Anatomy and Physiology 8th edition [Kietas viršelis]

Preface		x
PART 1 ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMAN BODY
The Human Organism		1	(22)
Anatomy and Physiology		2	(1)
Structural and Functional Organization		2	(4)
Characteristics of Life		6	(3)
Biomedical Research		9	(3)
Terminology and the Body Plan		12	(11)
The Chemical Basis of Life		23	(32)
Basic Chemistry		24	(6)
Intermolecular forces		30	(2)
Chemical Reactions and Energy		32	(4)
Inorganic Chemistry		36	(3)
Organic Chemistry		39	(16)
Cell Biology and Genetics		55	(54)
Functions of the Cell		56	(2)
How We See Cells		58	(1)
Plasma Membrane		58	(1)
Membrane Lipids		58	(1)
Membrane Proteins		58	(6)
Movement Through the Plasma Membrane		64	(7)
Endocytosis and Exocytosis		71	(5)
Cytoplasm		76	(1)
The Nucleus and Cytoplasmic Organelles		77	(9)
Genes and Gene Expression		86	(5)
Cell Life Cycle		91	(2)
Genetics		93	(16)
Histology: The Study of Tissues		109	(40)
Tissues and Histology		110	(1)
Embryonic Tissue		110	(1)
Epithelial Tissue		110	(10)
Connective Tissue		120	(14)
Muscle Tissue		134	(2)
Nervous Tissue		136	(1)
Membranes		137	(1)
Inflammation		138	(2)
Tissue Repair		140	(2)
Tissue and Aging		142	(7)
PART 2 SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
Integumentary System		149	(24)
Overview of the Integumentary System		150	(1)
Skin		150	(7)
Hypodermis		157	(1)
Accessory Skin Structures		158	(5)
Summary of Integumentary System Functions		163	(2)
Effects of Aging on the Integumentary System		165	(8)
Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue		173	(30)
Functions of the Skeletal System		174	(1)
Cartilage		174	(1)
Bone Histology		175	(5)
Bone Anatomy		180	(3)
Bone Development		183	(2)
Bone Growth		185	(6)
Bone Remodeling		191	(1)
Bone Repair		192	(2)
Calcium Homeostasis		194	(4)
Effects of Aging on the Skeletal System		198	(5)
Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy		203	(49)
General Considerations		204	(2)
Axial Skeleton		206	(27)
Appendicular Skeleton		233	(19)
Articulations and Movement		252	(26)
Naming Joints		253	(1)
Classes of Joints		253	(6)
Types of Movement		259	(4)
Range of Motion		263	(1)
Description of Selected Joints		263	(9)
Effects of Aging on the Joints		272	(6)
Muscular System: Histology and Physiology		278	(42)
Functions of the Muscular System		279	(1)
General Functional Characteristics of Muscle		279	(1)
Skeletal Muscle Structure		279	(6)
Sliding Filament Model		285	(1)
Physiology of Skeletal Muscle Fibers		285	(10)
Physiology of Skeletal Muscle		295	(4)
Types of Muscle Contractions		299	(2)
Fatigue		301	(2)
Energy Sources		303	(2)
Slow and Fast Fibers		305	(2)
Heat Production		307	(1)
Smooth Muscle		307	(4)
Cardiac Muscle		311	(1)
Effects of Aging on Skeletal Muscle		312	(8)
Muscular System: Gross Anatomy		320	(54)
General Principles		321	(6)
Head Muscles		327	(13)
Trunk Muscles		340	(6)
Upper Limb Muscles		346	(13)
Lower Limb Muscles		359	(15)
PART 3 INTEGRATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue		374	(37)
Functions of the Nervous System		375	(1)
Divisions of the Nervous System		375	(2)
Cells of the Nervous System		377	(5)
Organization of Nervous Tissue		382	(1)
Electric Signals		382	(12)
The Synapse		394	(10)
Neuronal Pathways and Circuits		404	(7)
Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves		411	(32)
Spinal Cord		412	(3)
Reflexes		415	(6)
Interactions with Spinal Cord Reflexes		421	(1)
Structure of Peripheral Nerves		421	(1)
Spinal Nerves		422	(21)
