Preface |
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xiii | |
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SECTION I AL IN INDUSTRY 4.0 |
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1 Computer Vision-Based System for Automation and Industrial Applications |
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3 | (42) |
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4 | (2) |
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6 | (2) |
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1.3 AOI System Application on a Scanning Machine |
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8 | (22) |
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1.3.1 Detecting Rubber Keypads Defects on a Scanning Machine |
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8 | (3) |
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1.3.2 Theoretical Framework, Materials, and Methods |
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11 | (1) |
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1.3.2.1 Mobile image processing unit |
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11 | (1) |
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1.3.2.2 Image calibration |
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11 | (8) |
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1.3.2.3 Image segmentation |
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19 | (2) |
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1.3.2.4 Automatic defect detection algorithm |
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21 | (7) |
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1.3.2.5 Results and discussion |
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28 | (2) |
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1.4 AOI System Application on Electronic Boards |
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30 | (10) |
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1.4.1 Detecting Defects on Electronic Boards |
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31 | (1) |
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1.4.2 Theoretical Framework, Materials, and Methods |
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32 | (1) |
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1.4.2.1 Mobile image processing unit |
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32 | (1) |
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1.4.2.2 Image calibration |
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33 | (1) |
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1.4.2.3 Editing and automatic defect detection algorithm |
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34 | (3) |
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1.4.2.4 Result and discussion |
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37 | (3) |
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40 | (5) |
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2 Opportunities and Challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution |
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45 | (28) |
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46 | (1) |
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2.2 Evolving Fields in the Fourth Industrial Revolution |
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47 | (1) |
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2.3 Artificial Intelligence: Technology Driving Change |
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48 | (2) |
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2.4 Relationship between Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, and Machine Learning |
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50 | (5) |
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50 | (1) |
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2.4.1.1 Types of machine learning |
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51 | (1) |
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2.4.1.2 Types of reinforcement learning |
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52 | (1) |
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2.4.1.3 Applications of reinforcement learning |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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2.4.2.1 Role of deep learning in big data |
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53 | (1) |
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2.4.2.2 Deep learning applications for big data analytics |
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54 | (1) |
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2.5 AI Challenges by Potential Environmental Areas |
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55 | (3) |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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2.5.4 Weather and Disaster Management |
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58 | (1) |
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2.6 Emerging Technologies |
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58 | (7) |
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59 | (1) |
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2.6.1.1 Digitization/integration of value chains |
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60 | (1) |
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2.6.1.2 Digitization of product and service offerings |
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61 | (2) |
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2.6.1.3 Digital business models and customer access |
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63 | (2) |
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2.7 The Role of Robotics in the 4IR |
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65 | (3) |
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2.7.1 Applications of AI and Robotics |
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66 | (2) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (4) |
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3 Role of AI in the Advancement of Drug Discovery and Development |
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73 | (32) |
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74 | (1) |
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3.2 Artificial Intelligence |
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75 | (1) |
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3.3 Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Artificial Intelligence |
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76 | (1) |
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3.4 Application of Machine Learning in Pharmaceutical Science |
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77 | (1) |
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3.4.1 Disease Identification and Diagnosis |
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77 | (1) |
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3.4.2 Drug Discovery and Manufacturing |
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77 | (1) |
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3.4.3 Smart Electronic Health Records |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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3.6 Classification of Artificial Intelligence |
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79 | (2) |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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3.7 General Aspects of AI |
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81 | (15) |
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3.7.1 AI Use in Drug Development: R&D Proficiency |
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82 | (1) |
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3.7.2 Application of AI in Drug Designing |
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83 | (2) |
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3.7.2.1 Protein-protein interaction modeling |
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85 | (1) |
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3.7.2.2 Virtual screening |
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86 | (1) |
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3.7.2.3 Quantitative structure-activity relationship |
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87 | (2) |
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3.7.2.4 Assessment of ADME |
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89 | (1) |
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3.7.2.5 Drug repurposing/drug reposing |
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90 | (1) |
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3.7.2.6 De novo drug design |
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91 | (5) |
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3.8 Challenges and Limitations of AI |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (8) |
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SECTION II INTERNET OF MEDICAL THINGS (IOMT) |
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4 Internet of Health Things: Opportunities and Challenges |
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105 | (28) |
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4.1 Introduction: Health System |
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106 | (2) |
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4.1.1 Health Information Revolution |
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106 | (1) |
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4.1.2 Health Workforce and Task Shifting |
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107 | (1) |
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4.1.3 Digitization: Hope, Hype, and Harm |
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107 | (1) |
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4.2 Internet of Health Things |
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108 | (8) |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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4.2.3 Describing a Maternal Health Use Case |
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112 | (3) |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (10) |
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4.3.1 Service Implementation |
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116 | (2) |
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4.3.2 Electric Power Module |
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118 | (2) |
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120 | (1) |
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4.3.4 Server Architecture |
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120 | (4) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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4.4 Conclusion and Future Perspective |
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126 | (7) |
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5 Internet of Things for Smart Healthcare and Digital Weil-Being |
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133 | (20) |
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133 | (2) |
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135 | (4) |
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5.3 Technologies behind IoT |
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139 | (3) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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5.4 Healthcare and the Internet of Things |
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142 | (1) |
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5.5 Internet of Things for Health |
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143 | (4) |
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144 | (1) |
