| Dedication |
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xii | |
| About the Companion Website |
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xiii | |
| Chapter 1 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology |
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1 | (20) |
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Anatomical Nomenclature, Directional Terms, and Planes of Section |
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3 | (2) |
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Microscopic Anatomy: Animal Cells and Tissues |
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5 | (10) |
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6 | (5) |
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11 | (2) |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (1) |
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The General Plan of the Animal Body |
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15 | (6) |
| Chapter 2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Cell |
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21 | (38) |
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22 | (2) |
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Chemical Composition of the Cell |
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24 | (5) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (2) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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Microscopic Study of the Cell |
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29 | (4) |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (3) |
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Structure of the Membrane |
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33 | (2) |
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Intercellular Contact and Adhesion |
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35 | (1) |
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Transport Across Cell Membranes |
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36 | (5) |
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Simple and Facilitated Diffusion |
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36 | (2) |
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38 | (2) |
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40 | (1) |
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Membrane Potentials and Excitable Cells |
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41 | (2) |
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Resting Membrane Potential |
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41 | (1) |
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Excitable Cells and Action Potentials |
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42 | (1) |
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Membrane Receptors and Intracellular Signaling |
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43 | (4) |
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Cytoplasm and Cytoplasmic Organelles |
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47 | (2) |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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The Endoplasmic Reticulum and Ribosomes |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (6) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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RNA: Transcription and Translation |
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51 | (2) |
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53 | (2) |
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55 | (2) |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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Regulation of Cell Growth and Replication |
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57 | (2) |
| Chapter 3 Embryology |
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59 | (10) |
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Development of Germ Layers |
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60 | (3) |
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Principles of Differentiation |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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Mesodermal Differentiation |
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64 | (2) |
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66 | (3) |
| Chapter 4 The Skeletal System |
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69 | (22) |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (3) |
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Classification of Bones According to Gross Appearance |
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73 | (2) |
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75 | (8) |
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75 | (4) |
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79 | (3) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (8) |
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83 | (4) |
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87 | (4) |
| Chapter 5 Microscopic Anatomy and Growth and Development of Bone |
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91 | (10) |
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Microscopic Anatomy and Formation of Bone |
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92 | (2) |
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94 | (2) |
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Endochondral (Intracartilaginous) Ossification |
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94 | (2) |
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Intramembranous Ossification |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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Bone Mechanics and Remodeling |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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Fractures and Fracture Healing |
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97 | (2) |
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Other Pathologic Conditions |
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99 | (2) |
| Chapter 6 Joints |
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101 | (20) |
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102 | (2) |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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Other Synovial Structures |
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104 | (1) |
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104 | (2) |
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106 | (1) |
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Joints of the Axial Skeleton |
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107 | (1) |
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Joints of the Appendicular Skeleton |
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108 | (9) |
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Joints of the Thoracic Limb |
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108 | (3) |
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Joints of the Pelvic Limb |
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111 | (6) |
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Pathology of Joints and Related Structures |
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117 | (4) |
| Chapter 7 Anatomy of the Muscular System |
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121 | (32) |
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Anatomical Nomenclature of Muscles |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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Skeletal Muscle Organization |
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122 | (5) |
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123 | (1) |
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Functional Grouping of Muscles |
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124 | (2) |
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126 | (1) |
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Muscles of the Thoracic Limb |
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127 | (8) |
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Extrinsic Muscles of the Thoracic Limb |
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130 | (1) |
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Muscles Acting on the Shoulder Joint |
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131 | (1) |
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Muscles Acting on the Elbow |
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132 | (1) |
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Muscles Acting on the Distal Limb |
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133 | (2) |
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Muscles of the Pelvic Limb |
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135 | (8) |
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Muscles Acting on the Hip Joint |
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135 | (6) |
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Muscles Acting on the Stifle |
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141 | (1) |
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Muscles Acting on the Hock |
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142 | (1) |
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Muscles Acting on the Digit |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (2) |
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143 | (1) |
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Muscles of Facial Expression |
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144 | (1) |
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Other Muscles of the Head |
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144 | (1) |
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Muscles of the Trunk and Neck |
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145 | (8) |
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Extensors of the Vertebral Column |
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145 | (5) |
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Flexors of the Vertebral Column |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (2) |
| Chapter 8 The Equine Foot and Passive Stay Apparatus |
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153 | (18) |
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154 | (9) |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (4) |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (2) |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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Concussion and Storage of Energy |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (8) |
