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El. knyga: Artificial Intelligence and the Fourth Industrial Revolution

Edited by , Edited by , Edited by (School of Electronics Engineering, KIIT Deemed to be University, India), Edited by (National University of Singapore, Singapore), Edited by
  • Formatas: 312 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 25-May-2022
  • Leidėjas: Pan Stanford Publishing Pte Ltd
  • ISBN-13: 9781000367935
  • Formatas: 312 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 25-May-2022
  • Leidėjas: Pan Stanford Publishing Pte Ltd
  • ISBN-13: 9781000367935

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This book covers the overall technology spectrum in AI and the Fourth Industrial Revolution that is set to revolutionize the world as we know it. It is a handbook for CEOs, entrepreneurs, and university VCs, as well as the vast workforce and students with tech or non-tech backgrounds. It covers aspects and case studies from industry, academics, administration, law, finance and accounting, as well as educational technology. The contributors, who are experts in their respective fields and from industry and academia, focus on gesture recognition prototype for specially abled people, jurisprudential approach to artificial intelligence and legal reasoning, automated chatbot for autism spectrum disorder using ai assistance, Big Data analytics and IoT, design of the 3D printed dexterous prosthetic arm, discerning and demonstrating consumer emotion and surfing behavior to develop personalized ontology, emotionally intelligent AI, role of artificial intelligence in advancement of drug discovery and development, opportunities and challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, legal ethical and policy implications of artificial intelligence, Internet of Health Things for smart healthcare and digital well-being, machine learning and computer vision, a computer vision–based system for automation and industrial applications, AI-IoT in home-based healthcare, and AI in super-precision human brain and spine surgery. Buttressed with comprehensive theoretical, methodological, well-established and validated empirical examples, the volume covers the interests of a very vast audience from basic science to engineering and technology experts and learners. It could eventually work as a textbook for engineering and biomedical students, students of master’s programs in science, and researchers. The book also serves common public interest by presenting new methods to improve the quality of life in general, with a better integration into society.

