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xix | |
A note on spelling |
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xxii | |
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1 Introduction: History, culture, and art in Seasia |
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1 | (32) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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A region in search of a name and an identity |
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3 | (3) |
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Theory in Seasian historical archaeology |
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6 | (2) |
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The importance of inter-regional comparisons |
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8 | (1) |
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The importance of links between Seasia and the world |
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8 | (2) |
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World-systems theory, globalization, and interaction spheres |
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10 | (1) |
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Cultural evolution and environmental adaptation |
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11 | (1) |
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Periods of Seasian history, 500 BCE to 1600 CE |
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12 | (2) |
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Art, technology, and society |
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14 | (1) |
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The role of the artist in early Seasia |
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15 | (1) |
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The role of the written word in early Seasia |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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Ethnicity and archaeology |
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17 | (2) |
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Dimensions of cultural evolution in Classic Seasia |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (2) |
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A framework for analysis of Classic Seasia: Political, artistic, and economic variables |
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23 | (3) |
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Cities and settlement patterns |
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26 | (2) |
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Seasian concepts of settlement types |
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28 | (2) |
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30 | (3) |
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2 Environments, languages, cultures, and people |
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33 | (2) |
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33 | |
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Biodiversity and exchange networks |
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35 | (32) |
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35 | (42) |
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Equatorial ecology and human adaptation |
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36 | (4) |
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Genes, artifacts, and languages |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (2) |
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42 | (1) |
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Settlement pattern studies in Seasia |
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43 | (1) |
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Topography: The sea unites, the land divides |
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44 | (1) |
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Subregions of the tropical mainland: Defining subregions |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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Type 1 Mainland river systems: Chao Phraya, Ayeyarwadi, Mekong, and Red |
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45 | (1) |
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Subregions along the Mekong |
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45 | (2) |
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Lower Mekong: Northern portion |
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47 | (1) |
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Foothills of the Seasian massif |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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The North Cambodian subregion |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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The Dry Zone of central Myanmar |
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51 | (2) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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Type 2 The mainland massif |
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54 | (2) |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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Central highlands of Vietnam |
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57 | (1) |
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Subregions of the equatorial region and the eastern isles |
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58 | (1) |
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Type 3 Siamo-Malay peninsula and the Seasian archipelago |
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58 | (1) |
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The isthmian region: From the Isthmus of Kra to the fringe of the equatorial zone |
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58 | (2) |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (2) |
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Mangrove fringes and sea nomads |
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63 | (1) |
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Islands west of the Wallace Line |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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North coast Sumatra (Barus, Aceh, Kota Cina) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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North coastal Java: The pesisir |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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69 | (2) |
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71 | (1) |
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Type 4 Island hinterlands |
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71 | (1) |
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Sumatra: Central Rift valleys, Pasemah, Rejang Lebong |
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71 | (1) |
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Java: The pedalaman, or hinterland |
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71 | (2) |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (4) |
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3 Prehistory: Two million to 2,000 years ago |
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77 | (70) |
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The end of the Palaeolithic and the beginning of the next phase |
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80 | (3) |
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The Palaeolithic-Neolithic-Bronze-Iron Age system and its discontents |
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83 | (1) |
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Diffusion vs. independent origin; influence vs. appropriation |
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84 | (1) |
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Migration and in situ evolution |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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Pleistocene: Palaeolithic tools and human fossils |
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88 | (1) |
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Early research on Seasian palaeontology |
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89 | (3) |
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92 | (1) |
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Palaeolithic artifacts beyond Java |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (2) |
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96 | |
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The Holocene: From the end of the Ice Age to the beginning of history |
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91 | (7) |
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98 | (2) |
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100 | (3) |
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103 | (1) |
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The early Metal Age: Metal and society |
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103 | (4) |
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Dongson culture: 500 BCE to 200 CE |
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107 | (2) |
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Dongson drum distribution as an indicator of a sphere of artistic interaction |
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109 | (2) |
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111 | (2) |
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Moats, ramparts, mounds, and settlement patterns of mainland Seasia |