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164 | (2) |
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166 | (5) |
| Chapter 9 Microscopic Anatomy and Physiology of Muscle |
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171 | (18) |
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172 | (10) |
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172 | (3) |
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Excitation, Contraction, and Relaxation |
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175 | (4) |
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179 | (2) |
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Drugs That Affect Skeletal Muscle Function |
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181 | (1) |
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Types of Muscle Contraction |
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182 | (1) |
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182 | (5) |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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Contraction and Relaxation |
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184 | (1) |
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Role and Sources of Calcium |
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184 | (1) |
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Action Potentials and Slow Waves |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (2) |
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Excitation and Contraction |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
| Chapter 10 Anatomy of the Nervous System |
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189 | (24) |
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192 | (2) |
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194 | (3) |
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197 | (8) |
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197 | (3) |
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200 | (2) |
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202 | (3) |
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Peripheral Nervous System |
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205 | (1) |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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206 | (6) |
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Sympathetic Nervous System |
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208 | (3) |
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Parasympathetic Nervous System |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
| Chapter 11 Physiology of the Nervous System |
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213 | (16) |
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Functional Regions of the Neuron |
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214 | (1) |
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Physiology of the Nerve Impulse |
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214 | (3) |
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Conduction Velocity and Myelination |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (3) |
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220 | (1) |
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Neural Control of Skeletal Muscle |
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221 | (3) |
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Reflexes Involving Skeletal Muscle Contraction |
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222 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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Physiology of the Autonomic Nervous System |
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224 | (3) |
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Regulation of Autonomic Nervous System Activity |
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224 | (2) |
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Autonomic Neurotransmitters and Their Receptors |
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226 | (1) |
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Regeneration and Repair in the Nervous System |
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227 | (2) |
| Chapter 12 Sense Organs |
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229 | (24) |
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230 | (2) |
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232 | (2) |
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232 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (2) |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (9) |
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236 | (2) |
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238 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (3) |
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242 | (3) |
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245 | (8) |
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245 | (2) |
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247 | (3) |
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250 | (1) |
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Visual Field and Light Path |
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251 | (1) |
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Visual Pathways of the Brain |
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251 | (2) |
| Chapter 13 Endocrinology |
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253 | (20) |
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Hormones and Their Receptors |
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254 | (2) |
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Chemical Classes of Hormones |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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Cellular Effects of Peptide Hormones |
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256 | (3) |
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Cellular Effects of Steroid and Thyroid Hormones |
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259 | (1) |
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Negative and Positive Feedback Regulation |
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259 | (1) |
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Hypothalamopituitary Axis |
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260 | (2) |
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Hormones of the Neurohypophysis |
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262 | (1) |
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Hormones of the Adenohypophysis |
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263 | (5) |
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263 | (1) |
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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone |
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264 | (1) |
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Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone |
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265 | (3) |
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268 | (5) |
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268 | (2) |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (2) |
| Chapter 14 The Integument |
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273 | (14) |
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274 | (1) |
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274 | (2) |
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274 | (1) |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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276 | (3) |
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276 | (2) |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (4) |
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280 | (2) |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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283 | (2) |
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285 | (2) |
| Chapter 15 Blood and Other Body Fluids |
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287 | (14) |
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288 | (7) |
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Formed Elements of Blood and Hematopoiesis |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (3) |
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293 | (1) |
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294 | (1) |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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Hemostasis and Coagulation |
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296 | (4) |
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Platelets and the Endothelium |
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297 | (1) |
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Intrinsic and Extrinsic Coagulation Pathways |
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297 | (3) |
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300 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
| Chapter 16 Body Defenses and the Immune System |
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301 | (14) |
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302 | (2) |
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304 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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T Cells and Cell-Mediated Immunity |
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306 | (2) |
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Lymphocyte Origin, Development, and Residence |
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308 | (1) |
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Active and Passive Immunities |
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308 | (1) |
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Immunological Surveillance |
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308 | (1) |
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309 | (6) |
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309 | (1) |
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309 | (3) |
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312 | (1) |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
| Chapter 17 Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System |
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315 | (16) |
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316 | (4) |
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316 | (1) |
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317 | (3) |
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320 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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321 | (4) |
