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El. knyga: Ancient World

  • Formatas: 726 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 17-Jul-2015
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781317458395
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  • Formatas: 726 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 17-Jul-2015
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781317458395
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Designed to meet the curriculum needs of students from grades 7-12, this five-volume encyclopedia explores the history and civilizations of the ancient world from prehistory to approximately 1000 CE. Organized alphabetically within geographical volumes on Africa, Europe, the Americas, Southwest Asia, and Asia and the Pacific, entries cover the social, political, scientific and technological, economic, and cultural events and developments that shaped the ancient world in all areas of the globe. Each volume explores significant civilizations, personalities, cultural and social developments, and scientific achievements in its geographical area. Boxed features include Link in Time, Link in Place, Ancient Weapons, Turning Points, and Great Lives. Each volume also includes maps, timelines and illustrations; and a glossary, bibliography and indexes complete the set.
List of Illustrations
vii
Topic Finder ix
Preface xi
The Cradle of Humanity xiii
Map of Ancient Africa
xviii
Agriculture
1(4)
Turning Point: Irrigation
3(2)
Akhenaten
5(1)
Alexandria
6(1)
Animism
7(1)
Archeological Discoveries
8(6)
Great Lives: The Leakeys
9(2)
Turning Point: The Discovery of Lucy
11(3)
Art and Architecture
14(4)
Link In Time: Pyramids: Egyptian and Mayan
16(2)
Atlas Mountains
18(1)
Axum
19(2)
Bantu Migration
21(2)
Benin
23(2)
Link In Time: The Interesting Life of Olaudah Equiano
24(1)
Berbers
25(3)
Carthage
28(2)
Culture and Traditions
30(5)
Link To Place: Masks in Africa and the Americas
34(1)
Egypt
35(4)
Great Lives: Cleopatra
38(1)
Great Lives: Hatshepsut
39(1)
Ghana
39(3)
Link In Time: Ancient Ghana and Modern Ghana
40(2)
Giza
42(1)
Great Zimbabwe
43(2)
Link In Time: European Finding of Great Zimbabwe (C.E. 1871)
43(2)
Greek Colonies
45(3)
Ibn Battuta
48(1)
Kongo Empire
49(2)
Link To Place: Africa's First Roman Catholic Dynasty
51(1)
Kush
51(3)
Language and Writing
54(6)
Link In Time: The Rosetta Stone
56(3)
Turning Point: The Invention of Papyrus
59(1)
Libya
60(2)
Mali
62(2)
Great Lives: Mansa Musa
64(1)
Mauretania
64(1)
Monomutapa Empire
65(1)
Myths and Epics
66(4)
Link To Place: African and American Flood Myths
67(3)
Nile River
70(1)
Link To Place: Searching for the Source of the Nile
71(1)
Nok People
71(2)
Nubia
73(3)
Olduvai Gorge
76(1)
Paleobiology
77(2)
Religion
79(5)
Link To Place: Ethiopian Jews
81(3)
Sahara
84(1)
Salt Trade
85(3)
Link In Time: Ancient and Modern Salt Production
86(2)
Sheba, Queen of
88(1)
Slavery
89(1)
Society
90(4)
Link To Place: Initiation Rites: The Xhosa and the Lakota
93(1)
Songhai Empire
94(2)
Stone Circles
96(1)
Technology and Inventions
97(5)
Timbuktu
102(2)
Link To Place: The Great Mosques
104(1)
Tools and Weapons
104(4)
Ancient Weapons: Throwing Knives
106(2)
Yoruba
108(3)
Link In Time: Santeria
109(2)
Glossary 111(4)
Selected Bibliography 115(4)
Index 119
List of Illustrations
vii
Topic Finder ix
Preface xi
Crossroads of Culture xiii
Map of Ancient Europe
xvi
Agriculture
1(3)
Link To Place: Lunar Calendars in Europe ana in Asia
3(1)
Alexander III, the Great (356-323 B.C.E.)
4(2)
Link To Place: The Spread of Hellenistic Culture
5(1)
Archeological Discoveries
6(7)
Turning Point: Loughcrew
9(4)
Aristotle (384-322 B.C.E.)
13(1)
Great Lives: Plato
13(1)
Art and Architecture
14(5)
Link To Place: Classic Columns: Ancient Greece and the United States
17(2)
Caesar, Gaius Julius (100-44 B.C.E.)
19(1)
Cave Paintings
20(3)
Link In Time: Lascaux: Then and Now
22(1)
Celts
23(3)
Christianity
26(2)
Crete
28(1)
Cro-Magnon Peoples
29(1)
Culture and Traditions
30(6)
Link In Time: Celtic Samhain and Halloween Today
34(2)
Druids
36(1)
Etruscan Civilization
37(3)
Great Lives: Taraquin
39(1)
Franks
40(2)
Gauls
42(1)
Great Lives: Hannibal
43(1)
Germanic Groups
43(4)
Greece
47(3)
Turning Point: Democracy in Athens
48(2)
Huns
50(1)
Ice Age
51(2)
Justinian I (C.E. 483-565)
53(1)
Kievan Rus
54(1)
Language and Writing
55(5)
Turning Point: The Iliad and the Odyssey
58(2)
Latin
60(1)
Minoan Civilization
61(3)
Ancient Weapons: Metallurgy
63(1)
Myths, Epics, and Sagas
64(5)
Link To Place: Viking Sagas and the Norse Landing in North America
68(1)
Neanderthal Peoples
69(2)
Norsemen
71(4)
Ancient Weapons: Longboats
73(2)
Odoacer (C.E. 435-493)
75(2)
Pax Romana (27 B.C.E.-C.E. 180)
77(3)
Link In Time: Pax Romana and Pax Britannia
78(1)
Great Lives: Hadrian
79(1)
Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.E.)
