
68(2)
Muscles Arising From the Pelvis and Causing the Hindlimb to Move at the Hip Joint
69(1)
The Muscles of the Back
70(1)
General Points
71(1)
Splenius Group
71(1)
The Sacrospinalis Group (Sometimes Known, in Human Anatomy, as the Erector Spinae Group)
71(1)
The Transversospinalis Group
71(1)
The Segmental Muscle Group
71(1)
Muscles of Respiration
71(1)
Structure of the Diaphragm
71(1)
Other Muscles of Respiration
72(1)
Facial Muscles
72(1)
Muscles Controlling the Whiskers
72(1)
Dilation (or Dilatation) of the Nares
72(1)
Muscles Around the Mouth
73(1)
Muscles Around the Eye
73(1)
Muscles of the Auricle of the Ear (of the Pinna)
73(1)
Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
73(1)
Muscles of the Anterior Aspect of the Neck
73(1)
Appendix
74(1)
The Histology of Skeletal Muscle
74(1)
Structure of a Whole Skeletal Muscle
74(1)
References
75(1)
Further Reading
76(1)
7 The Cardiovascular System 77(14)
Introduction to the Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System
77(1)
The Systemic Arterial System: Development and General Arrangement
77(3)
Branches of the Abdominal Aorta
80(1)
The Heart
80(5)
The Systemic Venous System: Development and General Arrangement
82(1)
Arteries of the Lower Part of the Neck and Shoulder Region: The Territory of the Subclavian Artery
82(2)
The Common Carotid Arteries
84(1)
The External Carotid Artery
84(1)
The Internal Carotid Artery
84(1)
Blood Supply of the Brain
85(1)
The Arteries of the Brain
85(1)
The Venous Drainage of the Brain
85(1)
The Arteries of the Abdomen and Pelvis
86(1)
Arterial Supply of the Kidneys, Adrenal Glands and Gonads (Testis or Ovary)
87(1)
Blood Supply of the Tail
87(1)
The Ilio-Lumbar Arteries
87(1)
The Iliac Arteries
87(1)
Arteries of the Limbs
87(1)
The Forelimb Arteries
88(1)
The Hindlimb Arteries
88(1)
The Venous System
88(1)
Veins of the Head and Neck
88(1)
Veins of the Abdomen and Pelvis
89(1)
Veins of the Forelimb
89(1)
Veins of the Hindlimb
89(1)
References
89(1)
Further Reading
90(1)
8 Histology of the Vascular System 91(6)
Capillaries
91(1)
Continuous Capillaries
92(1)
Fenestrated Capillaries
92(1)
Discontinuous Capillaries or Sinusoids
92(1)
Arteries
92(1)
Tunica Intima
92(1)
Tunica Media
93(1)
Tunica Adventitia
93(1)
Arterioles
93(1)
Veins
93(1)
Special Regions of the Vasculature
93(1)
Histological Techniques for Blood Vessels
94(1)
Histology of the Heart
94(1)
References
95(2)
9 The Lymphatic System 97(12)
Introduction
97(1)
The General Anatomy of the Lymphatic System
98(1)
Topographical Anatomy of the Lymphatic System of the Rat
98(3)
Head and Neck
98(1)
Forelimb and Trunk
99(1)
Hindlimb
99(1)
Tail
99(1)
Visceral Lymph Nodes
100(1)
Histology of Lymphatic Tissues
101(3)
Thymus
101(1)
Lymph Node
102(2)
Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue
104(1)
The General Histology of Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue
104(1)
The Spleen
105(1)
References
106(1)
Further Reading
107(2)
10 Nasal Cavity 109(14)
The Anterior Region or Vestibule of the Nasal Cavity
109(1)
The Nasal Cavity Proper
110(1)
The Ethmoid Bone
110(1)
The Human Ethmoid Bone
110(1)
The Ethmoid Bone of the Rat
111(1)
Lateral Wall of the Nasal Cavity