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322 | (1) |
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Arterial Distribution to the Head |
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323 | (1) |
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Arterial Distribution to the Thoracic Limb |
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323 | (1) |
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Arterial Distribution to the Pelvic Limb |
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324 | (1) |
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325 | (2) |
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326 | (1) |
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327 | (1) |
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327 | (1) |
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327 | (4) |
| Chapter 18 Physiology of the Heart and Circulation |
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331 | (18) |
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Basic Design and Function of the Cardiovascular System |
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332 | (1) |
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333 | (4) |
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336 | (1) |
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336 | (1) |
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336 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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Electrical Activity of the Heart |
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337 | (3) |
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Sinoatrial Node and Heart Rate |
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337 | (2) |
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Atrioventricular Node and Other Specialized Conductive Cells in the Heart |
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339 | (1) |
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Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias |
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339 | (1) |
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Cardiac Output and Its Regulation |
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340 | (1) |
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Ventricular Filling and Stroke Volume |
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340 | (1) |
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Cardiac Contractility and Stroke Volume |
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341 | (1) |
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Structure and Function of Blood Vessels |
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341 | (3) |
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Microscopic Structure of Blood Vessels |
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341 | (1) |
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Function of Blood Vessels |
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342 | (2) |
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Regulation of Arterial Blood Pressure and Blood Volume |
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344 | (2) |
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345 | (1) |
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345 | (1) |
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346 | (1) |
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Cardiovascular Function During Exercise and Hypovolemia |
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346 | (3) |
| Chapter 19 The Respiratory System |
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349 | (20) |
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350 | (7) |
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350 | (2) |
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352 | (2) |
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354 | (1) |
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354 | (3) |
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357 | (1) |
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357 | (3) |
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358 | (2) |
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360 | (1) |
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Physiology of Respiration |
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360 | (9) |
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360 | (3) |
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363 | (2) |
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365 | (1) |
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366 | (3) |
| Chapter 20 Anatomy of the Digestive System |
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369 | (26) |
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Organization of the Digestive System |
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370 | (1) |
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371 | (7) |
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372 | (5) |
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377 | (1) |
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378 | (2) |
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378 | (2) |
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380 | (1) |
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380 | (1) |
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381 | (4) |
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384 | (1) |
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385 | (1) |
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385 | (1) |
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385 | (2) |
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387 | (1) |
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387 | (1) |
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387 | (1) |
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388 | (1) |
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388 | (1) |
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Accessory Digestive Organs |
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389 | (6) |
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389 | (1) |
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389 | (2) |
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391 | (4) |
| Chapter 21 Physiology of Digestion |
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395 | (18) |
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397 | (1) |
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397 | (1) |
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Saliva and Salivary Glands |
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397 | (1) |
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398 | (1) |
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398 | (3) |
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398 | (2) |
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400 | (1) |
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Reticular, or Esophageal, Groove |
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400 | (1) |
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401 | (1) |
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401 | (2) |
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Gastric Glands and Secretions |
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401 | (1) |
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402 | (1) |
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Physiology of the Small Intestine, Exocrine Pancreas, and Liver |
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403 | (6) |
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Small Intestine Secretions and Motility |
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403 | (1) |
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404 | (2) |
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Liver Digestive Function and Secretion of Bile |
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406 | (1) |
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Nutrient Absorption in the Small Intestine |
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407 | (2) |
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Physiology of the Cecum and Colon |
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409 | (1) |
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Cecum and Colon of the Horse |
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410 | (1) |
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410 | (1) |
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Neuroendocrine Control of Feeding |
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411 | (2) |
| Chapter 22 Nutrition and Metabolism |
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413 | (8) |
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414 | (1) |
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414 | (7) |
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Absorptive State: Anabolism |
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415 | (2) |
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Postabsorptive State: Catabolism |
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417 | (1) |
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Energy Needs During Exercise |
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418 | (1) |
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Blood Glucose in Ruminants |
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419 | (1) |
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419 | (2) |
| Chapter 23 The Urinary System |
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421 | (20) |
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422 | (2) |
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424 | (1) |
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Ureters, Urinary Bladder, and Urethra |
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424 | (2) |
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426 | (1) |
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Overview of Function and Histology of the Kidneys |
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426 | (3) |
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429 | (1) |
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Proximal Tubule Transport |
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430 | (1) |
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Concentration and Dilution of Urine: Role of the Loop of Henle and Collecting Duct Transport |
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431 | (3) |
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Sodium Chloride and Water Reabsorption by the Loop of Henle |
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432 | (1) |
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Collecting Duct Transport and Antidiuretic Hormone |