Preface xiii
SECTION I AL IN INDUSTRY 4.0
1 Computer Vision-Based System for Automation and Industrial Applications
3(42)
Huan Ngoc Le
Ngoc Vuong Bao Tu
Narayan C. Debnath
1.1 Introduction
4(2)
1.2 Previous Research
6(2)
1.3 AOI System Application on a Scanning Machine
8(22)
1.3.1 Detecting Rubber Keypads Defects on a Scanning Machine
8(3)
1.3.2 Theoretical Framework, Materials, and Methods
11(1)
1.3.2.1 Mobile image processing unit
11(1)
1.3.2.2 Image calibration
11(8)
1.3.2.3 Image segmentation
19(2)
1.3.2.4 Automatic defect detection algorithm
21(7)
1.3.2.5 Results and discussion
28(2)
1.4 AOI System Application on Electronic Boards
30(10)
1.4.1 Detecting Defects on Electronic Boards
31(1)
1.4.2 Theoretical Framework, Materials, and Methods
32(1)
1.4.2.1 Mobile image processing unit
32(1)
1.4.2.2 Image calibration
33(1)
1.4.2.3 Editing and automatic defect detection algorithm
34(3)
1.4.2.4 Result and discussion
37(3)
1.5 Conclusions
40(5)
2 Opportunities and Challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution
45(28)
Poonam Jindal
Rakesh K. Sindhu
2.1 Introduction
46(1)
2.2 Evolving Fields in the Fourth Industrial Revolution
47(1)
2.3 Artificial Intelligence: Technology Driving Change
48(2)
2.4 Relationship between Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, and Machine Learning
50(5)
2.4.1 Machine Learning
50(1)
2.4.1.1 Types of machine learning
51(1)
2.4.1.2 Types of reinforcement learning
52(1)
2.4.1.3 Applications of reinforcement learning
52(1)
2.4.2 Deep Learning
53(1)
2.4.2.1 Role of deep learning in big data
53(1)
2.4.2.2 Deep learning applications for big data analytics
54(1)
2.5 AI Challenges by Potential Environmental Areas
55(3)
2.5.1 Climate Modeling
56(1)
2.5.2 Clean Oceans
57(1)
2.5.3 Water Preservation
57(1)
2.5.4 Weather and Disaster Management
58(1)
2.6 Emerging Technologies
58(7)
2.6.1 Key Drivers
59(1)
2.6.1.1 Digitization/integration of value chains
60(1)
2.6.1.2 Digitization of product and service offerings
61(2)
2.6.1.3 Digital business models and customer access
63(2)
2.7 The Role of Robotics in the 4IR
65(3)
2.7.1 Applications of AI and Robotics
66(2)
2.8 Conclusion
68(1)
2.9 Future Scope
69(4)
3 Role of AI in the Advancement of Drug Discovery and Development
73(32)
Shantanu K. Yadav
Poonam Jindal
Rakesh K. Sindhu
3.1 Introduction
74(1)
3.2 Artificial Intelligence
75(1)
3.3 Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Artificial Intelligence
76(1)
3.4 Application of Machine Learning in Pharmaceutical Science
77(1)
3.4.1 Disease Identification and Diagnosis
77(1)
3.4.2 Drug Discovery and Manufacturing
77(1)
3.4.3 Smart Electronic Health Records
77(1)
3.5 Building an AIF
78(1)
3.6 Classification of Artificial Intelligence
79(2)
3.6.1 Type 1
79(1)
3.6.2 Type 2
80(1)
3.7 General Aspects of AI
81(15)
3.7.1 AI Use in Drug Development: R&D Proficiency
82(1)
3.7.2 Application of AI in Drug Designing
83(2)
3.7.2.1 Protein-protein interaction modeling
85(1)
3.7.2.2 Virtual screening
86(1)
3.7.2.3 Quantitative structure-activity relationship
87(2)
3.7.2.4 Assessment of ADME
89(1)
3.7.2.5 Drug repurposing/drug reposing
90(1)
3.7.2.6 De novo drug design
91(5)
3.8 Challenges and Limitations of AI
96(1)
3.9 Conclusion
97(8)
SECTION II INTERNET OF MEDICAL THINGS (IOMT)
4 Internet of Health Things: Opportunities and Challenges
105(28)
Emeka Chukwu
Lalit Garg
Ryan Zahra
4.1 Introduction: Health System
106(2)
4.1.1 Health Information Revolution
106(1)
4.1.2 Health Workforce and Task Shifting
107(1)
4.1.3 Digitization: Hope, Hype, and Harm
107(1)
4.2 Internet of Health Things
108(8)
4.2.1 Opportunities
110(1)
4.2.2 Applications
111(1)
4.2.3 Describing a Maternal Health Use Case
112(3)
4.2.4 Challenges
115(1)
4.2.5 Limitations
115(1)
4.3 Modeling an IoHT
116(10)
4.3.1 Service Implementation
116(2)
4.3.2 Electric Power Module
118(2)
4.3.3 Networking Module
120(1)
4.3.4 Server Architecture
120(4)
4.3.5 Application Module
124(1)
4.3.6 User Journey
125(1)
4.4 Conclusion and Future Perspective
126(7)
5 Internet of Things for Smart Healthcare and Digital Weil-Being
133(20)
Niloy Sarkar
Amitava Das
5.1 Introduction
133(2)
5.2 Internet of Things
135(4)
5.3 Technologies behind IoT
139(3)
5.3.1 Cloud Computing
139(1)
5.3.2 Sensors
140(1)
5.3.3 Location
141(1)
5.3.4 Communication
141(1)
5.3.5 Identification
141(1)
5.4 Healthcare and the Internet of Things
142(1)
5.5 Internet of Things for Health
143(4)
5.5.1 Digital Wellness
144(1)
5.5.2 Continuous Health Monitoring
144(1)
5.5.3 Easy Way of Continuous TREWS
144(3)
5.6 Integration of Different Disciplines of Science toward Better Application of AI and IOT
147(1)
5.7 AI: Major Areas of Application in the Health Field
147(1)
5.8 Present Applications of AI in Healthcare
148(1)
5.9 Conclusion and Future Work
149(4)
6 Automated Chatbots for Autism Spectrum Disorder Using AI Assistance
153(38)
Vamsidhar Enireddy
C. Karthikeyan
J. Ramkumar
6.1 Introduction to Autism
154(4)
6.1.1 Need to Study Autism
155(1)
6.1.2 Identification Symptoms
156(1)
6.1.3 Challenges Faced in a Community
157(1)
6.1.3.1 Challenges in verbal communication
157(1)
6.1.3.2 Challenges in nonverbal communication
158(1)
6.2 Behavior of Autistic Children
158(3)
6.2.1 Reasons for Autism
158(1)
6.2.2 Other Reasons That Contribute to ASD
