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El. knyga: Art of Safety Auditing: A Tutorial for Regulators

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The Art of Safety Auditing: A Tutorial for Regulators provides the theory and practice of auditing safety management systems implemented by the companies in risk industries. With his extensive knowledge and experiences in quality and safety, Sasho Andonov provides the tools to fill the gap in regulatory auditing for safety management systems. The book explains in detail the overall process of auditing with emphasis on practical execution of audits by Safety Regulators in each State or International Organizations. This book presents real examples and outlines every aspect of regulations and oversight audits in high risk industries.

FEATURES

  • Offers all theoretical and practical aspects of safety audits
  • Dedicated to regulatory bodies and companies in high risk industries
  • Provides a holistic approach to auditing as part of regulatory oversight activities
  • Discusses most common mistakes during audits and advices how to correct them
  • Excellent tool for auditors and safety managers, but can be utilized in other industries


The Art of Safety Auditing: A Tutorial for Regulators provides the theory and practice of auditing safety management systems for companies and explains in detail practical execution of safety audits by the inspection teams. This book provides examples and outlines every aspect of regulations and oversight audits in high risk industries.

Acronyms and Abbreviations ix
Definitions of the Terms Used xi
Preface xv
Author xix
1 Introduction
1(6)
1.1 Who Can Benefit from This Book?
1(1)
1.2 General Explanation Regarding the Book
2(2)
1.3 Axioms
4(3)
2 Clarifications of General Terms
7(24)
2.1 Introduction
7(1)
2.2 Management and Engineering
7(1)
2.3 Hazard, Threat, and Risk
8(1)
2.4 Two Types of Safety
9(1)
2.5 Quality versus Safety
10(4)
2.6 Safety versus Security
14(1)
2.7 Oversight versus Audit
14(1)
2.8 Inspection versus Audit
15(1)
2.9 Compliance versus Conformance
16(1)
2.10 What Is a Management System?
17(1)
2.11 Establishing a Management System
18(1)
2.12 Understanding Procedures
19(1)
2.13 Records
20(2)
2.14 AMC
22(1)
2.15 Validation versus Verification
23(1)
2.16 Safety Case
24(1)
2.17 Human Factors (HF)
25(1)
2.18 Mistake versus Error
26(1)
2.19 Just Culture
27(4)
3 Regulation
31(20)
3.1 Introduction
31(1)
3.2 How to Pass a Regulation?
31(3)
3.3 Accreditation, Certification, Licensing, Attestation, Approval
34(4)
3.4 Standards versus Recommendations
38(1)
3.5 Regulation and Regulators
39(1)
3.6 "Grey Area" of Regulation
40(1)
3.7 Regulation and Auditors
41(1)
3.8 Post-holder
42(2)
3.9 "Personality" of Regulators
44(3)
3.10 Who to "Blame" If There Is Non-Compliance?
47(4)
4 Types of Audits
51(12)
4.1 Introduction
51(1)
4.2 Internal Audits
51(5)
4.3 External Audits
56(4)
4.3.1 Second Party Audits
56(1)
4.3.2 Third Party Audits
57(1)
4.3.2.1 Categories of Third Party Audits
58(2)
4.4 Frequency of Audits
60(3)
5 Companies and Audits
63(10)
5.1 Introduction
63(1)
5.2 "Personality" of the Company
64(3)
5.3 Understanding the Audit of the Company
67(6)
5.3.1 What Is the Purpose of the Audit?
67(2)
5.3.2 How the Companies Are Reacting to Audits
69(4)
6 Check Lists (CLs)
73(16)
6.1 Introduction
73(2)
6.2 Two Types of Check Lists
75(7)
6.2.1 Target Check Lists
75(3)
6.2.2 Audit Check List
78(4)
6.3 What to Do with Filled Audit CLs?
82(1)
6.4 Compliance and Non-Compliance
83(3)
6.5 Audit Software
86(3)
7 Management of Findings
89(10)
7.1 Introduction
89(1)
7.2 Findings
89(1)
7.3 Objective Evidence
90(3)