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113 | (1) |
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The oldest ramparted and moated sites: The banteay kou of Cambodia and Vietnam |
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113 | (2) |
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Moats and ramparts in the Angkor area |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (4) |
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Sites, cemeteries, and artifacts |
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120 | (4) |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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The Iron Age of central and northeast Thailand |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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Iron Age influence from India? |
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127 | (1) |
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Trading ports of the Preclassic era |
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127 | (1) |
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Regional symbiosis in the Preclassic? |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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Evidence for a foreign enclave |
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130 | (1) |
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The western terminus: Phu Khao Thong |
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131 | (1) |
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Southern peninsular ports of the Preclassic |
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132 | (1) |
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Mainland markets: Ban Don Ta Phet, Chansen |
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133 | (1) |
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Preclassic cultures of the South China Sea: Sahuynh and Kalanay |
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133 | (2) |
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Artifacts and interaction spheres |
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135 | (1) |
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The Protoclassic in the eastern archipelago |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (9) |
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4 Protoclassic: 1 to 600 CE |
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147 | (81) |
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148 | (1) |
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Geomorphology and history |
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149 | (1) |
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Settlement patterns: Dendritic and central place models |
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150 | (1) |
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Relations between Buddhism and Hinduism |
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150 | (5) |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (2) |
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Sinification of northern Vietnam |
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158 | (2) |
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160 | (2) |
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162 | (2) |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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Upper Mun valley, Khorat Plateau: Non Ban Jak |
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168 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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Kings, gods, and gods of the kings (devaraja) |
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169 | (2) |
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171 | (2) |
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Gods, gurus, and ancestors |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (4) |
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Historiography of Indian contact with Seasia |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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The isthmian region and early maritime trade |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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Visnu images and Buddhist stupas |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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Khlong Thorn (Khuan Luk Pat), Krabi |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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Devanika and overland trade |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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Central and northeast Thailand: Prelude to Dvaravati |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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Protoclassic sites in central Thailand |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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Walled settlements in Myanmar's dry zone |
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194 | (2) |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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198 | (2) |
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Walls, moats, and other structural features |
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200 | (2) |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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An archaeological culture? |
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204 | (2) |
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206 | (1) |
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The Protoclassic period in the Straits of Melaka (peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra) |
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207 | (1) |
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The effect of wind on history |
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207 | (2) |
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Protoclassic sites: Sentang, Air Sugihan, and Karangagung Tengah, South Sumatra |
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209 | (1) |
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Kota Kapur, Bangka Island |
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210 | (1) |
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Kedah, northwest Malaysia |
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210 | (1) |
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Archaeological research in Kedah: Sungai Mas (Golden River) and Sungai Batu (Stone River) |
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211 | (1) |
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Funan connections and early ships |
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212 | (1) |
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The rise of Sumatra and the decline of Oc-eo |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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Java in early inscriptions and texts |
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213 | (2) |
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215 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (2) |
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The Cibuaya Delta: Batujaya and Cibuaya |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (9) |
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5 Early Classic: 600 to 900 CE |
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228 | (128) |
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229 | (1) |
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Labour and human relations |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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230 | (2) |
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Cities as forts: Warfare in the Early Classic period |
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232 | (2) |
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Architecture: Temple building |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (3) |
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241 | (2) |
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243 | (2) |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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Early classic culture in the Chao Phraya basin and the Khorat Plateau |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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Dharmacakra/wheel of the law |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (1) |
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253 | (1) |
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Phanom Surin shipwreck, Samut Sakhon Province |
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254 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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Khorat and the Siamo-Malay Peninsula |
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255 | (1) |
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Sema stones of northeast Thailand |
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256 | (1) |
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Early Classic pottery of Khorat |
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256 | (2) |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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Khmer power in the Mun River valley |
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259 | (1) |
