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El. knyga: Animal Nutrition with Transgenic Plants [CABI E-books]

Contributions by (AgroParisTech, Paris, France), Contributions by , Contributions by , Edited by (FLI Braunschweig, Germany), Contributions by (EFSA Parma, Italy), Contributions by , Contributions by (University of Gent, Belgium), Contributions by (Dept of Biosciences,, University of Eastern Finland, , , ), Contributions by (Free University of Berlin, Germany), Contributions by (LUA Dresden, Germany)
  • Formatas: 248 pages
  • Serija: CABI Biotechnology Series
  • Išleidimo metai: 25-Nov-2013
  • Leidėjas: CABI Publishing
  • ISBN-13: 9781780641768
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • CABI E-books
  • Kaina: 102,00 €*
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Animal Nutrition with Transgenic PlantsDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: 248 pages
  • Serija: CABI Biotechnology Series
  • Išleidimo metai: 25-Nov-2013
  • Leidėjas: CABI Publishing
  • ISBN-13: 9781780641768
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Wiley OnlineMore info about CABI e-books
This new series will extend the scope of CABI's Biotechnology in Agriculture Series to address other areas such as transgenic organisms, molecular analysis, molecular pharming, in vitro culture, public opinion, economics, development, and biosafety. It is addressed to researchers, upper-level students, and policy makers. In this volume, scientists summarize the present state of knowledge about cultivating genetically modified (GM) plants for animal feed, and the feeding of such materials to food-producing animals. Drawing from scientific studies published in peer-reviewed journals, they consider such topics as fundamentals of plant biotechnology, types of feeding studies for assessing the nutrition and safety of feeds from GM plants, the fate of transgenic DNA and newly expressed proteins, feed additives produced by GM microorganisms, and public acceptance of GM plants. Distributed in the US by Stylus Publishing. Annotation ©2014 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)

Transgenic plants are cultivated globally on a large scale, and mostly fed to domestic animals. Including over 150 feeding studies with food-producing animals, and covering first and second generation transgenic plants, this book is the first key resource of this information for researchers, students and policy makers.

Daugiau informacijos

The first central resource of this information available
Contributors xi
Preface xiii
1 Introduction and Background -- Challenges and Limitations of GM Plants for Animal Nutrition
1(13)
Gerhard Flachowsky
1.1 Global Food Situation
1(3)
1.2 Plant Breeding as the Starting Point of the Food Chain
4(2)
1.3 Food-producing Animals as Part of the Food Chain
6(2)
1.4 Challenges and Developments
8(6)
References
9(5)
2 Fundamentals of Plant Biotechnology
14(16)
Marc De Loose
Ann Depicker
2.1 The Importance of Biotechnology in Plant Breeding
14(3)
2.1.1 Breeding and mutagenesis
14(1)
2.1.2 Polyploidization
15(1)
2.1.3 Somatic hybridization
15(1)
2.1.4 Transgenesis or genetic modification
15(1)
2.1.5 Molecular marker technology
16(1)
2.2 GMO Technology: What, How and Its Importance to Plant Breeding
17(11)
2.2.1 The first step: isolation and functional analysis of genes
17(2)
2.2.2 The cloning step: from gene isolation towards the assembly of a functional transgene construct
19(1)
2.2.3 Selectable markers
20(2)
2.2.4 Cloning vectors for plant transgenes
22(1)
2.2.5 Transfer of the transgene construct into the genome of a plant cell
22(1)
2.2.6 Integration of the transgene construct into the genome of a plant cell
23(2)
2.2.7 Identification/selection of transformants
25(1)
2.2.8 Identification and characterization of an elite event
26(1)
2.2.9 Risk evaluation of a transgenic event
27(1)
2.2.10 The elite event is the starting point for the development of GM plant varieties
28(1)
2.3 Future Prospects
28(2)
References
29(1)
3 Guidance Documents for Nutritional and Safety Assessment of Feeds from GM Plants
30(20)
Yi Liu
Anna Christodoulidou
Antonio Fernandez Dumont
Andrea Germini
Claudia Paoletti
3.1 Introduction
30(1)
3.2 EU Legislative Framework
30(2)
3.3 The European Food Safety Authority
32(1)