111(5)
Turbinates and Meatuses
111(2)
The Ethmoid Turbinates (or Turbinals)
113(2)
Openings Into the Nasal Cavity in Addition to the Anterior Nares and the Nasopharyngeal Duct
115(1)
Glands Associated With the Nasal Cavity
115(1)
Blood Vessels of the Nasal Cavity
115(1)
Histology of the Nasal Cavity
116(2)
Olfactory Epithelium
116(2)
Epithelium of the Nasal Cavity
118(1)
Respiratory Epithelium of the Nasal Cavity
118(1)
Squamous Epithelium
118(1)
Transitional Epithelium
118(1)
Lymphoepithelium: Nasal Associated Lymphatic Tissue
118(1)
Toxicological Pathology of the Nasal Cavity
119(1)
References
119(2)
Further Reading
121(2)
11 Larynx 123(6)
Introduction
123(1)
The Laryngeal Cartilages
124(1)
Thyroid Cartilage
124(1)
Cricoid Cartilage
124(1)
Arytenoid Cartilages
124(1)
Epiglottis
124(1)
The U-Shaped Cartilage
125(1)
The Hyoid Bone
125(2)
Muscles of the Larynx and Their Innervation
127(1)
The Cavity or Lumen of the Larynx
127(1)
The Laryngeal Mucosa
127(1)
References
128(1)
12 The Lung 129(18)
Development of the Lung
129(1)
Separation of the Pericardial Cavity From the Pericardioperitoneal Canals
129(1)
Pleura and Pleural Cavity
130(1)
Development of the Lung
130(1)
General Points
130(1)
Development of the Rat Lung
130(1)
Development of the Blood and Nerve Supply of the Lung
131(1)
Topographical Anatomy of the Lung: The Lung in the Thoracic Cavity
131(9)
The Mediastinum
131(1)
The Bronchial Tree
132(1)
Classification of the Airways
132(1)
Anatomy of the Rat Airways
133(1)
Structural Units of the Lung
133(2)
The Histological Structure of the Airways
135(1)
Preparation of Lung Tissue for Histological Study
135(1)
The Trachea and Main Bronchi
135(1)
Epithelium
136(1)
Cells of the Airways
136(4)
The Gas Exchange Zone of the Rat
140(3)
The Alveolar Wall
140(1)
The Septal Interstitium
140(1)
Cells of the Alveolar Region
141(2)
The Circulatory System of the Lung
143(1)
Pulmonary Artery
143(1)
Pulmonary Capillaries
143(1)
Pulmonary Veins
143(1)
Lymphatic Vessels
144(1)
Bronchial Arteries and Veins
144(1)
Nerve Supply of the Lung
144(1)
References
145(1)
Further Reading
146(1)
13 Alimentary Canal or Gastrointestinal Tract 147(12)
The Mouth and Pharynx
147(4)
The Lips
147(1)
The Hard Palate
147(1)
The Soft Palate
148(1)
The Tongue
148(1)
Innervation of the Tongue
149(1)
Teeth
150(1)
Nerve Supply of the Mouth
150(1)
Pharynx
151(1)
Oesophagus
151(1)
The Stomach
152(2)
The Fore-Stomach
153(1)
Glandular Stomach
153(1)
Enterochromaffin Cells
154(1)
The Small Intestine
154(2)
Duodenum
154(1)
Jejunum and Ileum
154(1)
The Epithelium of the Villi and the Crypts of Lieberkuhn
155(1)
The Lamina Propria of the Small Intestine
156(1)
The Large Intestine
156(1)
Epithelium of Large Intestine
156(1)
Rectum and Anal Canal
157(1)
References
157(1)
Further Reading
158(1)
14 Liver 159(10)
Development of the Liver
159(1)
The Developing Liver and Its Blood Vessels
159(1)
Formation of the Liver Parenchyma
160(1)
The Relationship Between the Liver and the Peritoneum
160(1)
The Liver of the Adult Rat
161(4)
The Lobes of the Liver
161(1)
The Micro-Anatomy of the Liver
162(1)
Lobules and Acini
162(1)
Classical Lobules and Others
163(1)
What Is a Lobule? What Is an Acinus?