80(3)
Ancient Weapons: Hoplites
82(1)
Persian Wars (490-479 B.C.E.)
83(3)
Great Lives: Herodotus
85(1)
Pompeii
86(2)
Religion
88(5)
Great Lives: Theodosius I, The Great (C.E. 346-395)
92(1)
Turning Point: The Edict of Milan
93(1)
Rome
93(4)
Turning Point: Roman Law
94(3)
Slavery
97(1)
Society
98(3)
Link To Place: Citizenship in Ancient Greece and in the United States Today
100(1)
Technology and Inventions
101(7)
Ancient Weapons: Chain Mail
104(2)
Turning Point: The Roman Aqueduct
106(1)
Great Lives: Euclid
107(1)
Tools and Weapons
108(3)
Ancient Weapons: The Roman Chariot
109(2)
Trojan War
111(2)
Glossary 113(3)
Selected Bibliography 116(7)
Index 123
List of Illustrations
vii
Topic Finder ix
Preface xi
The New World xiii
Map of Ancient Americas
xviii
Adena
1(1)
Agriculture
2(4)
Turning Point: The Domestication of Maize
3(3)
Anasazi
6(3)
Link To Place: Pueblos and Kivas
8(1)
Archeological Discoveries
9(5)
Link In Time: Kennewick Man
12(1)
Turning Point: Discovery of the Aztec Calendar
13(1)
Art and Architecture
14(4)
Aztec Civilization
18(5)
Link To Place: Tenochtitlan
19(1)
Great Lives: Moctezuma II
20(3)
Beringia
23(1)
Bison
24(1)
Cahokia
25(2)
Link To Place: Stonehenge and Woodhenge
26(1)
Clovis
27(2)
Culture and Traditions
29(6)
Link To Place: Choco Canyon
31(4)
Great Serpent Mound
35(1)
Link In Time: Poverty Point Earthworks (Louisiana)
35(1)
Hohokam
36(2)
Hunter-Gatherers
38(1)
Ice Age
39(1)
Incan Civilization
40(5)
Link In Time: The Quipu, An Incan Computer
43(2)
Language and Writing
45(5)
Link To Place: Rock Drawings and Petroglyphs in the Southwestern United States
50(1)
L'Anse aux Meadows
50(2)
Machu Picchu
52(2)
Link In Time: Machu Picchu Today
53(1)
Maize
54(2)
Mammoths
56(1)
Mayan Civilization
57(4)
Great Lives: Pakal the Great
59(1)
Turning Point: Mayan Astronomy
60(1)
Mississippian Cultures
61(2)
Mound Builders
63(3)
Great Lives: Frederick Ward Putnam
65(1)
Myths and Legends
66(4)
Link To Place: Trickster Stories in the Americas and Africa
68(2)
Nazca
70(1)
Norton Tradition
71(1)
Olmec Civilization
72(4)
Link In Time: Earliest Known Writing Discovered
73(3)
Paleo-Indians
76(2)
Potlatch
78(2)
Religion
80(5)
Link To Place: Shamans in the Americas and Africa
82(3)
Slavery
85(1)
Society
86(4)
Turning Point: Smallpox
87(3)
Taino
90(2)
Great Lives: Bartolomeo de las Casas (1484-1566)
91(1)
Technology and Inventions
92(3)
Ancient Weapons: The Atlatl
93(2)
Teotihuacan (ca. 300 B.C.E.-C.E. 700)
95(2)
Thule Tradition
97(1)
Tiwanaku (200 B.C.E.-C.E. 1000)
98(1)
Tobacco
98(3)
Link In Time: Legacy of Ancient Ritual
99(2)
Toltec Culture
101(2)
Tools and Weapons
103(2)
Ancient Weapons: Clovis Points
103(1)
Ancient Weapons: The Self-Bow
104(1)
Totems
105(2)
Vinland
107(3)
Great Lives: Leif Eriksson
107(3)
Glossary 110(3)
Selected Bibliography 113(6)
Index 119
List of Illustrations
vii
Topic Finder ix
Preface xi
Birthplace of Modern Civilization xiii
Map of the Ancient Near East and Southwest Asia
xvii
Agriculture
1(4)
Turning Point: Founder Crops
2(3)
Anatolia
5(1)
Arameans
6(1)
Archeological Discoveries
6(6)
Turning Point: The Dead Sea Scrolls: The Earliest Scriptures
10(2)
Art and Architecture
12(4)
Assyria
16(2)
Babylonia
18(3)
Turning Point: The Hanging Gardens of Babylon
18(3)
Bible
21(1)
Byzantine Empire
22(4)
Catal Huyuk
26(1)
Chaldeans
27(1)
Christianity
28(3)
Great Lives: Jesus of Nazareth
29(2)
Culture and Traditions
31(6)
Link To Place: Sacred Recipes in Ancient Mesopotamia
32(3)
Link In Time: Divination and Prophets
35(2)
Darius I, the Great (549-486 B.C.E.)
