Preface |
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xiii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xvii | |
Part I A Framework For Argumentation And Debate |
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Argumentation and Debate |
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3 | (20) |
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Argument, Debate, and Controversy |
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4 | (3) |
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7 | (2) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (2) |
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11 | (7) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (3) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (4) |
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Chapter 2 The Debate Situation |
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23 | (24) |
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24 | (6) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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The Toulmin Model of an Argument |
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26 | (4) |
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30 | (4) |
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31 | (3) |
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34 | (2) |
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36 | (7) |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (3) |
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Chapter 3 Argumentation Ethics & Stances |
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47 | (24) |
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Argumentation and Debate Ethics |
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48 | (7) |
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Ethical Guideline 1: Honesty |
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49 | (1) |
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Ethical Guideline 2: Respect |
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50 | (1) |
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Ethical Guideline 3: Consistency |
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51 | (1) |
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Ethical Guideline 4: Accountability |
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52 | (1) |
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Ethical Guideline 5: Courage |
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53 | (2) |
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55 | (9) |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (6) |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (6) |
Part II Constructing Arguments |
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Chapter 4 Understanding Argument Structures |
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71 | (22) |
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Formal Logic vs. Everyday Argumentation |
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72 | (1) |
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Strategies for Identifying Arguments |
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73 | (2) |
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Strategies for Understanding Arguments |
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75 | (13) |
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Strategy 1: Use Argument Cues |
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75 | (4) |
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Strategy 2: Supply Implied Statements |
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79 | (3) |
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Strategy 3: Diagram Arguments |
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82 | (6) |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (4) |
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Chapter 5 Effectively Supporting Claims |
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93 | (28) |
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The Allure of "Evidence" and the Significance of "Support" |
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94 | (1) |
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Gathering and Testing Information |
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94 | (7) |
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How to Know if It's Quality Support |
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96 | (2) |
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Where to Find Quality Support |
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98 | (3) |
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101 | (14) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | |
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101 | (4) |
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Why You Should Use Statistics |
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101 | (1) |
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How You Should Use Statistics |
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102 | (3) |
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105 | (1) |
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Why You Should Use Examples |
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105 | (1) |
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How You Should Use Examples |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (2) |
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Why You Should Use Testimony |
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107 | (1) |
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How You Should Use Testimony |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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Why You Should Use Definitions |
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108 | (1) |
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How You Should Use Definitions |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (2) |
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Why You Should Use Principles and Values |
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110 | (1) |
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How You Should Use Principles and Values |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (30) |
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Why You Should Use Credibility |
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111 | (1) |
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How You Should Use Credibility |
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112 | (3) |
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Strategies for Using Support |
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115 | (2) |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (2) |
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Chapter 6 Common Argument Types |
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121 | (26) |
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Applying the Types of Argument to Everyday Life |
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122 | (1) |
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Argument from Classification |
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123 | (3) |
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Argument from Generalization |
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126 | (4) |
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Argument from Cause and Consequence |
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130 | (4) |
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134 | (3) |
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137 | (2) |
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139 | (2) |
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Additional Argument Types |
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141 | (2) |
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Argument from Popularity (ad populum) |
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141 | (1) |
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Argument from Ignorance (ad ignorantiam) |
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142 | (1) |
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Argument from the Stronger (a fortiori) |
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142 | (1) |
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Argument from Disjunct (either-or) |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (2) |
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Chapter 7 Building Effective Cases |
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147 | (28) |
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Debating Fact Propositions |
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148 | (6) |
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148 | (1) |
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Affirming and Opposing Fact Propositions |
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149 | (5) |
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149 | (2) |
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151 | (3) |
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Debating Value Propositions |
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154 | (5) |
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154 | (1) |
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Affirming and Opposing Value Propositions |
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155 | (4) |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (3) |
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Debating Policy Propositions |
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159 | (9) |
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159 | (1) |
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Affirming Policy Propositions |