163(1)
The Portal Lobule
164(1)
The Rappaport Acinus
164(1)
Recent Developments, Focusing on the Rat
165(1)
Summary
165(1)
Histology of the Liver
166(2)
Portal Tracts and Central Veins
166(1)
The Tissue Between the Portal Tracts and the Central Veins: Hepatocytes and Sinusoids
167(1)
Hepatocytes
167(1)
Sinusoids
167(1)
References
168(1)
Further Reading
168(1)
15 Exocrine Glands 169(16)
Classification of Exocrine Glands
169(1)
Unicellular Glands
169(1)
Multicellular Glands
169(1)
Lacrimal Glands
170(2)
General and Topographical Anatomy
170(2)
Harderian Gland
172(2)
General and Topographical Anatomy
173(1)
Histology
173(1)
Salivary Glands
174(4)
General and Topographical Anatomy
174(1)
Submandibular Gland
174(1)
Major or Greater Sublingual Gland
175(1)
Minor Salivary Glands
175(1)
Blood and Lymphatic Supply of the Major Salivary Glands
176(1)
Innervation of the Major Salivary Glands
176(1)
Histology
176(1)
Serous and Mucous Secretions
177(1)
Exocrine Pancreas
178(2)
General and Topographical Anatomy
178(1)
Development
179(1)
Histology
179(1)
Mammary Gland
180(2)
Gross Anatomy
180(1)
Early Development
180(1)
Sex Differences in the Rat Mammary Gland
181(1)
The Endocrine Environment and Mammary Tissue
181(1)
References
182(1)
Further Reading
183(2)
16 Endocrine Glands 185(12)
Pituitary Gland
185(1)
Gross and Topographical Anatomy of the Pituitary Gland of the Rat
185(1)
Nomenclature
185(1)
Histology of the Pituitary Gland
186(2)
Adenohypophysis
186(1)
Folliculostellate Cells of the Adenohypophysis
186(1)
Pars Intermedia
187(1)
Neuropophysis
187(1)
Blood Supply of the Pituitary Gland
188(1)
Pharyngeal Hypophysis
188(1)
Thyroid Gland
188(2)
Anatomy of the Rat Thyroid Gland
188(1)
Development of the Thyroid Gland
188(1)
Histology
189(1)
Interfollicular and Parafollicular Cells
189(1)
Parathyroid Gland
190(1)
General and Topographical Anatomy
190(1)
Development
190(1)
Histology
190(1)
The Adrenal Gland
191(2)
General and Topographical Anatomy
191(1)
Blood Supply of the Adrenal Glands of the Rat
191(1)
Development
191(1)
Histology of the Adrenal Cortex
192(1)
Histology of the Adrenal Medulla
192(1)
Accessory Adrenocortical Glands of the Rat
193(1)
Islets of Langerhans: The Endocrine Pancreas
193(2)
Development
193(1)
Histology
193(2)
References
195(1)
Further Reading
196(1)
17 The Urinary Tract 197(10)
The Kidney
197(2)
Blood Vessels of the Kidney
198(1)
The Renal Lobule
199(1)
The Nephron
199(5)
The Glomerulus
200(1)
Proximal Tubule
201(1)
Loop of Henle
201(1)
Distal Tubule
202(2)
Histopathology of Renal Toxicity
204(1)
The Ureter
204(1)
The Urinary Bladder
205(1)
References
205(1)
Further Reading
206(1)
18 Male Reproductive System 207(12)
Embryonic Development
207(7)
The Testes
209(4)
The Development of Spermatids Into Spermatozoa
213(1)
The Pathway From the Seminiferous Tubules to the Ductus Deferens
213(1)
Epididymides
214(1)
The Accessory Genital Glands of the Male Rat
214(1)
Histological Structure of the Accessory Glands
214(1)
Ductus Deferens
214(1)
Gland of the Ductus Deferens (Ampullary Gland)
215(1)
Prostate
215(1)
Seminal Vesicles
215(1)
Bulbourethral Glands
215(1)
Penis
215(2)
Histology of the Preputial Glands
217(1)
References
217(2)
19 Female Reproductive Tract 219(12)
Development and Topography
219(2)
The Ovary
220(1)
Oviduct
220(1)
Uterus
220(1)
