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CHAPTER 1 An Evolutionary Approach to Animal Behavior |
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1 | (28) |
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2 | (4) |
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How Questions about Proximate causes |
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3 | (1) |
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Why Questions about Proximate causes |
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4 | (2) |
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Answering Proximate and Ultimate Questions about Behavior |
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6 | (8) |
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Beewolves and Homing Behavior |
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7 | (4) |
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11 | (3) |
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Darwinian Theory and Ultimate Hypotheses |
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14 | (6) |
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Darwinian Logic and the Study of Behavior |
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16 | (4) |
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Testing Alternative Hypotheses |
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20 | (9) |
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23 | (6) |
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CHAPTER 2 The Proximate Causes of Behavior: Analyzing Communication |
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29 | (30) |
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Species Differences in Behavior: Behavioral Development |
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30 | (10) |
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The Development of Song Differences in Different Species of Fruit Flies |
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35 | (5) |
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Sex Differences in Behavior: Neural Mechanisms |
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40 | (3) |
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The Development of the Song System in Male and Female Birds |
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41 | (2) |
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Differences in the Response of Male and Female Birds to Song |
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43 | (1) |
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Individual Differences in Behavior: Proximate Levels of Analysis |
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43 | (16) |
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Social Experience and Song Acquisition in Song Birds |
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47 | (3) |
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Social Influences on Song Learning in a Brood Parasite |
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50 | (3) |
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The Development of Human Speech |
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53 | (6) |
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CHAPTER 3 The Development of Behavior: The Role of Genes |
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59 | (28) |
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How Genetic Differences Affect Behavioral Development |
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60 | (17) |
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Comparing Parents and Offspring: Migratory Behavior of Blackcap Warblers |
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61 | (2) |
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Foraging in Fruit Fly Larvae |
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63 | (6) |
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Comparing Other Relatives |
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69 | (1) |
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Genetic Differences and IQ Differences |
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70 | (2) |
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Producing Genetic Mosaics |
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72 | (2) |
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Artificial Selection Experiments |
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74 | (3) |
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Genetic Differences and Alternative Phenotypes |
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77 | (10) |
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Different Populations, Different Genes, Different Behavioral Traits |
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79 | (8) |
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CHAPTER 4 The Development of Behavior: The Role of the Environment |
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87 | (40) |
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The Interactive Theory of Development |
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88 | (7) |
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Hormones in the Uterine Environment of Mouse Embryos |
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90 | (1) |
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Hormones and the Division of Labor in Honey Bee Colonies |
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91 | (4) |
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Early Experience and Behavioral Development |
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95 | (8) |
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95 | (2) |
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Early Experience and Recognition of Kin |
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97 | (3) |
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Learning as Behavioral Development |
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100 | (3) |
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The Evolution of Behavioral Flexibility |
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103 | (14) |
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The Flexibility to become a Cannibal |
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103 | (2) |
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Social Unpredictability and Brain Development |
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105 | (1) |
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Unpredictable Environments and Learning |
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106 | (3) |
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The Benefits and Costs of Behavioral Flexibility |
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109 | (2) |
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Sex Differences in Spatial Learning Ability |
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111 | (2) |
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The Evolution of Other Specialized Learning Skills |
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113 | (4) |
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The Evolution of Developmental Homeostasis |
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117 | (10) |
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Behavioral Development under Abnormal Conditions |
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118 | (4) |
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Developmental Homeostasis and Human Behavior |
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122 | (5) |
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CHAPTER 5 The Control of Behavior: Neural Mechanisms |
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127 | (50) |
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Nerve Cells Control Behavior |
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128 | (12) |
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Fixed Action Patterns and Sign Stimuli |
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130 | (5) |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (2) |
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Action Potentials and Information |
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138 | (2) |
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Stimulus Filtering: A Mechanism for Selective Perception |
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140 | (16) |
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Selective Tectile Detection and Analysis in the Star-Nosed Mole |
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145 | (4) |
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Stimulus Filtering and Selective Visual Perception |
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149 | (3) |
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Optical Illusions and Face Detectors |
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152 | (2) |
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The Perception of Movement |
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154 | (2) |
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The Sensory Basis of Navigation |
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156 | (8) |
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Backup Orientation Mechanisms |
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158 | (2) |
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160 | (4) |
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Mechanisms of Motor Control |
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164 | (13) |
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The Song of the Midshipman Fish |
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168 | (1) |
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Central Pattern Generators |
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169 | (8) |
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CHAPTER 6 The Control of Behavior: Organizing Mechanisms |
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177 | (36) |
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Organizing Behavior in the Short Term: Command Centers |
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178 | (4) |
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Neural Inhibition among Command Centers |
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180 | (2) |
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Mechanisms for Timing Behavior Appropriately |
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182 | (9) |
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Exploring Circadian Mechanisms |
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185 | (6) |
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Long-Term Cycles of Behavior: Timing Mechanisms |
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191 | (12) |
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Variation in the Physical Environment: Influences on Long-Term Cycles |
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194 | (4) |
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Changing Priorities in a Changing Social Environment |
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198 | (5) |
