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El. knyga: Argumentation in Everyday Life

  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 21-Jan-2019
  • Leidėjas: SAGE Publications Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781506383583
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  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 21-Jan-2019
  • Leidėjas: SAGE Publications Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781506383583
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"Good coverage of concepts with understandable explanations of theory. Very user friendly with exercises to use in and out of class. Connects well with other communication classes through the application of other communication concepts to argumentation."

Christopher Leland, Azusa Pacific University

Argumentation in Everyday Life provides students with the tools they need to argue effectively in the classroom and beyond. Jeffrey P. Mehltretter Drury offers rich coverage of theory while balancing everyday applicability, allowing students to use their skills soundly. Drury introduces the fundamentals of constructing and refuting arguments using the Toulmin model and ARG conditions (Acceptability, Relevance, and Grounds). Numerous real-world examples are connected to the theories of rhetoric and argumentation discussedenabling students to practice and apply the content in personal, civic, and professional contexts, as well as traditional academic debates. Encouraging self-reflection, this book empowers students to find their voice and create positive change through argumentation in everyday life.

Unique resources to help students navigate this complex terrain of argumentation:





"The Debate Situation" offers students a birds-eye view of any given debate (or exchange of arguments between two or more people) organized around three necessary components: arguments, issues, and the proposition. The visual model of the debate situation illustrates how these features work together in guiding a debate and it lays the groundwork for understanding and generating arguments. Easy to Use Standards for Evaluating Arguments combine a prominent argument model (named after logician Stephen Toulmin) with a standards-based approach (the ARG conditions) to test of quality of an argument. The ARG conditions are three questions an advocate should ask of an argument in determining whether or not it is rationally persuasive. These questions are best served by research but dont necessary require it, and thus they provide a useful posture for critically assessing the arguments you encounter. Multiple "Everyday Life" examples with an emphasis on context help students to connect the lessons more fully to their everyday life and encourages them to grapple explicitly with dilemmas arising in different contexts. "Find Your Voice Prompts" focus on choice & empowerment to offer strategies for students to choose which arguments to address and how to address themempowering students to use argumentation to find their voice. "Build Your Skill Prompts" use objective applications to test how well students have learned the information. They offer a chance to apply the material to additional examples that students can check against the answers in Appendix II. Two application exercises at the end of each chapter encourage students to think critically about the content, discuss their thoughts with their peers, and apply the material to everyday situations.

 

Recenzijos

"A good option that might provide students more direct support in crafting arguments." -- Susan P. Millsap "Good coverage of concepts with understandable explanations of theory. Very user friendly with exercises to use in and out of class. Connects well with other communication classes through the application of other communication concepts to argumentation." -- Christopher Leland

Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
Part I A Framework For Argumentation And Debate
Chapter 1 Introduction to Argumentation and Debate
3(20)
Argument, Debate, and Controversy
4(3)
Why Study Argumentation?
7(2)
Skills Are Empowering
7(1)
Skills Are Productive
8(1)
Skills Are Democratic
9(1)
Audiences and Co-Arguers
9(2)
Spheres of Argument
11(7)
Personal Spheres
12(1)
Technical Spheres
12(1)
Public Spheres
13(2)
Interaction of Spheres
15(3)
Summary
18(1)
Application Exercises
18(1)
Key Terms
19(1)
Endnotes
19(4)
Chapter 2 The Debate Situation
23(24)
Arguments
24(6)
Claims
24(1)
Support
25(1)
The Toulmin Model of an Argument
26(4)
A Proposition
30(4)
Policy Propositions
31(3)
Issues
34(2)
The Debate Situation
36(7)
Summary
43(1)
Application Exercises
43(1)
Key Terms
44(1)
Endnotes
44(3)
Chapter 3 Argumentation Ethics & Stances
47(24)
Argumentation and Debate Ethics
48(7)
Ethical Guideline 1: Honesty
49(1)
Ethical Guideline 2: Respect
50(1)
Ethical Guideline 3: Consistency
51(1)
Ethical Guideline 4: Accountability
52(1)
Ethical Guideline 5: Courage
53(2)
Argumentation Stances
55(9)
Competitive Stance
56(1)
Manipulative Stance
57(1)
Cooperative Stance
58(6)
Summary
64(1)
Application Exercises
64(1)
Key Terms
65(1)
Endnotes
65(6)
Part II Constructing Arguments
Chapter 4 Understanding Argument Structures
71(22)
Formal Logic vs. Everyday Argumentation
72(1)
Strategies for Identifying Arguments
73(2)
Strategies for Understanding Arguments
75(13)
Strategy 1: Use Argument Cues
75(4)
Strategy 2: Supply Implied Statements
79(3)
Strategy 3: Diagram Arguments
82(6)
Summary
88(1)
Application Exercises
88(1)
Key Terms
89(1)
Endnotes
89(4)
Chapter 5 Effectively Supporting Claims
93(28)
The Allure of "Evidence" and the Significance of "Support"
94(1)
Gathering and Testing Information
94(7)
How to Know if It's Quality Support
96(2)
Where to Find Quality Support
98(3)
Types of Support
101(14)
Facts
101(1)
Why You Should Use Facts
101(1)
How You Should Use Facts
102
Statistics
101(4)
Why You Should Use Statistics
101(1)
How You Should Use Statistics
102(3)
Examples
105(1)
Why You Should Use Examples
105(1)
How You Should Use Examples
106(1)
Testimony
106(2)
Why You Should Use Testimony
107(1)
How You Should Use Testimony
107(1)
Definitions
108(1)
Why You Should Use Definitions
108(1)
How You Should Use Definitions
109(1)
Principles and Values
109(2)
Why You Should Use Principles and Values
110(1)
How You Should Use Principles and Values
110(1)
Credibility
111(30)
Why You Should Use Credibility
111(1)
How You Should Use Credibility
112(3)
Strategies for Using Support
115(2)
Summary
117(1)
Application Exercises
118(1)
Key Terms
119(1)
Endnotes
119(2)
Chapter 6 Common Argument Types
121(26)
Applying the Types of Argument to Everyday Life
122(1)
Argument from Classification
123(3)
Argument from Generalization
126(4)
Argument from Cause and Consequence
130(4)
Argument from Sign
134(3)
Argument from Analogy
137(2)
Argument from Authority
139(2)
Additional Argument Types
141(2)
Argument from Popularity (ad populum)
141(1)
Argument from Ignorance (ad ignorantiam)
142(1)
Argument from the Stronger (a fortiori)
142(1)
Argument from Disjunct (either-or)
142(1)
Summary
143(1)
Application Exercise
144(1)
Key Terms
144(1)
Endnotes
145(2)
Chapter 7 Building Effective Cases
147(28)
Debating Fact Propositions
148(6)
Resolving Fact Debates
148(1)
Affirming and Opposing Fact Propositions
149(5)
Defining Terms
149(2)
Arguing Reasons
151(3)
Debating Value Propositions
154(5)
Resolving Value Debates
154(1)
Affirming and Opposing Value Propositions
155(4)
Establishing Criteria
155(1)
Applying Criteria
156(3)
Debating Policy Propositions
159(9)
Resolving Policy Debates
159(1)
Affirming Policy Propositions
160(5)
Significant Harm
160(1)
Inherency
161(1)
Plan
162(1)
Solvency
163(1)
Advantages
163(2)
Opposing Policy Propositions
165(15)
Disadvantages
165(2)
Counterplan
167(1)
Summary
168(1)
Application Exercises
168(1)
Key Terms
169(1)
Endnotes
169(6)
Part III Contesting Arguments
Chapter 8 Generating Productive Clash
175(20)
A Productive Posture for Clash
176(2)
Anticipation
178(2)
Refutation
180(9)
Refutation by Rejection
181(1)
Refutation by Mitigation
181(1)
Refutation by Turning
182(1)