Brain and Cranial Nerves		443	(33)
Development of the CNS		445	(1)
Brainstem		445	(4)
Cerebellum		449	(1)
Diencephalon		449	(4)
Cerebrum		453	(3)
Meninges, Ventricles, and Cerebrospinal Fluid		456	(5)
Blood Supply to the Brain		461	(1)
Cranial Nerves		462	(14)
Integration of Nervous System Functions		476	(38)
Sensation		477	(13)
Control of Skeletal Muscles		490	(8)
Brainstem Functions		498	(2)
Other Brain Functions		500	(6)
Effects of Aging on the Nervous System		506	(8)
The Special Senses		514	(50)
Olfaction		515	(3)
Taste		518	(3)
Visual System		521	(21)
Hearing and Balance		542	(14)
Effects of Aging on the Special Senses		556	(8)
Autonomic Nervous System		564	(21)
Contrasting the Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems		565	(1)
Anatomy of the Autonomic Nervous System		565	(7)
Physiology of the Autonomic Nervous System		572	(4)
Regulation of the Autonomic Nervous System		576	(2)
Functional Generalizations About the Autonomic Nervous System		578	(7)
Functional Organization of the Endocrine System		585	(24)
General Characteristics of the Endocrine System		586	(1)
Chemical Structure of Hormones		587	(1)
Control of Secretion Rate		587	(6)
Transport and Distribution in the Body		593	(1)
Metabolism and Excretion		594	(1)
Interaction of Hormones with Their Target Tissues		595	(2)
Classes of Receptors		597	(12)
Endocrine Glands		609	(41)
Functions of the Endocrine System		610	(1)
Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus		610	(9)
Thyroid Gland		619	(5)
Parathyroid Glands		624	(3)
Adrenal Glands		627	(5)
Pancreas		632	(6)
Hormonal Regulation of Nutrients		638	(2)
Hormones of the Reproductive System		640	(1)
Hormones of the Pineal Body		641	(1)
Hormones of the Thymus		642	(1)
Hormones of the Gastrointestinal Tract		642	(1)
Hormonelike Substances		642	(1)
Effects of Aging on the Endocrine System		643	(7)
PART 4 REGULATIONS AND MAINTENANCE
Cardiovascular System: Blood		650	(28)
Functions of Blood		651	(1)
Plasma		652	(1)
Formed Elements		653	(9)
Hemostasis		662	(5)
Blood Grouping		667	(4)
Diagnostic Blood Tests		671	(7)
Cardiovascular System: The Heart		678	(43)
Functions of the Heart		679	(1)
Size, Shape, and Location of the Heart		679	(2)
Anatomy of the Heart		681	(6)
Route of Blood Flow Through the Heart		687	(2)
Histology		689	(3)
Electrical Properties		692	(3)
Cardiac Cycle		695	(8)
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure		703	(2)
Regulation of the Heart		705	(4)
Heart and Homeostasis		709	(2)
Effects of Aging on the Heart		711	(10)
Cardiovascular System: Peripheral Circulation and Regulation		721	(61)
Functions of the Peripheral Circulation		722	(1)
General Features of Blood Vessel Structure		722	(6)
Pulmonary Circulation		728	(1)
Systemic Circulation: Arteries		728	(11)
Systemic Circulation: Veins		739	(12)
Dynamics of Blood Circulation		751	(4)
Physiology of Systemic Circulation		755	(6)
Control of Blood Flow in Tissues		761	(4)
Regulation of Mean Arterial Pressure		765	(17)
Lymphatic System and Immunity		782	(43)
Lymphatic System		783	(9)
Immunity		792	(1)
Innate Immunity		792	(6)
Adaptive Immunity		798	(16)
Immune Interactions		814	(1)
Immunotherapy		814	(2)
Acquired Immunity		816	(2)
Effects of Aging on the Lymphatic System and Immunity		818	(7)
Respiratory System		825	(48)
Functions of the Respiratory System		826	(1)
Anatomy and Histology of the Respiratory System		826	(15)
Ventilation		841	(5)
Measurement of Lung Function		846	(2)
Physical Principles of Gas Exchange		848	(3)