159(1)
6.2.3 Negligence during Pregnancy
159(1)
6.2.4 Formative Screening Assessment
159(1)
6.2.5 Exhaustive Diagnostic Evaluation
160(1)
6.2.6 Associated Medical and Mental Health Conditions
160(1)
6.3 Financial Burden on the Families and Effect on the Economy of a Country
161(2)
6.3.1 World Status on Autism
162(1)
6.4 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
163(4)
6.4.1 Machine Learning
163(3)
6.4.2 Interchange of AI and Machine Learning
166(1)
6.5 Autism, AI, and Machine Learning
167(16)
6.5.1 JIBO-Human ROBO
168(1)
6.5.2 Autism Study Using ROBO
169(1)
6.5.3 Autism Prediction Using ML Algorithms
170(1)
6.5.4 Chatbot
171(2)
6.5.4.1 Algorithm to create a simple chatbot
173(1)
6.5.4.2 Process to create a chatbot
173(1)
6.5.4.3 Framework of the chatbot
174(2)
6.5.5 Role of AI Chatbots
176(1)
6.5.6 Chatbot Model
177(1)
6.5.6.1 Creating a chatbot for diagnosis
178(1)
6.5.6.2 Creating a simple text chat
179(4)
6.5.6.3 Creating a dashboard and a 3D chatbot model
183(1)
6.6 Conclusion
183(1)
6.7 Future Scope
184(7)
7 Emergence of Artificial Intelligence and Its Legal Impact
191(28)
Amol Deo Chavhan
7.1 Introduction
191(2)
7.2 What Is Artificial Intelligence?
193(2)
7.3 Why Artificial Intelligence Is Necessary for Study?
195(5)
7.3.1 Jurisprudence Analysis of Artificial Intelligence
196(2)
7.3.2 AI Technologies and Liability
198(2)
7.4 Rights, Duties, and Liabilities of the AI Inventor
200(10)
7.4.1 Ethical Responsibilities
204(4)
7.4.2 Criminal, Civil, and Constitutional Responsibility of the Inventor and AI
208(2)
7.5 Civil Remedies under the Law of Torts
210(5)
7.5.1 Principle of Res Ipsa Loquitur
211(1)
7.5.2 Compensation under the Law of Tort
212(1)
7.5.2.1 General damages
213(1)
7.5.2.2 Special damages
213(1)
7.5.2.3 Common principles for the contemplation of damages
213(1)
7.5.2.4 Standard principles for granting any damages
214(1)
7.6 Liability under Criminal Law
215(1)
7.7 Challenges Ahead
215(1)
7.8 Conclusion
216(3)
8 Jurisprudential Approach to Artificial Intelligence and Legal Reasoning
219(44)
Arup Poddar
8.1 Introduction
220(4)
8.2 History and Origin of Artificial Intelligence and Law
224(2)
8.3 Types of Nonhuman Computational Capabilities
226(4)
8.4 Introduction of Artificial Intelligence to Law
230(5)
8.5 Do We Have Any International Regulation on Artificial Intelligence?
235(4)
8.6 Should Artificial Intelligence Be Taught to Law Students?
239(4)
8.7 Story of IBM's Watson and Law Firms
243(2)
8.8 ROSS: A New Venture of AI
245(3)
8.9 Law Practicum and Artificial Intelligence
248(1)
8.10 Methods of Computation for Developing Reasoning with Legal Rules and Cases
248(3)
8.11 Scheme of Argument and Legal Reasoning
251(1)
8.12 Reasoning with Open-Textured Texts
252(1)
8.13 Reasoning with Cases, Hypothetical Situations, and Precedence Citing
253(1)
8.14 MOOCs: Is It an Example of an Intelligent Tutorial System Coupled with Ethics?
254(1)
8.15 What Future Do We See of Legal Reasoning Associated with Artificial Intelligence?
255(2)
8.16 Conclusion
257(6)
9 Legal Ethical and Policy Implications of Artificial Intelligence
263(26)
Subir Kumar Roy
9.1 Introduction
263(1)
9.2 Genesis and Concept of AI
264(3)
9.3 Ethics and Artificial Intelligence
267(2)
9.4 AI and Its Challenges
269(3)
9.5 Issues of Human Rights, Governance, and AI
272(6)
9.6 Destiny of Humanity in the World of AI
278(2)
9.7 Laws and Policies Related to AI
280(4)
9.8 Concluding Remarks
284(5)
Index 289
Utpal Chakraborty is an eminent data scientist, artificial intelligence (AI) researcher, author, and strategist having more than two decades of industry experience, including working as a principal architect in L&T Infotech, IBM, Capgemini, and other multinational companies. He has also demonstrated some completely out-of-the-box hybridized lean and agile methodologies in various industries.

Amit Banerjee is a scientist at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore. He has been a scientific researcher at the Research Institute of Electronics, Japan, and a part of the Innovative Photonics Evolution Research Center at Hamamatsu, Japan. Dr. Banerjee has extensively worked on terahertz devices, aiming at various biomedical applications.

Jayanta Kumar Saha is a professor and head of the Department of Law, Bankura University, India. He has organized three international research projects with the University of New South Wales, Australia; Arsenic Mitigation and Research Foundation, Bangladesh; and Swansea University, UK. His primary areas of research include corporate laws, human rights, and AI.

Niloy Sarkar is the dean of academics at the Neotia University, West Bengal, India. He is a visiting professor at BITS Pilani, India, and also a national committee member on IT and ITeS of the Confederation of Indian Industries, India. His research interests are health system management and AI in healthcare.

Chinmay Chakraborty is an assistant professor at the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, BIT Mesra, India. His research interests include Wireless Body Area Network, Internet of Medical Things, and mobile health system. He is a recipient of the Cosmic Young Research Excellence Award, 2018, and Global Peer Review Award, Publons, 2018.