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El. knyga: Assessing English for Professional Purposes

(Australian National University), (University of Melbourne, Australia)

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** WINNER OF ILTA/SAGE Best Book Award 2020 **

Assessing English for Professional Purposes provides a state-of-the-art account of the various kinds of language assessments used to determine peoples abilities to function linguistically in the workplace. At a time when professional expertise is increasingly mobile and diverse, with highly trained professionals migrating across national boundaries to apply their skills in English-speaking settings, this book offers a renewed agenda for inquiry into language assessments for professional purposes (LAPP). Many of these experts work in high-risk environments where communication breakdowns can have serious consequences. This risk has been identified by governments and professional bodies, who implement language tests for gate-keeping purposes. Through a sociological lens of risk and responsibility, this book:











provides a detailed overview of both foundational and recent literature in the field;





offers conceptual tools for specific purpose assessment, including a socially oriented theory of construct;





develops theory and practice in key areas, such as needs analysis, test development, validation and policy;





significantly broadens the scope of the assessment of English for professional purposes to include a range of assessment practices for both professionals and laypeople in professional settings.

Assessing English for Professional Purposes is key reading for researchers, graduate students and practitioners working in the area of English for Specific Purposes assessment.

Recenzijos

"In what I believe is the first major book devoted to the assessment of languages for specific purposes in nearly twenty years, Ute Knoch and Susy Macqueen have added depth and detail to fundamental concepts, including the scope of the specific purpose language enterprise, the analysis of needs, aspects of test development explicitly unique to specific purposes, the validity of scores in relation to the target domain and uses, and language-associated assessment policies. Their discussion of "Codes of Relevance" in language assessment for professional purposes is particularly enlightening, moving from very specific professional registers to Lingua Franca and standard varieties, related to the density of specialist knowledge required for communication. Throughout the book, Knoch and Macqueen conceptualize language assessments for professional purposes as tools for risk management: risks to test takers, to fellow professionals, to clients and consumers, and to society more generally. This book will be welcomed by researchers and practitioners in specific purpose language programs, assessment specialists for both specific and more general language use, and in post-graduate programs in applied linguistics and language teaching."

Dan Douglas, Iowa State University, USA

List of figures
ix
List of tables
xi
Acknowledgements xiii
Abbreviations xv
Introduction 1(6)
Definition of LAPP and notes on terminology
3(1)
Overview
3(2)
A broadened agenda
5(2)
1 Scope
7(32)
The range of LAPP: two stories
7(5)
Reconceptualizing LAPP activities
12(9)
The principles of fairness and benefit
21(4)
Assessments for professionals
25(3)
Assessments for lay people
28(3)
Boundaries in LAPP: domains and users
31(1)
Conclusion
32(7)
2 Construct
39(32)
Four dimensions of `construct'
40(11)
Contextualizing `construct'
51(2)
Layers of context embedded in operationalized constructs
53(7)
Sampling from LAPP Codes of Relevance
60(4)
Conclusion
64(7)
3 Needs
71(25)
Introduction
71(1)
Needs analysis
71(19)
Example needs analysis for test development purposes - the Occupational English Test
90(2)
Conclusion
92(4)
4 Development
96(33)
Introduction
96(1)
From needs analysis to test blueprint/test specifications
97(9)
Developing scoring criteria for ESP assessments
106(9)
Trialling of test materials
115(1)
Setting standards on language tests for the workplace
115(7)
Operational use
122(1)
Conclusion
123(6)
5 Validity
129(33)
Introduction
129(1)
Inferences in a validity argument for ESP assessments
129(2)
A framework for validation of language assessments for professional purposes
131(23)
Using the framework for validation of language assessments for professional purposes
154(3)
Conclusion
157(5)
6 Policy
162(33)
Assessment uses and their mandates
163(2)
Professional assessments: use, risk and responsibility
165(6)
Layperson assessments: uses, risk and responsibility
171(1)
Policy evaluation
172(18)
Conclusion
190(6)
Conclusion 195(8)
A broadened agenda -- revisited
196(2)
Tools, theories and concepts
198(3)
Expert systems and standard language cultures
201(2)
Index 203
Ute Knoch is an Associate Professor in Language Testing at the University of Melbourne, Australia.

Susy Macqueen is a Lecturer in Applied Linguistics at the Australian National University.