Preface |
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xi | (2) |
Acknowledgments |
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xiii | |
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1 INTRODUCTION: THE ART AND SCIENCE OF DESIGN |
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1 | (23) |
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1.1 Science and Art in Optical Design |
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1 | (5) |
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6 | (7) |
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1.2.1 Detailed Description of a Lens |
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7 | (6) |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (6) |
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1.5 Completing a Lens Design |
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20 | (2) |
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22 | (2) |
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2 BASIC OPTICS FOR DESIGN |
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24 | (140) |
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25 | (81) |
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37 | (21) |
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58 | (19) |
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2.1.3 Wavefront Determination |
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77 | (6) |
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2.1.4 Extended Sine Condition - Isoplanatism |
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83 | (15) |
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2.1.5 Astigmatism and Field Curvature |
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98 | (8) |
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106 | (29) |
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108 | (8) |
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2.2.2 Computation of Diffraction Images |
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116 | (19) |
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135 | (29) |
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137 | (21) |
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2.3.2 Other Transmitting Materials |
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158 | (1) |
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2.3.3 Reflective Materials |
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159 | (2) |
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2.3.4 Diffractive and Holographic Materials |
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161 | (3) |
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164 | (101) |
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164 | (96) |
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3.1.1 Low-Order Aberrations |
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170 | (79) |
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3.1.1.1 First-Order Aberrations |
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170 | (21) |
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3.1.1.1.1 Focus and Lateral Shift |
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170 | (8) |
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3.1.1.1.2 Chromatic Aberrations |
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178 | (13) |
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3.1.1.2 Third-Order Aberrations |
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191 | (44) |
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3.1.1.2.1 Classification and Interpretation |
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192 | (25) |
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217 | (10) |
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227 | (8) |
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3.1.1.3 Control of Lens Aberrations |
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235 | (14) |
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3.1.2 High-Order Aberrations |
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249 | (11) |
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3.2 Measurement and Specification |
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260 | (5) |
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265 | (69) |
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4.1 Image Quality Measures |
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265 | (3) |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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4.2 Optical Transfer Function Basics |
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268 | (42) |
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268 | (8) |
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4.2.2 Limiting Properties |
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276 | (9) |
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4.2.3 OTF versus Aberration |
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285 | (25) |
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310 | (10) |
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311 | (2) |
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313 | (6) |
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4.3.3 Convolution Methods |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (10) |
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4.4.1 Energy Concentration |
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321 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Strehl Ratio, RMS Wavefront Aberration |
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322 | (4) |
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4.4.3 Resolution and Subjective Optical Quality |
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326 | (4) |
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330 | (4) |
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334 | (22) |
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336 | (4) |
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5.1.1 Choice of Variables |
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336 | (4) |
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5.1.2 Representation of Variables |
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340 | (1) |
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5.2 Boundary Determination |
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340 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
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341 | (1) |
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5.3 Merit Function Definition |
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341 | (7) |
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5.4 Optimization Procedures |
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348 | (8) |
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349 | (4) |
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5.4.1.1 Damped Least Squares |
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349 | (3) |
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5.4.1.2 Orthonormalization |
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352 | (1) |
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5.4.1.3 Steepest Descent Methods |
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352 | (1) |
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353 | (1) |
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353 | (3) |
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356 | (32) |
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357 | (5) |
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357 | (1) |
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358 | (4) |
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6.2 Tolerancing Procedures |
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362 | (23) |
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363 | (1) |
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364 | (3) |
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6.2.3 Statistical Combining of Errors |
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367 | (1) |
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6.2.4 Examples of Tolerancing |
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368 | (17) |
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6.2.4.1 Airspaced Doublet |
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369 | (8) |
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377 | (3) |
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6.2.4.3 Cassegrain Telescope |
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380 | (5) |
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6.3 Tolerance Specification |
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385 | (1) |
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6.4 Environmental Analysis |
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385 | (3) |
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388 | (216) |
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389 | (201) |
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390 | (43) |
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433 | (19) |
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452 | (40) |
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7.1.4 Miscellaneous Imaging Optics |
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492 | (41) |
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533 | (20) |
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553 | (37) |
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566 | (18) |
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584 | (6) |
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7.2 Nontraditional Designs |
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590 | (14) |
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7.2.1 Beam Transfer Systems |
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591 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Cylindric and Toric Optical Systems |
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592 | (1) |
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593 | (1) |
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7.2.4 Asymmetric Optical Systems |
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594 | (1) |
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7.2.5 Gradient Index Optics (GRIN Materials) |
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595 | (1) |
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7.2.6 Diffractive and Binary Optics |
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596 | (6) |
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602 | (1) |
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7.2.8 Illumination Optics |
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602 | (2) |
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8 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
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604 | (5) |
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8.1 Putting It All Together |
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604 | (3) |
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8.2 Developing a Discipline |
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607 | (1) |
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608 | (1) |
Index |
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609 | |