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El. knyga: Aquaculture

Volume editor (Professor of Biology and Director of Animal Care, University of New Brunswick, Canada), Volume editor (University of British Columbia, USA), Volume editor (University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada)
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Serija: Fish Physiology
  • Išleidimo metai: 01-Dec-2020
  • Leidėjas: Academic Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128226568
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Serija: Fish Physiology
  • Išleidimo metai: 01-Dec-2020
  • Leidėjas: Academic Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128226568

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Fish Physiology, Volume 38 in this ongoing series, examines how the inherent potential of fish to express traits of economic value can be realized through aquaculture. Topics covered include the regulation of the reproductive cycle of captive fish, shifting carnivorous fish towards plant-based diets, defining the challenges, opportunities and optimal conditions for growth under intensive culture (including in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems), enhancing immune function and fish health during culture, identifying and managing maladaptive physiological responses to aquaculture stressors, establishing welfare guidelines for farmed fish, phenotypic and physiological responses to genetic modification, Zebrafish as a research tool, and the aquaculture of air-breathing fish.

  • Contains contributions from an international board of authors, each with decades of aquaculture expertise
  • Provides the most up-to-date information on the fundamental role that physiology plays in optimizing fish performance in aquaculture
  • Provides the latest release in the Fish Physiology series that tackles how the manipulation of biological processes can be used to maximize the expression of beneficial production traits in fish aquaculture
Contributors xi
Preface xiii
Abbreviations xvii
1 Regulating reproductive cycles for captive spawning
1(52)
David L. Berlinsky
Unas W. Kenter
Benjamin J. Reading
Frederick W. Goetz
1 Introduction
2(1)
2 Sex determination
3(4)
2.1 Implications and applications for aquaculture
5(1)
2.2 Control of sex determination and differentiation
5(2)
2.3 Establishment of clonal lines
7(1)
3 Puberty
7(9)
3.1 Implications and applications for aquaculture
11(1)
3.2 Monitoring reproductive status
11(2)
3.3 Chemical detection of maturity status
13(1)
3.4 Control of puberty
14(1)
3.5 Hormonal manipulation of puberty
15(1)
3.6 Genetic Factors Influencing Puberty
15(1)
4 Gametogenesis
16(3)
4.1 Implications and applications for aquaculture
17(1)
4.2 Surrogate spawning technologies
18(1)
5 Spermatogenesis and spermiation
19(4)
5.1 Implications and applications for aquaculture
20(2)
5.2 Sperm cryopreservation
22(1)
6 Oogenesis, previtellogenesis and vitellogenesis
23(2)
6.1 Implications and applications for aquaculture
24(1)
7 Oocyte maturation and ovulation
25(5)
7.1 Implications and Applications for Aquaculture
26(3)
7.2 Gamete Collection and Spawning
29(1)
8 Knowledge gaps and future directions
30(1)
Acknowledgments
31(1)
References
32(21)
2 Physiological considerations in shifting carnivorous fishes to plant-based diets
53(30)
Stefanie M. Colombo
1 Introduction
54(1)
2 Nutrient requirements of carnivorous fish
55(1)
3 Fish meal and fish oil in aquafeeds
56(1)
4 Shift from carnivorism to veganism in aquafeeds
56(3)
5 Impacts of plant-based diets on fish physiology
59(10)
5.1 Growth, physiology, and metabolism
59(3)
5.2 Intestinal physiology and function
62(3)
5.3 Health, stress, and immune response
65(2)
5.4 Reproduction and early ontogeny
67(2)
6 Genetic and genomic adaptation to plant-based diets
69(4)
6.1 Genomic response
69(2)
6.2 Nutritional programming
71(2)
7 Knowledge gap and future direction of plant-based aquaculture feeds
73(1)
References
73(10)
3 Physiological performance in aquaculture: Using physiology to help define optimal conditions for growth and environmental tolerance
83(40)
Colin J. Brauner
Jeffrey G. Richards
1 Introduction
84(1)
2 Growth and physiological performance
85(5)
2.1 Optimal conditions for growth and aerobic scope
86(3)
2.2 Relevance of physiological performance in stress tolerance tests to aquaculture
89(1)
3 Using physiology to define optimal environmental conditions
90(14)
3.1 The osmorespiratory compromise and implications for aquaculture
90(1)
3.2 Temperature
91(2)
3.3 Salinity
93(3)
3.4 Swimming speed
96(1)
3.5 Hypoxia
97(3)
3.6 Gill damage and multiple impacts
100(2)
3.7 Accelerated growth rate effects on physiological performance