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Early Classic temples in Thailand |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (3) |
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The beginning of the Angkor period |
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263 | (1) |
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Wat Phu and Champassak, southern Laos |
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264 | (1) |
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Trans-Annamite Cordillera connections |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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Zhenla and Sambor Prei Kuk |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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268 | (2) |
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Mahendraparvata and Phnom Kulen (Hill of Lychees) |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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Pre-Bagan Myanmar: Sri Ksetra and Tagaung |
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272 | (1) |
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Tagaung: The polity of the north |
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272 | (2) |
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274 | (2) |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (1) |
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Walled settlements in lower Myanmar and Arakan: Suvannabhumi and Vesali |
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278 | (1) |
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Lower Myanmar: Suvannabhumi |
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279 | (2) |
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The western littoral: Vesali and Dhanyawadi |
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281 | (2) |
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Kedah and south Thailand in the Early Classic |
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283 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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283 | (2) |
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285 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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286 | (1) |
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Chitu, the Red Earth kingdom |
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286 | (1) |
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287 | (1) |
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287 | (2) |
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289 | (1) |
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Srivijaya: At the crossroads of the world |
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289 | (1) |
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289 | (2) |
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Inscriptions of Srivijaya |
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291 | (2) |
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293 | (2) |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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297 | (1) |
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The religion of Srivijaya |
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298 | (1) |
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298 | (4) |
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302 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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Trade and society in Srivijaya and Sumatra |
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303 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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Upstream, downstream, and overland |
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305 | (1) |
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Sumatran transport and settlement: Regional analysis |
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306 | (1) |
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Sulawesi and Borneo during the Early Classic |
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306 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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History of Early Classic Java to 800 |
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309 | (1) |
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Chinese sources and the transfer to central Java |
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309 | (1) |
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Javanese sources of Classic history |
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309 | (1) |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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Old Malay inscriptions of Java |
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312 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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Kings and a queen of Java, ninth century |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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Economy and trade in central Java |
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315 | (1) |
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316 | (1) |
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The Wonoboyo hoard and the royal hermitage |
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317 | (1) |
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317 | (2) |
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Legend and history in central Java: Archaeological sites of the ninth century |
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319 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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Buddhist temples of central Java |
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319 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (2) |
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322 | (3) |
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325 | (3) |
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328 | (4) |
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Prambanan and the resurgence of Hinduism |
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332 | (1) |
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The end of the Early Classic period in Java |
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333 | (3) |
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336 | (1) |
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Champa: The northern phase |
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337 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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338 | (1) |
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339 | (5) |
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344 | (1) |
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345 | (1) |
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After Annam: The foundation of independent Vietnam |
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346 | (10) |
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6 The Middle Classic: 900 to 1200 CE |
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356 | (89) |
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357 | (1) |
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Economic systems of the Middle Classic period |
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358 | (1) |
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359 | (1) |
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359 | (1) |
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360 | (1) |
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360 | (1) |
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361 | (3) |
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364 | (2) |
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Intercultural exchanges within the oecumene |
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366 | (1) |
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Bagan art and architecture |
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367 | (2) |
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369 | (1) |
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370 | (1) |
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370 | (3) |
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The Khmer king and the naga queen |
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373 | (1) |
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Harsavarman I (Harsavarman, Harshavarman) |
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373 | (1) |
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Jayavarman IV and the move to Koh Ker |
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373 | (3) |
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The end of the Jayavarman II dynasty and the rise of the Dynasty of the Sun |
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376 | |
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The Mahidharapura dynasty |
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311 | (67) |
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378 | (3) |
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Jayavarman VII, the builder |
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381 | (1) |
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381 | (2) |
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Temples of Jayavarman VII |
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383 | (1) |
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384 | (1) |