37(1)
Ebla
38(1)
Fertile Crescent
39(2)
Hammurabi (d. 1750)
41(1)
Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro
42(3)
Turning Point: First Planned Cities
43(2)
Hittites
45(2)
Indus River
47(1)
Islam
48(3)
Great Lives: Muhammad
49(2)
Jerusalem
51(1)
Jews and Judaism
52(5)
Great Lives: Abraham
52(3)
Turning Point: The Difficulties of Monotheism
55(2)
Language and Writing
57(5)
Link In Time: Parallel Creation Stories
59(3)
Lydians
62(3)
Turning Point: The First Coins
63(2)
Mesopotamia
65(2)
Link In Time: Medicine in Ancient Mesopotamia
66(1)
Monsoons
67(1)
Myths and Epics
68(6)
Link To Place: The Watery Void
71(3)
Parthian Empire
74(1)
Persia
75(4)
Ancient Weapons: Persian Swords and Daggers
76(3)
Phoenicians
79(4)
Turning Point: The Phoenician Alphabet
79(4)
Religion
83(7)
Turning Point: The Unifying Power of Islam
87(3)
Scythians
90(1)
Link To Place: Scythian Cultures in Central Asia
91(1)
Slavery
91(1)
Society
92(4)
Link To Place: Carpets in Traditional Societies
95(1)
Sumer
96(3)
Turning Point: Cuneiform
97(2)
Technology and Inventions
99(4)
Link To Place: Development of Scientific Thinking
100(3)
Tools and Weapons
103(4)
Link To Place: Standard of Ur
105(1)
Ancient Weapons: The Scythed Chariot
106(1)
Ur
107(1)
Zoroastrianism
108(3)
Glossary 111(4)
Selected Bibliography 115(6)
Index 121
List of Illustrations
vii
Topic Finder ix
Preface xi
Ancient Asia and the Pacific Basin: More Than the Sum of Its Parts xiii
Map of Ancient Asia and the Pacific
xvii
Aboriginal Peoples
1(1)
Agriculture
2(4)
Turning Point: Terraced Farming
4(2)
Angkor Wat
6(1)
Archeological Discoveries
7(7)
Turning Point: Terra-cotta Soldiers
10(2)
Link In Time: The Great Wall
12(2)
Art and Architecture
14(4)
Turning Point: Todaiji Temple
16(2)
Australia
18(4)
Link To Place: Fossils: Australia and the Americas
20(2)
Buddhism
22(4)
Great Lives: The Buddha
25(1)
China
26(7)
Turning Point: Chinese Civil Service
28(5)
Confucianism
33(3)
Great Lives: Confucius
34(2)
Culture and Traditions
36(4)
Golden Horde
40(1)
Hinduism
41(3)
Huns
44(2)
Great Lives: Attila the Hun---``Scourge of God''?
45(1)
India
46(3)
Indian Ocean Trade
49(3)
Islam, Spread of
52(2)
Japan
54(5)
Turning Point: The Divine Wind
57(2)
Java
59(1)
Khmer Empire
60(1)
Korea
61(3)
Language and Writing
64(5)
Mandate of Heaven
69(1)
Melaka
70(1)
Micronesia
71(1)
Mongols
72(4)
Ancient Weapons: The Mongolian Bow
73(3)
Monsoons
76(1)
Myths and Epics
77(4)
Link To Place: Indian and Greek Epics
78(2)
Link To Place: Asian Creation Myths
80(1)
New Zealand
81(3)
Link In Time: Maori Culture: Ancient and Modern
82(2)
Pax Sinica
84(1)
Polynesia
85(2)
Religion
87(6)
Turning Point: Reincarnation
89(2)
Turning Point: Indian Temples and Temple Worship
91(2)
Shinto
93(2)
Silk Road
95(1)
Slavery
96(1)
Society
97(4)
Ancient Weapons: The Japanese Samurai Sword and the Javanese Kris
98(3)
Spice Trade
101(1)
Sri Lanka
102(1)
Sukhothai and Ayudhya
103(1)
Technology and Inventions
104(5)
Turning Point: The Concept of Zero
106(2)
Turning Point: The First Seismograph
108(1)
Tools and Weapons
109(2)
Vietnam
111(1)
Zheng He (ca. C.E. 1371-1433)
112(2)
Glossary 114(3)
Selected Bibliography 117(5)
Index 122
Sarolta Takįcs is Professor of History at Rutgers University, USA.

Eric H. Cline is Professor of Classics, Anthropology, and History at The George Washington University, USA.