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El. knyga: Armies of Sand: The Past, Present, and Future of Arab Military Effectiveness

4.26/5 (300 ratings by Goodreads)
(Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution)
  • Formatas: 496 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 14-Dec-2018
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780190906979
  • Formatas: 496 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 14-Dec-2018
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780190906979

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Since the Second World War, Arab armed forces have consistently punched below their weight. They have lost many wars that by all rights they should have won, and in their best performances only ever achieved quite modest accomplishments. Over time, soldiers, scholars, and military experts have offered various explanations for this pattern. Reliance on Soviet military methods, the poor civil-military relations of the Arab world, the underdevelopment of the Arab states, and patterns of behavior derived from the wider Arab culture, have all been suggested as the ultimate source of Arab military difficulties. In Armies of Sand, Kenneth M. Pollack assesses these differing explanations and isolates the most important causes. Over the course of the book, he examines the combat performance of fifteen Arab armies and air forces in virtually every Middle Eastern war, from the Jordanians and Syrians in 1948 to Hizballah in 2006 and the Iraqis and ISIS in 2014-2017. The book ultimately concludes that reliance on Soviet doctrine was more of a help than a hindrance to the Arabs. In contrast, politicization and underdevelopment were both important factors limiting Arab military effectiveness, but patterns of behavior derived from the dominant Arab culture was the most important factor of all. Pollack closes with a discussion of the rapid changes occurring across the Arab world, and suggests that because both Arab society and warfare are changing, the problems that have bedeviled Arab armed forces in the past could dissipate or even vanish in the future, with potentially dramatic consequences for the Middle East military balance. Sweeping in its coverage, this will be the go-to reference for anyone interested in the history of warfare in the Middle East since 1945.

Recenzijos

A masterful, wide-ranging, compelling study of why Arab armies have typically fared poorly in combat. With this certain-to-be classic work, Ken Pollack solidifies his position as one of the world's foremost scholars on Middle Eastern military and political affairs. * General David Petraeus (US Army, Ret.), former Director of the CIA * Ken Pollack argues convincingly that efforts to uncover causes of military success or failure must begin far from the battlefield. He shines new light on social, economic, political, and cultural impediments to improving military effectiveness in Arab states. His argument that the influence of culture is predominant is certain to generate introspection among Arab leaders and their overseas partners who support their military reform efforts. This should be read and debated by readers who want to understand better this complex and important region. * H.R. McMaster, Former National Security Advisor and author of Dereliction of Duty * Few if any military analysts know as much, or have thought as deeply, about Arab armies as has Ken Pollack. In Armies of Sand-a masterpiece of political science-he distills a lifetime of learning to grapple with the most important and most difficult questions that lie at the intersection of technology, culture and politics. Essential reading for anyone interested in understanding the dynamics of warfare in the Middle East. * Max Boot, author of Invisible Armies * Armies of Sand belongs in the library of every military professional serving in the Middle East, whether Western or Arab. It is a unique blend of military history and social science that comprehensively explains the military effectiveness of our Arab friends and foes alike. Pollack has courageously and objectively tackled the sensitive subject of culture, which we ignore at our peril. Armed with its insights, future commanders might avoid the surprises and frustrations that have long been the hallmarks of military operations in this theater of persistent conflict. * Lieutenant General Sean MacFarland, U.S. Army (Ret.); Commander of Coalition forces in Iraq and Syria, 2015-2016 * This is a path-breaking volume on an uncomfortable topic: Arab military failure. Kenneth Pollack is the model of the engaged scholar, whose extensive field experience on today's battlefields complements his knowledge of military affairs and the Arab world more broadly. The volume is lucid, comprehensive and fascinating. His conclusions about the relationship between culture and military effectiveness will be controversial, but they are compellingly put and will set the terms of debate for years to come. * Eliot A. Cohen, Robert E. Osgood Professor of Strategic Studies, Johns Hopkins-SAIS *

Daugiau informacijos

Winner of 2019 CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title.
Foreword ix
Acknowledgments xiii
Introduction: The Six-Day War and the Mystery of Arab Military Ineffectiveness 1(22)
1 Patterns of Arab Military Performance
23(24)
PART I Soviet Doctrine
2 The Soviet Way of War
47(11)
3 Arab Militaries and Soviet Doctrine
58(19)
4 North Korea, Cuba, and Soviet Doctrine
77(30)
PART II Politicization
5 Politicization
107(22)
6 Arab Militaries and Politicization: Egypt
129(14)
7 Arab Militaries and Politicization: Iraq
143(31)
8 Politicization and the South Vietnamese Armed Forces
174(31)
9 Politicization and the Argentine Armed Forces
205(28)
PART III Underdevelopment
10 Economic Development and Military Effectiveness
233(14)
11 Economic Development and Syrian Military Effectiveness
247(28)
12 Economic Development and the Libya-Chad Wars
275(34)
13 Economic Development and Chinese Military Effectiveness
309(22)
14 Economic Development and Arab Military Effectiveness
331(12)
PART IV Culture
15 War and Culture
343(12)
16 Arab Culture as an Explanation for Military Ineffectiveness
355(13)
17 Arab Culture: Patterns and Predilections
368(26)
18 Arab Culture and Arab Military Effectiveness
394(12)
19 Arab Culture and Civilian Organizations
406(9)
20 Culture and Education: The Causal Link
415(24)
21 Arab Military Training Methods
439(13)
22 Exceptional Arab Militaries: State Armed Forces
452(24)
23 Exceptional Arab Militaries: Nonstate Armies
476(34)
Conclusion: The Past, Present, and Future of Arab Military Effectiveness 510(15)
Notes 525(86)
Selected Bibliography 611(36)
Index 647
Kenneth M. Pollack was a longtime Senior Fellow of the Brookings Institution, where he ran the Saban Center for Middle East Policy, and is currently a Resident Scholar of the American Enterprise Institute.