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood		851	(5)
Regulation of Ventilation		856	(7)
Respiratory Adaptations to Exercise		863	(1)
Effects of Aging on the Respiratory System		863	(10)
Digestive System		873	(54)
Anatomy of the Digestive System		874	(1)
Functions of the Digestive System		874	(2)
Histology of the Digestive Tract		876	(1)
Regulation of the Digestive System		877	(1)
Peritoneum		878	(2)
Oral Cavity		880	(6)
Pharynx		886	(1)
Esophagus		886	(1)
Swallowing		886	(2)
Stomach		888	(8)
Small Intestine		896	(3)
Liver		899	(5)
Gallbladder		904	(1)
Pancreas		905	(2)
Large Intestine		907	(5)
Digestion, Absorption, and Transport		912	(8)
Effects of Aging on the Digestive System		920	(7)
Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation		927	(34)
Nutrition		928	(9)
Metabolism		937	(1)
Carbohydrate Metabolism		938	(8)
Lipid Metabolism		946	(2)
Protein Metabolism		948	(2)
Interconversion of Nutrient Molecules		950	(1)
Metabolic States		951	(2)
Metabolic Rate		953	(1)
Body Temperature Regulation		954	(7)
Urinary System		961	(43)
Functions of the Urinary System		962	(1)
Kidney Anatomy and Histology		962	(8)
Urine Production		970	(13)
Regulation of Urine Concentration and Volume		983	(8)
Plasma Clearance and Tubular Maximum		991	(1)
Urine Movement		992	(4)
Effects of Aging on the Kidneys		996	(8)
Water, Electrolytes, and Acid--Base Balance		1004	(27)
Body Fluids		1005	(1)
Regulation of Body Fluid Concentration and Volume		1006	(5)
Regulation of Intracellular Fluid Composition		1011	(1)
Regulation of Specific Electrolytes in the Extracellular Fluid		1012	(8)
Regulation of Acid--Base Balance		1020	(11)
PART 5 REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT
Reproductive System		1031	(50)
Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System		1033	(12)
Physiology of Male Reproduction		1045	(4)
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System		1049	(10)
Physiology of Female Reproduction		1059	(12)
Effects of Aging on the Reproductive System		1071	(10)
Development, Growth, and Aging		1081
Prenatal Development		1082	(22)
Parturition		1104	(2)
The Newborn		1106	(4)
Lactation		1110	(1)
First Year After Birth		1111	(1)
Life Stages		1111	(1)
Aging		1112	(1)
Death		1113
APPENDICES
Periodic Table		1	(1)
Scientific Notation		2	(1)
Solution Concentrations		3	(1)
pH		3	(1)
Answers to Review and Comprehension Questions		4	(1)
Answers to Critical Thinking Questions		5	(19)
Answers to Predict Questions		24
Glossary		1	(1)
Credits		1	(1)
Index		1

Dr. Rod Seeley holds a B.S. in Zoolgy from Idaho State University and an M.S. and Ph.D. in Zoology from Utah State University. By being very involved in the methods and mechanism that help students learn, Rod contributes with his teaching expertise and proven ability to communicate effectively.





Dr. Trent Stephens holds B.S. and M.S. degrees in Zoology from Brigham Young University and a Ph.D. in anatomy from the University of Pennsylvania. Trent teaches human anatomy, neuroanatomy, and embryology. His skill as a biological illustrator has greatly influenced every illustration in his texts.





Dr. Philip Tate earned B.S. degrees in both mathematics and zoology and an M.S. in ecology from San Diego State University. He earned his doctorate in biological education from Idaho State University. Phil has taught anatomy and physiology to all levels of students: nursing and allied health, physical education, and biology majors.