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Hormones as Mediators of Behavioral Changes |
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203 | (10) |
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CHAPTER 7 The Evolution of Communication: Historical Pathways |
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213 | (40) |
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Evolutionary Levels of Analysis |
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214 | (6) |
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214 | (2) |
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216 | (4) |
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Reconstructing the History of a Complex Signal |
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220 | (11) |
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An Accumulation of Small Changes |
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221 | (4) |
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The Evolution of Flapping Wings |
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225 | (6) |
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The History of a Mechanism for Receiving Signals |
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231 | (8) |
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The Evolution of Insect Flight |
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235 | (4) |
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Sensory Exploitation and the Origins of Signals |
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239 | (14) |
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Sensory Preferences Can Precede the Appearance of a Preferred Signal |
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240 | (13) |
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CHAPTER 8 The Evolution of Communication: Adaptation in Signalers and Receivers |
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253 | (36) |
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Questions about Adaptation and Signal Givers |
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254 | (12) |
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Why Do Different Bird Species Sing Different Songs? |
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255 | (2) |
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257 | (5) |
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262 | (4) |
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The Meaning of Adaptation |
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266 | (9) |
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The Adaptationist Approach |
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268 | (2) |
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Identifying Darwinian Puzzles |
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270 | (5) |
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An Adaptationist Approach to Signal Receivers |
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275 | (14) |
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277 | |
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The Darwinian Puzzle of Deception |
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000 | |
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CHAPTER 9 Adaptive Responses to Predators |
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289 | (52) |
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Making Detection Less Likely |
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290 | (15) |
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The Comparative Methods of Testing Adaptationist Hypotheses |
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294 | (6) |
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300 | (4) |
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Costs and Benefits and Optimal Cryptic Behavior |
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304 | (1) |
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Making an Attack Less Likely |
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305 | (10) |
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Warning Coloration and Batesian Mimicry |
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307 | (3) |
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Associating with a Protected Species |
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310 | (2) |
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Advertising Unprofitability to Deter Pursuit |
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312 | (3) |
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Making Capture Less Likely |
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315 | (9) |
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315 | (2) |
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317 | (1) |
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318 | (2) |
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320 | (2) |
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322 | (2) |
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Making Consumption Less Likely |
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324 | (8) |
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327 | (2) |
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Attracting Competing Consumers |
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329 | (3) |
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Monarch Butterfly Defense Systems |
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332 | (9) |
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CHAPTER 10 Adaptive Feeding Behavior |
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341 | (42) |
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342 | (17) |
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The History of Prey Detection Mechanisms |
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344 | (1) |
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Getting Help from Companions |
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345 | (3) |
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The History of Honey Bee Dances |
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348 | (2) |
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The Adaptive Value of Honey Bee Dances |
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350 | (2) |
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Roosts and Breeding Colonies: Information Centers? |
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352 | (3) |
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355 | (4) |
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359 | (8) |
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Optimal Clam Selection by Northwestern Crows |
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360 | (1) |
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Optimal Mussel Selection by Oystercatchers |
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361 | (2) |
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Criticisms of Optimality Theory |
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363 | (2) |
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Alternative Tactics within Species |
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365 | (2) |
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367 | (8) |
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Sociality and the Capture of Large Prey |
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369 | (3) |
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372 | (3) |
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375 | (8) |
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375 | (2) |
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Where to Consume Captured Food |
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377 | (1) |
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377 | (6) |
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CHAPTER 11 Choosing Adaptively Where to Live |
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383 | (46) |
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384 | (4) |
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Habitat Preferences in a Territorial Species |
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386 | (2) |
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Dispersing from One Place to Another |
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388 | (6) |
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The Inbreeding Avoidance Hypothesis |
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390 | (1) |
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The Mate Competition Hypothesis |
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391 | (2) |
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Changing Breeding Locations or Staying Put |
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393 | (1) |
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394 | (12) |
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The Historical Basis of Migration |
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395 | (1) |
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The Costs and Benefits of Migration |
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396 | (4) |
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The Migration of the Monarch Butterfly |
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400 | (4) |
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The Coexistence of Migrants and Nonmigrants in the Same Species |
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404 | (2) |
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406 | (23) |
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Territoriality and Fitness |
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408 | (3) |
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Territoriality and Calories |
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411 | (2) |
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More Examples of Conditional Territoriality |
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413 | (2) |
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Long-Term Effects of Territoriality |
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415 | (1) |
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How Large Should a Territory Be? |
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415 | (5) |
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Why Do Territory Holders Almost Always Win? |
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420 | (9) |
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CHAPTER 12 Male and Female Reproductive Tactics |
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429 | (54) |
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The Evolution of Males and Females |
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430 | (9) |
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The Evolution of Sex Differences |
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431 | (4) |
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Testing the Evolutionary Theory of Sex Differences |
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435 | (4) |
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Sexual Selection and Competition for Copulations |