Refutation by Transcendence
182(1)
Two Other Response Options: Preemption and Strategic Concession
183(4)
Communicating Refutation
187(2)
Ending Productively
189(3)
Determine What Goals Are Acceptable
190(1)
Establish an Ending Mechanism
190(1)
Weigh the Important Issues and Arguments
191(1)
Empower Audience Members
191(1)
Summary
192(1)
Application Exercises
192(1)
Key Terms
193(1)
Endnotes
193(2)
Chapter 9 Evaluating Arguments & Cases
195(18)
The A Condition: Acceptability
197(3)
The R Condition: Relevance
200(2)
The G Condition: Sufficient Grounds
202(3)
Applying the ARG Conditions Through Refutation
205(1)
Argument Fallacies & The ARG Conditions
206(1)
Evaluating Cases and Controversies with the ARG Conditions
207(4)
Summary
211(1)
Application Exercises
212(1)
Key Terms
212(1)
Endnotes
213(1)
Chapter 10 Evaluating Argument Types
213(24)
Evaluating Argument from Classification
214(1)
Evaluating Argument from Generalization
215(2)
Evaluating Argument from Cause and Consequence
217(3)
Evaluating Argument from Sign
220(1)
Evaluating Argument from Analogy
221(2)
Evaluating Argument from Authority
223(2)
Uncovering the ARG Conditions in Everyday Argumentation
225(6)
Summary
231(1)
Application Exercises
232(1)
Key Terms
233(1)
Endnotes
233(4)
Part IV Applied Argumentation And Debate
Chapter 11 Crafting Verbal and Oral Arguments
237(24)
Audience Analysis and Adaptation
238(7)
Audience Analysis
240(1)
Audience Adaptation
241(4)
Style
245(6)
Clarity
246(1)
Connection
247(1)
Creativity
248(3)
Oral Delivery
251(6)
Methods of Delivery
252(2)
Elements of Delivery
254(8)
Eye Contact
254(1)
Vocal Quality
255(1)
Movement and Gestures
256(1)
Summary
257(1)
Application Exercises
257(1)
Key Terms
258(1)
Endnotes
258(3)
Chapter 12 Formats for Everyday Public Argumentation
261(24)
Op-Eds and Letters to the Editor
262(3)
What It Is: Op-Ed and Letter to the Editor Formats
262(1)
How You Do It: Op-Ed and Letter to the Editor Style
262(1)
Why You Should Do It: Op-Ed and Letter to the Editor Benefits
263(2)
Public Online Argumentation
265(6)
What It Is: Public Online Argumentation Formats
265(2)
How You Do It: Public Online Argumentation Style
267(2)
Why You Should Do It: Public Online Argumentation Benefits
269(2)
Public Deliberation
271(8)
What It Is: Public Deliberation Format
271(4)
How You Do It: Public Deliberation Style
275(2)
Facilitating Public Deliberation
275(1)
Participating in Public Deliberation
276(1)
Why You Should Do It: Public Deliberation Benefits
277(2)
Summary
279(1)
Application Exercises
280(1)
Key Terms
280(1)
Endnotes
281(4)
Appendices
Appendix I: Formats for Academic and Competitive Debate
285(18)
Parliamentary Debate
286(4)
What It Is: Parliamentary Debate Format
286(2)
How You Do It: Parliamentary Debate Style
288(1)
Why You Should Do It: Parliamentary Debate Benefits
289(1)
Policy Debate
290(4)
What It Is: Policy Debate Format
290(2)
How You Do It: Policy Debate Style
292(1)
Why You Should Do It: Policy Debate Benefits
293(1)
A Note about Notetaking (or "Flowing")
294(2)
Moot Court
296(5)
What It Is: Moot Court Format
296(3)
How You Do It: Moot Court Style
299(1)
Why You Should Do It: Moot Court Benefits
300(1)
Key Terms
301(1)
Endnotes
302(1)
Appendix II: Answers to Build Your Skill Prompts
303(6)
Appendix III: Glossary
309(4)
Index 313(12)
About the Author 325
Jeffrey P. Mehltretter Drury (PhD, University of Wisconsin-Madison; MA and BA, Northern Illinois University) is an Associate Professor of Rhetoric at Wabash College, an all-male liberal arts college in Crawfordsville, Indiana. As an undergraduate student, Drury competed in intercollegiate policy debate for four years before coaching the team as a masters student. Since 2003, Drury has taught courses in argumentation and debate at four different institutions. His research, which considers representations of self and others in political argumentation, has appeared in journals such as the Western Journal of Communication, the Journal of Contemporary Rhetoric, and Voices of Democracy. In 2014, he authored Speaking with the Peoples Voice (Texas A&M University Press), an analysis of the argumentative forms modern U.S. presidents use when they invoke public opinion in their nationally televised speeches.