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5.5.2 Continuous Health Monitoring |
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144 | (1) |
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5.5.3 Easy Way of Continuous TREWS |
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144 | (3) |
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5.6 Integration of Different Disciplines of Science toward Better Application of AI and IOT |
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147 | (1) |
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5.7 AI: Major Areas of Application in the Health Field |
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147 | (1) |
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5.8 Present Applications of AI in Healthcare |
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148 | (1) |
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5.9 Conclusion and Future Work |
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149 | (4) |
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6 Automated Chatbots for Autism Spectrum Disorder Using AI Assistance |
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153 | (38) |
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6.1 Introduction to Autism |
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154 | (4) |
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6.1.1 Need to Study Autism |
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155 | (1) |
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6.1.2 Identification Symptoms |
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156 | (1) |
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6.1.3 Challenges Faced in a Community |
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157 | (1) |
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6.1.3.1 Challenges in verbal communication |
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157 | (1) |
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6.1.3.2 Challenges in nonverbal communication |
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158 | (1) |
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6.2 Behavior of Autistic Children |
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158 | (3) |
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158 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Other Reasons That Contribute to ASD |
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159 | (1) |
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6.2.3 Negligence during Pregnancy |
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159 | (1) |
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6.2.4 Formative Screening Assessment |
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159 | (1) |
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6.2.5 Exhaustive Diagnostic Evaluation |
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160 | (1) |
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6.2.6 Associated Medical and Mental Health Conditions |
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160 | (1) |
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6.3 Financial Burden on the Families and Effect on the Economy of a Country |
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161 | (2) |
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6.3.1 World Status on Autism |
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162 | (1) |
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6.4 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning |
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163 | (4) |
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163 | (3) |
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6.4.2 Interchange of AI and Machine Learning |
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166 | (1) |
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6.5 Autism, AI, and Machine Learning |
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167 | (16) |
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168 | (1) |
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6.5.2 Autism Study Using ROBO |
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169 | (1) |
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6.5.3 Autism Prediction Using ML Algorithms |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (2) |
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6.5.4.1 Algorithm to create a simple chatbot |
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173 | (1) |
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6.5.4.2 Process to create a chatbot |
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173 | (1) |
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6.5.4.3 Framework of the chatbot |
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174 | (2) |
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6.5.5 Role of AI Chatbots |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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6.5.6.1 Creating a chatbot for diagnosis |
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178 | (1) |
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6.5.6.2 Creating a simple text chat |
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179 | (4) |
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6.5.6.3 Creating a dashboard and a 3D chatbot model |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (7) |
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7 Emergence of Artificial Intelligence and Its Legal Impact |
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191 | (28) |
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191 | (2) |
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7.2 What Is Artificial Intelligence? |
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193 | (2) |
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7.3 Why Artificial Intelligence Is Necessary for Study? |
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195 | (5) |
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7.3.1 Jurisprudence Analysis of Artificial Intelligence |
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196 | (2) |
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7.3.2 AI Technologies and Liability |
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198 | (2) |
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7.4 Rights, Duties, and Liabilities of the AI Inventor |
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200 | (10) |
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7.4.1 Ethical Responsibilities |
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204 | (4) |
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7.4.2 Criminal, Civil, and Constitutional Responsibility of the Inventor and AI |
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208 | (2) |
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7.5 Civil Remedies under the Law of Torts |
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210 | (5) |
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7.5.1 Principle of Res Ipsa Loquitur |
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211 | (1) |
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7.5.2 Compensation under the Law of Tort |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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7.5.2.3 Common principles for the contemplation of damages |
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213 | (1) |
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7.5.2.4 Standard principles for granting any damages |
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214 | (1) |
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7.6 Liability under Criminal Law |
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215 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (3) |
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8 Jurisprudential Approach to Artificial Intelligence and Legal Reasoning |
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219 | (44) |
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220 | (4) |
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8.2 History and Origin of Artificial Intelligence and Law |
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224 | (2) |
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8.3 Types of Nonhuman Computational Capabilities |
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226 | (4) |
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8.4 Introduction of Artificial Intelligence to Law |
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230 | (5) |
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8.5 Do We Have Any International Regulation on Artificial Intelligence? |
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235 | (4) |
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8.6 Should Artificial Intelligence Be Taught to Law Students? |
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239 | (4) |
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8.7 Story of IBM's Watson and Law Firms |
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243 | (2) |
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8.8 ROSS: A New Venture of AI |
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245 | (3) |
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8.9 Law Practicum and Artificial Intelligence |
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248 | (1) |
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8.10 Methods of Computation for Developing Reasoning with Legal Rules and Cases |
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248 | (3) |
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8.11 Scheme of Argument and Legal Reasoning |
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251 | (1) |
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8.12 Reasoning with Open-Textured Texts |
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252 | (1) |
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8.13 Reasoning with Cases, Hypothetical Situations, and Precedence Citing |
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253 | (1) |
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8.14 MOOCs: Is It an Example of an Intelligent Tutorial System Coupled with Ethics? |
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254 | (1) |
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8.15 What Future Do We See of Legal Reasoning Associated with Artificial Intelligence? |
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255 | (2) |
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257 | (6) |
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9 Legal Ethical and Policy Implications of Artificial Intelligence |
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263 | (26) |
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263 | (1) |
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9.2 Genesis and Concept of AI |
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264 | (3) |
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9.3 Ethics and Artificial Intelligence |
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267 | (2) |
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9.4 AI and Its Challenges |
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269 | (3) |
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9.5 Issues of Human Rights, Governance, and AI |
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272 | (6) |
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9.6 Destiny of Humanity in the World of AI |
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278 | (2) |
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9.7 Laws and Policies Related to AI |
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280 | (4) |
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284 | (5) |
Index |
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289 | |