Vagina
221(1)
Histology
221(3)
Follicles
221(2)
The Oestrous Cycle of the Rat
223(1)
Uterus
224(3)
Appearance of the Uterine Mucosa at Stages of the Oestrous Cycle
225(2)
Vagina
227(2)
Appearance of the Epithelium at Stages of the Oestrous Cycle
227(1)
Notes on Cycle Staging
228(1)
References
229(1)
Further Reading
229(2)
20 The Brain and Spinal Cord 231(30)
Introduction
231(1)
How the Brain Works
231(1)
Development of the Brain and Spinal Cord
232(2)
The Brain
232(1)
The Forebrain or Prosencephalon
233(1)
The Midbrain or Mesencephalon
233(1)
The Hindbrain or Rhombencephalon
233(1)
The Spinal Cord
234(1)
The External Anatomy of the Rat Brain
234(12)
More Detailed Anatomy and Histology of the Rat Central Nervous System
234(10)
The Diencephalon
244(2)
The Epithalamus
246(1)
The Midbrain or Metencephalon
246(1)
The Hindbrain or Rhombencephalon
247(4)
Pons
247(1)
Cerebellum
247(3)
The Ventricular System of the Rat Brain
250(1)
Cerebrospinal Fluid
250(1)
Spinal Cord
251(1)
The Tracts
251(1)
Identification of Toxicological Changes in the Brain
251(4)
The Cells of the Central Nervous System
255(4)
Neurons
255(1)
Glial Cells
256(1)
Astrocytes
256(1)
Oligodendrocytes
257(1)
Microglia
257(1)
White and Grey Matter
257(1)
Myelin and Myelination in More Detail
258(1)
Artefacts
258(1)
Bibliography
259(2)
21 Peripheral Nervous System 261(22)
Cranial Nerves
261(7)
Making Sense of the Cranial Nerves
261(3)
Ganglia of the Cranial Nerves
264(2)
The Parasympathetic Ganglia of the Head and Their Roots
266(1)
Ciliary Ganglion
266(1)
Sphenopalatine Ganglion
266(1)
Otic Ganglion
266(1)
Submandibular Ganglion
266(2)
Oddities of the General Somatic Afferent Supply to the Head
268(1)
References
268(1)
The Peripheral Nervous System
268(6)
The Spinal Nerves
268(2)
Introduction
268(2)
The Cervical Nerves and the Cervical Plexus
270(1)
The Brachial Plexus
270(2)
The Human Brachial Plexus
271(1)
The Brachial Plexus of the Rat
271(1)
Nerves of the Forelimb
271(1)
The Lumbo-Sacral Plexus
272(1)
Anterior Divisions of the Anterior Primary Rami
272(1)
Posterior Divisions of the Anterior Primary Rami
272(1)
Topography of the Lumbo-Sacral Plexus
273(1)
Hilton's Law
273(1)
Shorter Nerves Around the Hip Joint
273(1)
From Anterior Divisions of Anterior Primary Rami of Sacral Nerves
273(1)
From Posterior Divisions of Anterior Primary Rami of Sacral Nerves
273(1)
Nerve Supply to the Skin of the Hindlimb
273(1)
Nerve Supply of the Tail
273(1)
The Histological Classification of Nerve Fibres
273(1)
References
274(1)
The Autonomic Nervous System
274(7)
Introduction
274(1)
The Efferent Component of the Autonomic Nervous System
275(3)
Distribution of Postganglionic Fibres
276(2)
Plexuses and Ganglia of the Autonomic Nervous System
278(2)
The Sympathetic Chains
278(2)
The Afferent Component of the Autonomic Nervous System: The General Visceral Afferent System
280(1)
The Enteric Nervous System
281(1)
References
281(2)
22 The Eye 283(10)
Differences Between the Rat and Human Eye
283(1)
Development of the Eye
284(1)
The General Anatomy of the Rat Eye
284(7)
Conventional Axes and Planes of Reference
285(1)
The Eyeball
285(1)
The Anterior Parts of the Eye
286(3)
The Blood-Retinal Barrier
289(1)
The Extraocular Muscles
289(1)
Autonomic Supply of the Eyeball and Associated Structures
290(1)