3.4 EFSA Guidance for Risk Assessment of Food and Feed from GM Plants
33(7)
3.4.1 Molecular characterization
34(1)
3.4.2 Food and feed safety evaluation
34(2)
3.4.3 Toxicological assessment
36(1)
3.4.4 Allergenicity assessment
37(1)
3.4.5 Nutritional assessment
38(1)
3.4.6 Environmental risk assessment
38(1)
3.4.7 Exposure assessment
39(1)
3.4.8 Risk characterization and post-market monitoring
39(1)
3.5 Applications of GM Plants for Food and Feed Uses
40(1)
3.6 Nutritional and Safety Assessment of GM Food and Feed Outside of Europe
40(6)
3.6.1 Australia and New Zealand
42(1)
3.6.2 Asia: China, India and Japan
42(2)
3.6.3 North America: USA and Canada
44(1)
3.6.4 South America: Argentina and Brazil
45(1)
3.6.5 Africa: South Africa
45(1)
3.7 Conclusions
46(4)
References
47(3)
4 Compositional Analysis for Nutritional and Safety Assessment of Feeds from GM Plants
50(9)
Gijs Kleter
Esther Kok
4.1 Introduction
50(1)
4.2 Principles of Safety Assessment
50(2)
4.3 Methodology
52(3)
4.3.1 Field trial design
52(1)
4.3.2 Compositional analysis
52(2)
4.3.3 Interpretation of outcomes
54(1)
4.4 Composition in Relation to Nutrition
55(1)
4.5 Outlook
56(1)
4.6 Conclusions and Summary
56(3)
References
57(2)
5 Types of Feeding Studies for Nutritional and Safety Assessment of Feeds from GM Plants
59(13)
Gerhard Flachowsky
5.1 Introduction
59(1)
5.2 Types of Feeding Studies
60(1)
5.3 Experimental Design and Animal Feeding
61(1)
5.4 Laboratory Animals
62(1)
5.5 Target Animals
63(6)
5.5.1 Measuring digestibility/bioavailability (nutrient availability)
64(1)
5.5.2 Efficiency studies including transfer of nutrients with GM plants with input traits (first generation)
64(2)
5.5.3 Efficiency studies including transfer of nutrients with GM plants with output traits (second generation)
66(3)
5.5.4 Long-term and multi-generation feeding studies
69(1)
5.6 Conclusions
69(3)
References
70(2)
6 Feeding Studies with First-generation GM Plants (Input Traits) with Food-producing Animals
72(22)
Gerhard Flachowsky
6.1 Introduction
72(1)
6.2 Composition
73(1)
6.3 Digestion Trials
73(3)
6.4 Animal Feeding Studies
76(10)
6.5 Conclusions
86(8)
References
87(7)
7 Feeding Studies with Second-generation GM Plants (Output Traits) with Food-producing Animals
94(18)
Gerhard Flachowsky
7.1 Introduction
94(3)
7.2 Protein and Amino Acids
97(1)
7.3 Fat and Fatty Acids
98(1)
7.4 Carbohydrates
99(1)
7.5 Minerals
100(1)
7.6 Vitamin Precursors and Vitamins
101(1)
7.7 Enzymes
102(1)
7.8 Phytate and Phytase
103(1)
7.9 Conclusions
104(8)
References
105(7)
8 Long-term and Multi-generational Animal Feeding Studies
112(18)
Agnes E. Ricroch
Aude Berheim
Chelsea Snell
Gerard Pascal
Alain Paris
Marcel Kuntz
8.1 Introduction
112(1)
8.2 Results
113(12)
8.2.1 Long-term studies
113(5)
8.2.2 Multi-generational studies
118(7)
8.3 Discussion
125(1)
8.3.1 Funding of long-term feeding studies
125(1)
8.3.2 Short-term versus long-term feeding studies
125(1)
8.3.3 Exploratory studies in the context of a step-by-step approach
125(1)
8.3.4 Standard protocols, quality of the studies and harmonization of protocols
126(1)
8.4 Conclusions
126(4)
Acknowledgements
127(1)
References
127(3)
9 The Fate of Transgenic DNA and Newly Expressed Proteins
130(10)
Rolf Einspanier
9.1 Introduction
130(1)
9.2 General Aspects of GM Feed, Transgenic DNA and Newly Expressed Proteins
130(4)
9.2.1 The fate of ingested feed DNA
131(1)
9.2.2 The fate of ingested feed proteins
132(1)
9.2.3 Resume
133(1)
9.3 Special Issues Concerning Distribution of Transgenic Polymers
134(1)
9.4 Summary and Outlook
135(5)
References
136(4)
10 Influence of Feeds from GM Plants on Composition/Quality of Food of Animal Origin
140(16)
Gerhard Flachowsky
10.1 Introduction
140(1)
10.2 Studies with First-generation GM crops
140(6)
10.2.1 Recombinant DNA and newly expressed proteins
142(1)
10.2.2 Product composition and quality
142(4)
10.3 Studies with Second-generation GM crops
146(4)
10.3.1 Increased content of amino acids
147(1)
10.3.2 Expression and use of stearidonic acid in soybeans (C18:4 n-3; stearidonic acid, SDA)
148(1)
10.3.3 Conjugated linoleic acids
149(1)
10.3.4 Higher concentration in micronutrients (e.g. the nutrient precursor, β-carotene)
150(1)
10.4 Conclusions
150(6)
References
150(6)
11 Feed Additives Produced by GM Microorganisms (GMMs)
156(10)
Atte von Wright
11.1 Introduction
156(1)