102(2)
4 Measuring physiological performance
104(6)
4.1 Thermal tolerance
104(2)
4.2 Salinity tolerance
106(2)
4.3 Swimming performance and aerobic scope
108(1)
4.4 Hypoxia tolerance
109(1)
5 Summary
110(1)
References
111(12)
4 Enhancing immune function and fish health in aquaculture
123(40)
Manuel Soto Davila
Maureen Frances Latimer
Brian Dixon
1 Current knowledge of fish immunity
123(4)
1.1 Introduction
123(1)
1.2 Innate immunity and immune organs
124(2)
1.3 Adaptive immunity
126(1)
2 Vaccination in fishes
127(9)
2.1 Types of aquaculture vaccines
128(2)
2.2 Vaccine delivery
130(5)
2.3 Future outlook for aquaculture vaccines
135(1)
3 The use of immunostimulants and functional feed ingredients in fish aquaculture
136(11)
3.1 Prebiotics
137(2)
3.2 Probiotics
139(4)
3.3 Vitamins
143(4)
4 Conclusions
147(1)
References
147(16)
5 Identifying and managing maladaptive physiological responses to aquaculture stressors
163(30)
Luis O.B. Afonso
1 Introduction
164(3)
1.1 Adaptive and maladaptive responses to stress
165(2)
2 Significance of measuring stress in aquaculture
167(1)
2.1 Importance of measuring indicators of stress to understand their effects on health, survival, and growth
167(1)
3 Intensity and duration of stress: Acute (adaptive) versus chronic (maladaptive) stress
168(6)
3.1 Both duration and intensity of stressor can affect specific indicators of stress differently
168(6)
4 Indicators of adaptive and maladaptive stress response in fish
174(5)
5 Field studies: Assessing acute and chronic stress in aquaculture facilities
179(5)
5.1 Laboratory-based studies to assess aquaculture-related stressors
179(2)
5.2 Use of electronic sensor-tags to assess aquaculture-related stressors
181(3)
6 Concluding remarks and future directions
184(2)
References
186(7)
6 Theoretical basis and principles for welfare assessment of farmed fish
193(44)
Tore S. Kristiansen
Angelico Madaro
Lars H. Stien
Marc B.M. Bracke
Chris Noble
1 Introduction--Why fish welfare matters
194(4)
2 Welfare states and welfare needs
198(13)
2.1 Appropriate water environment
201(5)
2.2 Adequate nutrition
206(2)
2.3 Good health
208(1)
2.4 Behavioral freedom
208(2)
2.5 Safety
210(1)
3 Welfare assessment
211(9)
3.1 Welfare indicators
212(2)
3.2 Welfare monitoring
214(3)
3.3 Physiological Wis and LABWIs
217(1)
3.4 Overall welfare assessment
218(2)
4 Concluding remarks and future directions
220(2)
References
222(15)
7 Genetic modification of growth in fish species used in aquaculture: Phenotypic and physiological responses
237(36)
Robert H. Devlin
Rosalind A. Leggatt
Tillmann J. Benfey
1 Introduction
238(1)
2 Historical development and objectives of genetic engineering in fish for aquaculture to enhance productivity
238(1)
3 Growth-accelerated genetically engineered fishes
239(20)
3.1 Endocrinological effects of GH overexpression
240(4)
3.2 GH transgenesis, domestication, and triploidy
244(1)
3.3 Muscle development
245(1)
3.4 Nutritional requirements and capabilities
246(6)
3.5 Secondary (pleiotropic) effects of GH transgenesis
252(7)
4 Summary, knowledge gaps, and future directions
259(1)
References
260(13)
8 The use of the zebrafish as a model in fish aquaculture research
273(42)
Francesc Piferrer
Laia Ribas
1 The zebrafish model
274(1)
1.1 Zebrafish natural habitat and life cycle
274(1)
1.2 Husbandry and euthanasia of domesticated zebrafish
275(1)
2 Zebrafish as a research tool
275(2)
2.1 Zebrafish strains and transgenic lines
275(1)
2.2 Gene editing and imaging techniques
276(1)
2.3 Tagging methods
277(1)
3 Zebrafish as model in aquaculture research
277(1)
3.1 The emergence of zebrafish
277(1)
3.2 Aquaculture research areas in which zebrafish is present
278(1)
4 Zebrafish responses to the environment
278(6)
4.1 Stress response and coping styles
278(1)
4.2 Nociception
279(1)
4.3 Immune response
280(2)
4.4 Toxicology
282(1)
4.5 Nanoparticle exposure
283(1)
5 Nutrition
284(5)
5.1 Growth and skeletal abnormalities
284(1)
5.2 Nutrition and diet development
285(3)
5.3 Nutritional programming
288(1)
6 Reproduction
289(7)
6.1 Hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis
289(2)
6.2 Sex determination and differentiation
291(3)
6.3 Environmental influences on population sex ratios
294(2)
7 Conclusions
296(2)
Acknowledgments
298(1)
References
298(17)
9 Aquaculture of air-breathing fishes
315(40)
Mark Bayley
Christian Damsgaard
N.V. Cong
Nguyen Thanh Phuong
Do Thi Thanh Huong
1 Introduction
316(1)
2 Current production systems and production history
317(6)
3 The impact of air-breathing on respiratory physiology
323(15)
3.1 Oxygen
323(4)
3.2 High aquatic C02 levels
327(3)
3.3 Tolerance of ammonia and nitrite
330(8)