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160 | (5) |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (2) |
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Opposing Policy Propositions |
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165 | (15) |
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165 | (2) |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (6) |
Part III Contesting Arguments |
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Chapter 8 Generating Productive Clash |
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175 | (20) |
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A Productive Posture for Clash |
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176 | (2) |
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178 | (2) |
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180 | (9) |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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Refutation by Transcendence |
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182 | (1) |
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Two Other Response Options: Preemption and Strategic Concession |
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183 | (4) |
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187 | (2) |
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189 | (3) |
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Determine What Goals Are Acceptable |
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190 | (1) |
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Establish an Ending Mechanism |
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190 | (1) |
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Weigh the Important Issues and Arguments |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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193 | (2) |
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Chapter 9 Evaluating Arguments & Cases |
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195 | (18) |
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The A Condition: Acceptability |
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197 | (3) |
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The R Condition: Relevance |
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200 | (2) |
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The G Condition: Sufficient Grounds |
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202 | (3) |
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Applying the ARG Conditions Through Refutation |
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205 | (1) |
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Argument Fallacies & The ARG Conditions |
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206 | (1) |
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Evaluating Cases and Controversies with the ARG Conditions |
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207 | (4) |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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Chapter 10 Evaluating Argument Types |
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213 | (24) |
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Evaluating Argument from Classification |
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214 | (1) |
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Evaluating Argument from Generalization |
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215 | (2) |
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Evaluating Argument from Cause and Consequence |
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217 | (3) |
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Evaluating Argument from Sign |
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220 | (1) |
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Evaluating Argument from Analogy |
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221 | (2) |
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Evaluating Argument from Authority |
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223 | (2) |
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Uncovering the ARG Conditions in Everyday Argumentation |
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225 | (6) |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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233 | (4) |
Part IV Applied Argumentation And Debate |
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Chapter 11 Crafting Verbal and Oral Arguments |
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237 | (24) |
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Audience Analysis and Adaptation |
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238 | (7) |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (4) |
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245 | (6) |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (3) |
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251 | (6) |
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252 | (2) |
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254 | (8) |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (3) |
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Chapter 12 Formats for Everyday Public Argumentation |
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261 | (24) |
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Op-Eds and Letters to the Editor |
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262 | (3) |
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What It Is: Op-Ed and Letter to the Editor Formats |
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262 | (1) |
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How You Do It: Op-Ed and Letter to the Editor Style |
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262 | (1) |
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Why You Should Do It: Op-Ed and Letter to the Editor Benefits |
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263 | (2) |
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Public Online Argumentation |
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265 | (6) |
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What It Is: Public Online Argumentation Formats |
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265 | (2) |
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How You Do It: Public Online Argumentation Style |
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267 | (2) |
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Why You Should Do It: Public Online Argumentation Benefits |
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269 | (2) |
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271 | (8) |
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What It Is: Public Deliberation Format |
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271 | (4) |
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How You Do It: Public Deliberation Style |
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275 | (2) |
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Facilitating Public Deliberation |
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275 | (1) |
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Participating in Public Deliberation |
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276 | (1) |
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Why You Should Do It: Public Deliberation Benefits |
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277 | (2) |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (4) |
Appendices |
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Appendix I: Formats for Academic and Competitive Debate |
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285 | (18) |
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286 | (4) |
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What It Is: Parliamentary Debate Format |
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286 | (2) |
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How You Do It: Parliamentary Debate Style |
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288 | (1) |
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Why You Should Do It: Parliamentary Debate Benefits |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (4) |
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What It Is: Policy Debate Format |
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290 | (2) |
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How You Do It: Policy Debate Style |
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292 | (1) |
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Why You Should Do It: Policy Debate Benefits |
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293 | (1) |
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A Note about Notetaking (or "Flowing") |
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294 | (2) |
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296 | (5) |
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What It Is: Moot Court Format |
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296 | (3) |
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How You Do It: Moot Court Style |
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299 | (1) |
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Why You Should Do It: Moot Court Benefits |
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300 | (1) |
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301 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
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Appendix II: Answers to Build Your Skill Prompts |
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303 | (6) |
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309 | (4) |
Index |
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313 | (12) |
About the Author |
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325 | |