7.4 Type of Findings
93(3)
7.5 How to Present the Findings?
96(1)
7.6 What Is Next?
97(2)
8 Preparation for Audit
99(18)
8.1 Introduction
99(2)
8.2 Schedule of Audits
101(1)
8.3 Establishing the Audit Team
102(1)
8.4 Organizing the Approval Audit
103(7)
8.4.1 Documentation Audit
104(2)
8.4.2 Preparing On-Site Audit
106(3)
8.4.3 Executing On-Site Audit
109(1)
8.5 Sampling
110(7)
8.5.1 How to Choose a Sample?
112(2)
8.5.2 How to Use Sampling in Audits?
114(3)
9 Conducting the Audit
117(38)
9.1 Introduction
117(1)
9.2 How to Do Auditing?
117(32)
9.2.1 Auditing Documentation
117(2)
9.2.2 Auditing Equipment
119(2)
9.2.3 Auditing Employees' Qualifications
121(1)
9.2.4 Auditing Safety Policy
122(4)
9.2.5 Auditing Safety Objectives
126(2)
9.2.6 Auditing Procedures
128(3)
9.2.7 Auditing Records
131(3)
9.2.8 Auditing Preventive and Corrective Maintenance
134(2)
9.2.9 Auditing Preventive and Corrective Actions
136(1)
9.2.10 Auditing Management of Change
137(2)
9.2.11 Auditing Alarm Systems
139(2)
9.2.12 Auditing "Chronology of Events"
141(2)
9.2.13 Auditing Human Factors (HF)
143(1)
9.2.14 Auditing Process of Monitoring of SMS
144(1)
9.2.15 Auditing Training in the Company
145(1)
9.2.16 Auditing Handling, Storage, and Shipping
146(1)
9.2.17 Auditing Internal Audits
147(1)
9.2.18 Auditing Outsourcing and Partner Companies
148(1)
9.3 Final Report
149(3)
9.4 What Next?
152(1)
9.5 The Regulator and the Outcomes from the Audits
152(3)
10 "Challenges" for the Auditor during Audits
155(10)
10.1 Introduction
155(1)
10.2 Time Gap
155(3)
10.3 Not Following the Audit Schedule
158(1)
10.4 Company Does Not Allow Access to Some Premises
158(1)
10.5 Company Is Lying
159(1)
10.6 Auditor Found Something Which Is Not in Target CLs
160(1)
10.7 There Is Not Enough Staff in Company to Maintain Safe Operations
161(4)
11 Profile of the Auditor
165(20)
11.1 Introduction
165(1)
11.2 What Is Important for the Auditor?
166(1)
11.3 Yearly Assessment of Auditors
167(2)
11.4 Improvements of Auditors
169(1)
11.5 Things for Which a Good Auditor Must Take Care
169(2)
11.6 Qualities of Auditor
171(10)
11.6.1 Training in Audits
172(1)
11.6.2 Time Management
172(1)
11.6.3 Honesty
173(1)
11.6.4 Independence
174(1)
11.6.5 Impartiality
174(1)
11.6.6 Communication
175(1)
11.6.7 Flexibility
176(1)
11.6.8 Trustworthiness
177(1)
11.6.9 Decisiveness
178(1)
11.6.10 Analytical and Understanding
178(1)
11.6.11 Persistence
178(1)
11.6.12 Trust in the Instincts
179(1)
11.6.13 Commitment and Determination
179(1)
11.6.14 Professionalism
180(1)
11.6.15 Team Work
180(1)
11.7 The Most Important Thing!
181(4)
Final Words 185(2)
Appendix: Axioms 187(2)
Index 189
Sasho Andonov is a Graduated Engineer in Electronics and Telecommunications and has earned a Master Degree in Metrology and Quality Management at Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Macedonia. Sasho has 21 years experience in aviation, especially in the area of ATM/CNS, Quality and Safety Management and 10 years experience in standardization and accreditation. He is a member of the technical board in the electro-technics, information technology and telecommunications area of the Institute of Standardization of Republic of Macedonia and a member of the Sectors Committee for electrics, electronics and electrical machines of the Institute of Accreditation of Republic of Macedonia. Sasho has contributed to 11 international conferences and symposiums with his papers mostly in area of satellite navigation, calibration and safety, and quality management. He has already published two books: Quality-I is Safety-II: The Integration of Two Management Systems and Bowtie Methodology: A Guide for Practitioners.