11.2 What is a GMM?
156(1)
11.3 The Traditional Use of Microorganisms and Derived Products in Feeds
157(1)
11.3.1 Microorganisms added directly into feed
157(1)
11.3.2 Microbial enzymes
157(1)
11.3.3 Microbially produced amino acids
158(1)
11.3.4 Microbial biomasses
158(1)
11.4 The Safety Assessment of GMM-derived Feed Additives and Feed Ingredients
158(3)
11.4.1 The safety requirements for GMMs and derived products as defined by the EFSA
159(1)
11.4.2 The general safety requirements for microbial feed additives
159(2)
11.5 Examples of GMM Feed Additives Assessed and Authorized in the EU
161(1)
11.6 Conclusions
161(5)
Note
161(3)
References
164(2)
12 The Pipeline of GM Crops for Improved Animal Feed: Challenges for Commercial Use
166(27)
Pascal Tillie
Koen Dillen
Emilio Rodriguez-Cerezo
12.1 Introduction
166(1)
12.2 Research Methodology for the Pipeline Survey
166(1)
12.3 New Events in the Pipeline of GM Crops for Animal Nutrition
167(18)
12.3.1 Low-phytate crops to improve phosphorus nutrition
167(5)
12.3.2 Crops enriched in essential amino acids
172(6)
12.3.3 Crops with a low lignin content and improved digestibility
178(4)
12.3.4 Crops with a modified fatty acid profile or content
182(3)
12.4 Discussion and Conclusions
185(8)
Acknowledgements
187(1)
Notes
187(1)
References
187(6)
13 Cultivation and Developments in the Field of GM Plants in Asia
193(9)
Jie Wen
Ranran Liu
13.1 The Current Status of GM Plants in Asia
193(1)
13.1.1 China
193(1)
13.1.2 India
193(1)
13.1.3 Japan
194(1)
13.1.4 Philippines
194(1)
13.1.5 Korea
194(1)
13.2 The Current R&D Status of GM Plants in Asia
194(3)
13.2.1 The current R&D status of GM plants in China
194(2)
13.2.2 The current R&D status of GM plants in Japan
196(1)
13.3 Safety Assessment of Food/Feed from GM Plants in Asia
197(1)
13.3.1 Substantial equivalence (SE) of nutrition
197(1)
13.3.2 Nutritional assessment in animals
197(1)
13.3.3 Toxicology studies
198(1)
13.3.4 Allergenicity assessment
198(1)
13.3.5 Horizontal transformation of introduced genes
198(1)
13.4 Regulations on Administration of GM Plant Safety in Asia
198(1)
13.5 The Future of GM Plants in Asia
199(3)
References
200(2)
14 Socio-economic Aspects of Growing GM Crops
202(13)
Matin Qaim
14.1 Introduction
202(1)
14.2 Impacts of Herbicide-tolerant Crops
203(1)
14.2.1 Agronomic and economic effects
203(1)
14.2.2 Environmental effects
204(1)
14.3 Impacts of Insect-resistant Crops
204(4)
14.3.1 Agronomic and economic effects
205(1)
14.3.2 Social effects
206(1)
14.3.3 Environmental and health effects
207(1)
14.4 Macro-level Effects of GM Crops
208(1)
14.5 Potential Impacts of Future GM Crops
209(2)
14.5.1 Crops with improved agronomic traits
209(2)
14.5.2 Crops with improved nutritional traits
211(1)
14.6 Conclusions
211(4)
Note
212(1)
References
212(3)
15 Public Acceptance of GM Plants
215(8)
Joachim Scholderer
Wim Verbeke
15.1 Introduction
215(1)
15.2 What is Public Acceptance?
215(1)
15.3 The Buying Behaviour of Consumers
216(1)
15.4 Political Attitudes Held by Citizens
217(2)
15.5 Adoption Decisions Made by Farmers
219(1)
15.6 The Role of Food Manufacturers and Retailers
219(1)
15.7 The World of Pressure Groups and Lobbying
220(1)
15.8 Conclusions
221(2)
References
221(2)
Index 223
Gerhard Flachowsky is a member of the GMO-Panel of the European Food Safety Authority Since May 2009: Visiting Senior Scientist at the Institute of Animal Nutrition Until April 2009: Head of the Institute of Animal Nutrition; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute; Germany
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