4 Effects of climate change on growth in air-breathing fishes
338(4)
4.1 Effects of salinity elevation
338(3)
4.2 Effects of temperature elevation
341(1)
5 Summary and conclusions
342(1)
References
343(12)
Index 355(6)
Other volumes in the Fish Physiology series 361
Dr. Tony Farrell is a Professor Emeritus in the Department of Zoology & Faculty of Land and Food Systems at the University of British Columbia and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. His research had provided an understanding of fish cardiorespiratory systems and has applied this knowledge to salmon migratory passage, fish stress handling and their recovery, sustainable aquaculture and aquatic toxicology. He has over 490 research publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals and an h-factor of 92. He has co-edited of 30 volumes of the Fish Physiology series, as well as an award-winning Encyclopedia of Fish Physiology. As part of his application of physiology to aquaculture, he has studied the sub-lethal impacts of sea lice and piscine orthoreovirus on the physiology of juvenile salmon. Dr. Farrell has received multiple awards, including the Fry Medal, which is the highest honour to a scientist from the Canadian Society of Zoologists, the Beverton Medal, which is the highest honour to a scientist from the Fisheries Society of the British Isles, the Award of Excellence, which is the highest honour of the American Fisheries Society and the Murray A. Newman Awards both for Research and for Conservation from the Vancouver Marine Sciences Centre. He is a former President of the Society of Experimental Biologists and a former Editor-in-Chief for the Journal of Fish Biology. He served as a member of the Ministers Aquaculture Advisory Committee on Finfish Aquaculture for British Columbia and was a member of the Federal Independent Expert Panel on Aquaculture Science. Dr. Colin Brauner was educated in Canada at the University of British Columbia (Ph D), followed by a Post-doctoral fellowship at Aarhus University and the University of Southern Denmark, and was a Research Associate at McMaster University. He is a Professor of Zoology, UBC and Director of the UBC Aquatics Facility. He has been a Co-Editor of the Fish Physiology series since 2006. His research investigates environmental adaptations (both mechanistic and evolutionary) in relation to gas-exchange, acid-base balance and ion regulation in fish, integrating responses from the molecular, cellular and organismal level. The ultimate goal is to understand how evolutionary pressures have shaped physiological systems among vertebrates and to determine the degree to which physiological systems can adapt/acclimate to natural and anthropogenic environmental changes. This information is crucial for basic biology and understanding the diversity of biological systems, but much of his research conducted to date can also be applied to issues of aquaculture, toxicology and water quality criteria development, as well as fisheries management. His achievements have been recognized by the Society for Experimental Biology, UK (Presidents medal) and the Canadian Conference for Fisheries Research (J.C. Stevenson Memorial Lecturer) and the Vancouver Marine Sciences Centre (Murray A. Newman Award for Aquatic Research). He is a former President of the Canadian Society of Zoologists. Tillmann Benfey was educated in Canada at McGill University (BSc), Memorial University of Newfoundland (MSc) and the University of British Columbia (PhD), followed by a NATO Science fellowship at the MAFF Fisheries Laboratory in Lowestoft (United Kingdom). He is a Professor of Biology and the Director of Animal Care at the University of New Brunswick (Canada) where his research and training programs combine basic and applied studies in fish physiology, thereby allowing his students to develop expertise as scientists and use the knowledge gained to enhance fish performance and sustainability in aquaculture. He pioneered methods for producing single-sex and sterile populations of fish that are used in many countries, and he has been a science advisor to Fisheries and Oceans Canada, the US Food and Drug Administration, and the United Nations (Food and Agriculture Organization & World Health Organization). He has mentored over 100 undergraduate and graduate students, often in collaboration with government, industry and NGO partners, and has served two terms as President of the Aquaculture Association of Canada. His achievements have been recognized by awards from the New Brunswick Innovation Foundation (R3 Innovation Award for Excellence in Applied Research) and the Aquaculture Association of Canada (Research Award of Excellence).