Blood Supply of the Eye and Associated Structures
290(1)
Lymphatic Drainage of the Eye
290(1)
References
291(1)
Further Reading
291(2)
23 The Ear 293(10)
Development of the Ear
293(1)
The External Ear
294(1)
The Middle Ear
294(1)
The Tympanic Membrane or Ear Drum
294(1)
The Middle Ear or Tympanic Cavity
294(3)
The Auditory Ossicles
296(1)
The Inner Ear
297(4)
The Bony Labyrinth
297(1)
The Cochlea
297(1)
Membranous Labyrinth
297(2)
Receptor Systems of the Inner Ear
299(1)
Histology of the Sound Receptor System of the Cochlea
299(1)
Inner Hair Cells
300(1)
Outer Hair Cells
301(1)
Ototoxicity
301(1)
References
301(2)
24 The Skin or the Integument 303(14)
Introduction to Rat Skin
303(1)
General Histology of Rat Skin
303(3)
The Epidermis
304(2)
Hair
306(6)
Hair Nomenclature
306(1)
The Development of Hair in the Rat
307(1)
Histology of the Fully Developed Follicle
307(1)
The Hair Cycle
308(1)
The Sinus Hair
309(3)
Glands of the Skin
312(1)
Eccrine Sweat Glands of the Glabrous Skin of the Paws
312(1)
Sebaceous Glands
312(1)
Zymbal's Gland
313(1)
Blood and Lymphatic Supply of the Skin
313(1)
Claws
313(1)
The Skin of the Tail
313(1)
Histological Techniques
314(1)
References
314(3)
25 Dissection of the Adult Rat 317(24)
Making a Record of Observations
317(1)
Examining the Animal After Death
317(16)
The Abdomen
318(2)
The Stomach and Intestine
320(1)
Removal of the Gut
321(1)
The Liver
322(1)
The Kidney, Ureter and Bladder
322(1)
Blood Vessels of the Dorsal Abdominal Wall
323(1)
The Reproductive Tract
323(4)
The Thorax and Neck
327(6)
Removal of the Eye and Associated Glands
333(1)
Removal of the Head and Lower Jaw
333(1)
Removal of the Brain and Examination of Other Structures of the Head
333(2)
Perfusion Fixed Specimen
333(1)
Removal of the Brain
333(2)
Further Reading
335(1)
Annex 1
335(3)
Dissection: Process and Instruments
335(1)
Dissection in More Detail
336(1)
The Specimen
336(1)
Dissecting Instruments
336(1)
The Basic Kit for Dissection of Small Animals
336(1)
Additional Equipment
337(1)
The Process of Dissection
338(1)
Annex 2
338(3)
Perfusion Fixation
338(3)
26 Post-Mortem Examination 341(4)
Preparation and Preliminaries
341(1)
Post-Mortem Procedure
341(2)
Reproductive Organs and Urinary Bladder
343(2)
Males
343(2)
Annotated Bibliography 345(2)
Index 347
Dr. Robert L. Maynard is the Senior Medical Officer for the Department of Health in London, UK BSc MB BCh FRCP FRCPath FFOM FBTS FRSB Honorary Professor, Institute of Public Health, Birmingham University, UK Honorary Principal Fellow, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, London Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology 1990 Member of the Royal College of Pathologists 1991 awarded after assessment of published works; Fellow 1999 Member of the Royal College of Physicians (by distinction) 1996 Fellow of the Faculty of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Royal College of Physicians (by distinction) 1997 Royal College of Physicians: Fellowship by election May 2002 Fellow of the British Toxicological Society 2008 BDS FRCPath(toxicology) Principal Pathologist, Sequani Limited, Ledbury, United Kingdom

Fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists 2002 Author of multiple publications, a book, and poster presentations
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