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Major monuments of Jayavarman VII |
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385 | (1) |
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385 | (1) |
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385 | (1) |
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385 | (1) |
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386 | (1) |
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386 | (1) |
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387 | (1) |
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Ceramics in Angkor: Local and Chinese |
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388 | (1) |
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389 | (1) |
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Religions of the Classic period |
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390 | (1) |
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The Khmer Empire in Khorat and the Chao Phraya basin |
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390 | (1) |
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391 | (2) |
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Other major Khmer sites in Thailand |
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393 | (1) |
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394 | (1) |
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395 | (1) |
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395 | (1) |
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395 | (2) |
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The Chola invasion of 1025 |
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397 | (2) |
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399 | (1) |
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400 | (1) |
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Kedah archaeology in the Middle Classic |
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400 | (1) |
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Foreign enclaves in north Sumatra |
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401 | (1) |
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402 | (1) |
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403 | (2) |
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405 | (1) |
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406 | (1) |
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407 | (1) |
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408 | (1) |
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408 | (1) |
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Candi Gumpung consecration deposits |
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409 | (1) |
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Middle Classic sites of the hinterland: Padang Lawas, Muara Takus |
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409 | (5) |
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414 | (1) |
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415 | (1) |
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416 | (1) |
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The period of east Javanese unity: Wawa to Airlangga |
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416 | (1) |
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Javanese kings of the tenth century |
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417 | (2) |
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Kings of Kediri and Janggala |
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419 | (1) |
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Literature of the Kediri period |
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419 | (1) |
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Archaeological sites of the Middle Classic |
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420 | (1) |
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Penanggungan: The holy mountain of east Java |
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420 | (2) |
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The economy of Middle Classic Java |
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422 | (1) |
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West Java during the Middle Classic |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
Archaeological sites of Middle Classic Bali |
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
Shipwrecks of the Middle Classic |
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
|
426 | (2) |
|
The Cirebon (Nanhan) and Karawang |
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
Dai Viet (Ly dynasty) and Champa |
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
Buddhism in Ly dynasty Dai Viet |
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
|
431 | (2) |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
Role of trade in the development of Dai Viet |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
Dai Viet's relations with Champa |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
|
437 | (8) |
|
7 Late Classic: 1200 to 1400 CE |
|
|
445 | (68) |
|
Urban life in China during the Late Classic |
|
|
446 | |
|
Money in the Late Classic |
|
|
441 | (7) |
|
Early Chinese maritime guidebooks |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
The introduction of Islam |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
Early Islamic sites of Southeast Asia |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
Early Islam in Java: Majapahit |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
Sukhothai, Ayutthaya, Lan Xang, and other early Thai kingdoms |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
Sukhothai and the beginning of Muang Thai |
|
|
452 | (2) |
|
Ayutthaya: The golden age |
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
Lan Na: "A million ricefields" and the center of the north |
|
|
455 | (2) |
|
Lan Xang, "A million elephants": Progenitor of Laos |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
Fragmented states of Myanmar |
|
|
458 | (3) |
|
Myanmar in the Late Classic |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
Late Classic east Java and Bali |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
|
462 | (3) |
|
|
465 | (3) |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
|
469 | (2) |
|
Temple sites of the upper Brantas valley |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
|
472 | (3) |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
|
476 | (2) |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
Late Classic sites in Borneo |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
Late Classic Sumatra: Malayu |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
|
483 | (3) |
|
Classic archaeology in the west Sumatran highlands |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
A legal code from Kerinci |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
Mongol invasions between 1257 and 1288 |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
Cham invasions of the late fourteenth century |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
Technology and industry during the Tran period |
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
Buddhist art, architecture, and iconography |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
|
492 | (2) |
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
Muslim tombstones of the Late Classic period |
|
|
498 | (2) |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
Archaeology of Late Classic west Java |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
Archaeology of Sunda: Banten Girang |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
Underwater archaeology of the Late Classic |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
|
505 | (2) |
|
Sabah: The Jade Dragon wreck |
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
The Tanjong Simpang Mengayau wreck |
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
|
507 | (6) |
|
8 Postclassic: 1400 to 1600 CE |
|
|
513 | (40) |
|
The impact of the Ming dynasty on Seasia and the disappearance of overseas Chinese communities |
|
|
516 | (2) |
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
Shipwrecks of the Postclassic period |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
The Bakau (Maranei) wreck |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
Fall of Angkor, fragmented polities in Vietnam and Champa |
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
Fall of Angkor: The move to Longvek and Phnom Penh |
|
|
521 | (2) |
|
Fragmented polities in Vietnam and Champa: Ho, Le So, Mac, Le (north), and Nguyen (south) |
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
Ming occupation of Vietnam (1407--1427) |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
Le So/Le dynasty (1428--1527) |
|
|
524 | (2) |
|
Mac Interregnum (1527--1592) |
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
Champa and the Nguyen (1558--1788) in the south |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
Heirs of Srivijaya and Malayu: Palembang and Melaka |
|
|
528 | (2) |
|
|
530 | (1) |
|
Postclassic Sanskritic culture in Java |
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
|
532 | (2) |
|
Temples and religion of the Postclassic period |
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
|
535 | (1) |
|
|
535 | (1) |
|
|
536 | (1) |
|
Other Postclassic sites of the fifteenth century |
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
|
539 | (3) |
|
Postclassic Islamic sites: Java |
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
|
543 | (1) |
|
Melaka's successor: Banten Lama |
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
|
545 | (8) |
Bibliography |
|
553 | (58) |
Index |
|
611 | |