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433 | (1) |
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Osmotic Regulation of Antidiuretic Hormone |
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434 | (1) |
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434 | (1) |
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Sodium, Potassium, and Aldosterone |
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434 | (2) |
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436 | (1) |
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Regulation of Acid-Base Balance |
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436 | (5) |
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Extracellular and Intracellular Buffers |
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436 | (2) |
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Classification of Alkalosis and Acidosis and Compensation |
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438 | (3) |
| Chapter 24 Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System |
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441 | (14) |
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442 | (2) |
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444 | (1) |
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444 | (1) |
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445 | (2) |
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447 | (1) |
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447 | (2) |
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449 | (1) |
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449 | (2) |
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450 | (1) |
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450 | (1) |
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450 | (1) |
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451 | (1) |
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451 | (2) |
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453 | (1) |
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Muscles of the Male Genitalia |
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453 | (1) |
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Blood and Nerve Supply of the Male Genitalia |
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453 | (2) |
| Chapter 25 Physiology of Male Reproduction |
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455 | (10) |
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Seminiferous Tubules and Spermatogenesis |
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456 | (4) |
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456 | (1) |
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Germ Cells and Spermatogenesis |
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457 | (1) |
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Spermatozoa Morphology and Spermatogenesis |
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457 | (3) |
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Rates and Timing of Spermatogenesis |
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460 | (1) |
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460 | (1) |
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Semen and Semen Technology |
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461 | (1) |
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Hormones of Male Reproduction |
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462 | (1) |
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Endocrine Regulation of Testicular Function |
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462 | (1) |
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Testosterone and Its Effects |
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463 | (1) |
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463 | (2) |
| Chapter 26 Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System |
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465 | (10) |
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466 | (2) |
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468 | (1) |
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469 | (2) |
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471 | (1) |
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472 | (1) |
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Blood and Nerve Supply of the Female Reproductive Tract |
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473 | (2) |
| Chapter 27 The Ovary and Estrous Cycles |
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475 | (14) |
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476 | (5) |
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476 | (1) |
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Hormones and Follicular Development |
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477 | (4) |
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481 | (1) |
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Luteinizing Hormone Surge |
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481 | (1) |
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Spontaneous and Reflex Ovulators |
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481 | (1) |
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481 | (1) |
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482 | (1) |
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Phases of the Estrous Cycle |
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483 | (2) |
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484 | (1) |
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484 | (1) |
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484 | (1) |
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484 | (1) |
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484 | (1) |
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Specifics of Selected Estrous Cycles |
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485 | (4) |
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485 | (1) |
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485 | (1) |
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486 | (1) |
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487 | (2) |
| Chapter 28 Pregnancy and Parturition |
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489 | (12) |
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490 | (3) |
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Spermatozoa Transport and Viability |
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490 | (1) |
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Gamete Fusion and Early Embryonic Development |
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491 | (2) |
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Implantation and Placentation |
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493 | (3) |
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496 | (1) |
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496 | (1) |
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Equine Chorionic Gonadotrophin |
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497 | (1) |
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497 | (1) |
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497 | (1) |
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498 | (1) |
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498 | (1) |
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Initiation of Parturition |
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498 | (1) |
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499 | (1) |
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Fetal Presentations and Delivery |
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499 | (1) |
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500 | (1) |
| Chapter 29 Anatomy and Physiology of the Mammary Glands |
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501 | (16) |
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Mammary Glands of the Cow |
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502 | (4) |
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504 | (1) |
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504 | (2) |
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506 | (1) |
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Microscopic Anatomy of the Mammary Gland |
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506 | (2) |
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Mammary Glands of Sheep and Goats |
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508 | (1) |
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508 | (1) |
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Mammary Glands of the Horse |
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509 | (1) |
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509 | (8) |
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509 | (1) |
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510 | (1) |
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511 | (1) |
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512 | (1) |
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513 | (1) |
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514 | (1) |
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515 | (2) |
| Chapter 30 Poultry |
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517 | (22) |
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518 | (2) |
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520 | (2) |
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522 | (2) |
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524 | (1) |
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524 | (3) |
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527 | (3) |
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Ventilation and Gas Exchange |
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528 | (2) |
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530 | (1) |
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531 | (1) |
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531 | (3) |
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Female Reproductive System |
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534 | (3) |
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Egg Formation and Oviposition |
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535 | (2) |
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537 | (1) |
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538 | (1) |
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Reproduction and Photoperiods |
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|
538 | (1) |
| Appendix: Abbreviations |
|
539 | (6) |
| Bibliography |
|
545 | (2) |
| Index |
|
547 | |
Daugiau apie elektronines knygas