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439 | (10) |
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Social Dominance and Male Fitness |
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443 | (1) |
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Alternative Mating Tactics |
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444 | (2) |
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A Conditional Strategy with Alternative Mating Tactics |
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446 | (1) |
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Three Strategies: Three Mating Tactics |
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447 | (2) |
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Sexual Selection and Sperm Competition |
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449 | (7) |
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Mechanisms of Sperm Competition |
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449 | (3) |
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452 | (4) |
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Sexual Interactions: Female Choice and Material Benefits |
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456 | (12) |
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Female Control and Male Resources |
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457 | (5) |
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Female Choice Based on Male Appearance and Courtship |
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462 | (3) |
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Courtship Cues and Material Benefits |
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465 | (3) |
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Sexual Interactions: Female Choice when Material Benefits Are Not Offered |
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468 | (5) |
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Testing the Healthy Mate, Good Genes, and Runaway Selection Theories |
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470 | (3) |
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Sexual Interactions: Female Sperm Choice |
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473 | (2) |
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Sexual Interactions: Female-Male Conflict |
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475 | (8) |
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Sexual Harassment and Forced Copulation |
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475 | (1) |
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Infanticide and Selective Male Parental Investment |
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476 | (7) |
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CHAPTER 13 The Evolution of Mating Systems |
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483 | (40) |
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484 | (13) |
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The Puzzle of Monogamous Males |
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484 | (3) |
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487 | (2) |
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489 | (2) |
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Extra-Pair Copulations: The Male Perspective |
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491 | (2) |
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Extra-Pair Copulations: The Female Perspective |
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493 | (4) |
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Polyandry without Polygyny |
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497 | (3) |
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500 | (17) |
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501 | (2) |
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Female Defense Polygyny: The Female Perspective |
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503 | (1) |
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Resource Defense Polygyny |
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504 | (1) |
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Resource Defense Polygyny: The Female Perspective |
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505 | (2) |
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Scramble Competition Polygyny |
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507 | (3) |
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510 | (1) |
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Why Do Males Aggregate in Leks? |
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511 | (5) |
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Leks and Extreme Female Choice |
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516 | (1) |
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The Mating Systems of the Dunnock |
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517 | (6) |
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CHAPTER 14 The Adaptive Tactics of Parents |
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523 | (32) |
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Why Is Parental Care More Often Provided by Females? |
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524 | (11) |
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The "Low Reliability of Paternity" Hypothesis |
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524 | (1) |
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The "Order of Gamete Release" Hypothesis |
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525 | (2) |
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The "Association with Young" Hypothesis |
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527 | (1) |
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528 | (3) |
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Why Do Male Waterbugs Do All the Parental Work? |
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531 | (3) |
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Why Are Male Burying Beetles Paternal? |
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534 | (1) |
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Discriminating and Nondiscriminating Parental Care |
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535 | (10) |
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Offspring Recognition: Comparative Studies |
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537 | (2) |
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Costly Adoption of Genetic Strangers |
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539 | (4) |
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Adoption with Direct Benefits for the Adopters |
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543 | (2) |
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The Evolution of Parental Favoritism |
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545 | (10) |
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CHAPTER 15 The Adaptive Value of Social Living |
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555 | (48) |
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The Costs and Benefits of Sociality |
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556 | (5) |
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The Evolution of Helpful Behavior |
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561 | (22) |
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Altruism and Indirect Selection |
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564 | (3) |
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567 | (2) |
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569 | (6) |
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Alarm Calls and Indirect Selection |
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575 | (3) |
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Mating Cooperation among Males |
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578 | (2) |
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Manakin Coalitions and Cooperative Courtship |
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580 | (3) |
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The Evolution of Eusocial Behavior |
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583 | (20) |
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Eusociality, Genetics, and Haplodiploidy |
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588 | (2) |
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The Haplodiploid Hypothesis Examined |
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590 | (2) |
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Very Close Genetic Relatedness Is Not Essential for The Evolution of Eusociality |
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592 | (3) |
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The Ecology of Eusociality |
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595 | (8) |
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CHAPTER 16 The Evolution of Human Behavior |
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603 | |
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The Adaptationist Approach to Human Behavior |
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604 | (10) |
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The Sociobiology Controversy |
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605 | (4) |
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How To Explain the Diversity of Human Cultures |
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609 | (1) |
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Sociobiology versus Arbitrary Culture Theory on Adoption |
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610 | (4) |
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Adaptive Decisions: Human Sexual Behavior |
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614 | (15) |
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Mate Choice by Females and Its Consequences |
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615 | (4) |
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Conflict between the Sexes |
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619 | (3) |
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622 | (3) |
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Female Control of Paternity |
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625 | (2) |
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Sperm Competition and Mate Guarding |
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627 | (2) |
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Adaptive Decisions: The Human Family |
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629 | |
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Partitioning Parental Care |
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629 | (3) |
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632 | |
| Glossary |
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G-1 | |
| Bibliography |
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B-1 | |
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IC-1 | |
| Index |
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I-1 | |
